Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçların Karşılanmasına Hangi Psikolojik Yapılar Destek Sunabilir? Bağlanma Stilleri, Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları ve Kişilerarası İletişim Yetkinliğinin Rolü

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 957 - 988, 29.07.2024

Neslihan Çıkrıkçı

https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.1464184

Abstract

Bu kesitsel araştırmanın amacı, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar bağlanma stilleri, çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları ve kişilerarası iletişim yetkinliği arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Çalışma grubu 283 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. İhtiyaç Doyumu Ölçeği, Üç Boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği, Çocukluk Çağı Örsenlenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği ve Kişilerarası İletişim Yetkinliği Envanteri ölçme aracı olarak uygulanmıştır. Korelasyon analizi bulgularına göre, ihtiyaç doyumu kaygılı-kararsız bağlanma stili, kaçınan bağlanma stili, fiziksel kötüye kullanım, duygusal kötüye kullanım, dinleme becerisi, sosyal rahatlama becerisi ve ifade etme becerisi ile ilişkilidir. Birinci adımda bağlanma stilleri, ikinci adımda çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları ve üçüncü adımda kişilerarası iletişim yetkinliği hiyerarşik regresyon modeline dahil edilmiştir. Nihai analiz sonuçlarına göre, kaygılı-kararsız bağlanma stili, duygusal kötüye kullanım, dinleme becerisi, sosyal rahatlama becerisi ve ifade etme becerisi ihtiyaç doyumu toplam varyansının %40.3’ünü açıklamaktadır. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi bulgularına doğrultusunda yordayıcı rolü en güçlü olan değişkenin çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantılarından duygusal kötüye kullanım olduğu ifade edilebilir. Mevcut çalışma erken dönem yaşantıların ve bu yaşantıların etkileyebildiği iletişim yetkinliğinin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında önemli faktörler olduğuna yönelik bulgular sunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, araştırma sonuçlarının temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanmasına odaklanan psikolojik müdahalelerde etkili olabileceği varsayılmaktadır.

Keywords

Öz-Belirleme, İhtiyaç Doyumu, Bağlanma Stilleri, Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları, Kişilerarası İletişim Yetkinliği

What Psychological Structures Can Support the Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs? Attachment Styles, Childhood Maltreatment Experiences, and the Role of Interpersonal Communication Competence

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationships between basic psychological needs, attachment styles, childhood maltreatment experiences, and interpersonal communication competence. The study group consisted of 283 university students. The Need Satisfaction Scale, Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Communication Competence Inventory were used as measurement tools. According to the correlation analysis findings, need satisfaction was associated with anxious-ambivalent attachment style, avoidant attachment style, physical abuse, emotional abuse, listening skills, social relaxation skills, and expressive skills. The hierarchical regression model included attachment styles in the first step, childhood maltreatment experiences in the second step, and interpersonal communication competence in the third step. Regression analysis results revealed that anxious-ambivalent attachment style, emotional abuse, listening skill, social relaxation skill, and expressive skill accounted for 40.3% of the total variance of need satisfaction. In line with the hierarchical regression analysis findings, it can be stated that the variable with the most robust predictive role is emotional abuse among childhood maltreatment experiences. The present study provides findings that early experiences and communication competence, which can be affected by these experiences, are essential factors in meeting basic psychological needs. Therefore, the results of the study may be effective in psychological interventions that focus on meeting basic psychological needs.

Keywords

Self-Determination, Need Satisfaction, Attachment Styles, Childhood Maltreatment Experiences, Interpersonal Communication Competence

References

• AERA. (2023). Professional ethics. https://www.aera.net/About-AERA/AERA-Rules-Policies/Professional-Ethics.
• Ainsworth, M. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46(4), 333-341.
• Alkan, M. F., Maviş Sevim, F. Ö., & Evers, A. T. (2023). Factor structure and measurement invariance of the teacher autonomous behavior scale in Turkey. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 41(7), 777–795. https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829231186229
• APA. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.
• Aslan, S. H., & Alparslan, Z. N. (1999). Çocukluk Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği’nin bir üniversite öğrencisi örnekleminde geçerlik, güvenirlik ve faktör yapısı [The reliability, validity and factor structure of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire among a group of university students]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10(4), 275–285.
• Bacanlı, H., & Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. (2003, July). İhtiyaç doyumu ölçeği uyarlama çalışması [Adaptation study of need satisfaction scale] [Paper presentation]. VII. National Psychological Counselling and Guidance Congress, Mersin, Turkey.
• Baker, A. J., Brassard, M. R., & Rosenzweig, J. (2021). Psychological maltreatment: Definition and reporting barriers among American professionals in the field of child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 114, Article e104941.
• Barbeito, S., Gómez-Juncal, R., Vega, P., Antonio Becerra, J., Petkari, E., González-Pinto, A., & Sánchez-Gutiérrez, T. (2024). Attachment styles and associated psychosocial factors in patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis: A systematic review. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640231224661
• Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., Redmond, M. V., Geerinck, T., & Salem-Wiseman, L. (2002). Interpersonal communication: Relating to others. Allyn and Bacon Boston.
• Bell, S. M., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1972). Infant crying and maternal responsiveness. Child Development, 43(4), 1171–1190. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127506
• Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K., Sapareto, E., & Ruggiero, J. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132–1136.
• Bowlby, J. (1970). Disruption of affectional bonds and its effects on behavior. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy: On the Cutting Edge of Modern Developments in Psychotherapy, 2(2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02118173
• Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x
• Brandão, T., Brites, R., Hipólito, J., & Nunes, O. (2023). Attachment orientations, emotion goals, and emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 204, Article e112059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.112059
• Cassidy, J. (1988). Child-mother attachment and the self in six-year-olds. Child Development, 59(1), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130394
• Chiu, R. M. Y., Zhang, L., Teng, J., Ip, P., Lai, A. Y. K., & Chan, D. K. C. (2023). Motivation, injury prevention, and the incidence of sports injuries: A three‐wave longitudinal test of self‐determination theory. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 33(7), 1254–1261. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14348
• Çıkrıkçı, Ö., & Çinpolat, E. (2021). Kişilerarası İletişim Yetkinliği Envanteri’nin (KİYE) Türkçeye Uyarlanması [Adaptation of the Interpersonal Communication Competence Inventory (ICCI) into Turkish]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 757–775.
• Çikrikçi, Ö., & Gençdoğan, B. (2017). The effects of attachment styles and belongingness on life satisfaction among adolescents. International Journal of Happiness and Development, 3(3), 241. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2017.084073
• Çıkrıkçı, Ö., & Gençdoğan, B. (2022). Clarifying the associations among belongingness, setting life goals, need satisfaction and positive orientations: The model testing in accordance with the attachment styles. Current Psychology, 41(2), 643–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00587-1
• Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105 –115. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030644
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). Self-determination theory: When mind mediates behavior. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 1(1), 33–43.
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.). (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. University Rochester Press.
• Deci, E. L., and Vansteenkiste, M. (2004). Self-determination theory and basic need satisfaction: Understanding human development in positive psychology. Ricerche di Psicologia, 1(27), 23-40.
• Deneault, A.-A., & Hammond, S. I. (2021). Connecting the moral core: Examining moral baby research through an attachment theory perspective. Social Cognition, 39(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.4
• Deneault, A.-A., Hammond, S. I., & Madigan, S. (2023). A meta-analysis of child–parent attachment in early childhood and prosociality. Developmental Psychology, 59(2), 236 –255. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001484
• Dimmock, J., Krause, A. E., Rebar, A., & Jackson, B. (2022). Relationships between social interactions, basic psychological needs, and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychology & Health, 37(4), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2021.1921178
• Erzen, E. (2016). Üç Boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği [Three Dimensional Attachment Style Scale]. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 17(3), 1–21.
• Felton, L., & Jowett, S. (2013). The mediating role of social environmental factors in the associations between attachment styles and basic needs satisfaction. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(6), 618–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.744078
• Felton, L., & Jowett, S. (2017). Self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need satisfaction, and well-being in a sample of athletes: A longitudinal study. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 11(4), 304–323. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0013
• Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage Publications.
• Fuentes-Balderrama, J., Turnbull-Plaza, B., Ojeda-García, A., Parra-Cardona, J. R., Cruz Del Castillo, C., Díaz-Loving, R., & Von Mohr, M. (2022). Insecure Attachment to Parents as a Contributor to Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behaviors in Mexican Preadolescents. Trends in Psychology, 31(1), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00125-8
• Gagné, M. (2003). [No title found]. Motivation and Emotion, 27(3), 199–223. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025007614869
• Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
• Geng, J., Bao, L., Wang, H., Wang, J., Gao, T., & Lei, L. (2022). Does childhood maltreatment increase the subsequent risk of problematic smartphone use among adolescents? A two-wave longitudinal study. Addictive Behaviors, 129, Article e107250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107250
• Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373(9657), 68–81.
• Gori, A., Topino, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023). The associations between attachment, self-esteem, fear of missing out, daily time expenditure, and problematic social media use: A path analysis model. Addictive Behaviors, 141, Article e107633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107633
• Gözaçan Karabulut, D., Ayar, D., & Karasu, F. (2024). The relationship between solution-focused communication skills and perceived social support: A descriptive levels of study of the perceptions of Turkish parents with of children with developmental disabilities. Developmental Neurorehabilitation. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2023.2301612
• Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does ıt take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 449-510. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
• Gu, J., Wang, H., Xu, Y., Zhan, P., & Wang, J.-L. (2023). Childhood maltreatment, basic psychological needs satisfaction, internet addiction and internalizing problems. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 86, Article e101533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101533
• Guler, S., & Yavaş Çelik, M. (2023). Evaluation of attachment styles and life satisfaction of adolescents (12-18 years) with and without smoking, alcohol, and substance use. Journal of Substance Use. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2023.2233092
• Hailes, H. P., Yu, R., Danese, A., & Fazel, S. (2019). Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: An umbrella review. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 830–839.
• Haspolat, N. K., Ağırkan, M., & Eşkisu, M. (2024). Psychological symptoms among adolescents: Latent class analysis of parental attitudes, psychological needs, self‐regulation, and alexithymia. Psychology in the Schools, 61(3), 920-941.
• Hirsh, D. A., Crampton, P. E. S., & Osman, N. Y. (2024). Applying self‐determination theory to stem medical schools’ clinical teacher sustainability crisis. Medical Education, 58(1), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.15181
• Hodis, G. M., Hodis, F. A., & Bardhan, N. R. (2023). University students’ communication in learning settings and basic psychological needs: A latent profile analysis of their interrelationships. Communication Research and Practice, 9(3), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2023.2225900
• Huang, Y.-C., & Lin, S.-H. (2018). An inventory for assessing interpersonal communication competence of college students. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 46(4), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2016.1237614
• Huyghebaert-Zouaghi, T., Morin, A., Thomas, J., & Gillet, N. (2023). The daily dynamics of basic psychological need satisfaction at work, their determinants, and their implications: An application of Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2023.2276534
• Ingoglia, S., Liga, F., Coco, A. L., & Inguglia, C. (2021). Informant discrepancies in perceived parental psychological control, adolescent autonomy, and relatedness psychological needs. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 77, Article e101333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101333
• Karveli, S., Galanis, P., Mitropoulou, E. M., Karademas, E., & Markopoulos, C. (2023). The Role of Attachment Styles on Quality of Life and Distress Among Early-Stage Female Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 30(4), 724–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-023-09940-w
• Keeshin, B. R., & Dubowitz, H. (2013). Childhood neglect: The role of the paediatrician. Paediatrics & Child Health, 18(8), 39–43.
• Kerssen‐Griep, J., Hess, J. A., & Trees, A. R. (2003). Sustaining the desire to learn: Dimensions of perceived instructional facework related to student involvement and motivation to learn. Western Journal of Communication, 67(4), 357–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310309374779
• Kilag, O. K. T., Pasigui, R. E., Malbas, M. H., Manire, E. A., Piala, M. C., Araña, A. M. M., & Sasan, J. M. (2024). Preferred Educational Leaders: Character and Skills. European Journal of Higher Education and Academic Advancement, 1(2), 50–56.
• Kotiuga, J., Bőthe, B., Bergeron, S., Girouard, A., Bigras, N., & Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P. (2024). Longitudinal associations between childhood maltreatment and sexual motivations in couples: The role of basic psychological needs. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075241230118
• Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002). The world report on violence and health. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1083–1088.
• Lane, S. D. (2016). Interpersonal communication: Competence and contexts. Routledge.
• Leeb, R., Paulozzi, L., Melanson, C., Simon, T., & Arias, I. (2008). Child maltreatment surveillance: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements, version 1.0. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.
• Lin, J. H. (2016). Need for relatedness: A self-determination approach to examining attachment styles, Facebook use, and psychological well-being. Asian Journal of Communication, 26(2), 153–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2015.1126749
• Liu, Z., Shen, L., Wu, X., Zhen, R., & Zhou, X. (2024). Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Depression in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Roles of Feelings of Safety and Rumination. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 55(1), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01395-8
• López, C. I. (2022). Self-Determination Theory and Attachment Theory: An Integrative Model to Predict Drinking Motives and Protective Behavioral Strategies in Emerging Adults (Publication No. 29206391)[Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at El Paso]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
• Madigan, S., Deneault, A., Racine, N., Park, J., Thiemann, R., Zhu, J., Dimitropoulos, G., Williamson, T., Fearon, P., Cénat, J. M., McDonald, S., Devereux, C., & Neville, R. D. (2023). Adverse childhood experiences: A meta‐analysis of prevalence and moderators among half a million adults in 206 studies. World Psychiatry, 22(3), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21122
• Martela, F., Lehmus-Sun, A., Parker, P. D., Pessi, A. B., & Ryan, R. M. (2023). Needs and well-being across Europe: Basic psychological needs are closely connected with well-being, meaning, and symptoms of depression in 27 European countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 14(5), 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506221113678
• McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Publications.
• Mottet, T. P., & Beebe, S. A. (2006). Foundations of instructional communication. In Mottet T. P., V. P. Richmond & J. C. McCroskey (Eds.), Handbook of instructional communication: Rhetorical and relational perspectives (pp. 3–32). Allyn & Bacon.
• Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012). The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 9(11), e1001349. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349
• Nunes, P. M., Proença, T., & Carozzo-Todaro, M. E. (2024). A systematic review on well-being and ill-being in working contexts: Contributions of self-determination theory. Personnel Review, 53(2), 375–419. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2021-0812
• Patterson, T. G., & Joseph, S. (2007). Person-Centered Personality Theory: Support from Self-Determination Theory And Positive Psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 47(1), 117–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167806293008
• Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily Well-Being: The Role of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200266002
• Rubin, R. B., Martin, M. M., Bruning, S. S., & Powers, D. E. (1993). Test of a self-efficacy model of interpersonal communication competence. Communication Quarterly, 41(2), 210–220.
• Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological Needs and the Facilitation of Integrative Processes. Journal of Personality, 63(3), 397–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00501.x
• Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 749 –761. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 654–678). The Guilford Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-11667-026
• Ryan RM, Deci EL. 2017. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. Guilford.
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, Article e101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2022). Self-Determination Theory. In F. Maggino (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 1–7). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2630-2
• Schaefer, J. D., Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Danese, A., Fisher, H. L., Houts, R., Sheridan, M. A., Wertz, J., & Caspi, A. (2018). Adolescent Victimization and Early-Adult Psychopathology: Approaching Causal Inference Using a Longitudinal Twin Study to Rule Out Noncausal Explanations. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(3), 352–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617741381
• Sheldon, K. M., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Positive psychology and self-determination theory: A natural ınterface. In V. I. Chirkov, R. M. Ryan, & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Human autonomy in cross-cultural context (Vol. 1, pp. 33–44). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9667-8_2
• Shu, Z., & Yan, Z. (2022). The effect of childhood psychological abuse and neglect on suicidal ıdeation: The Roles of alexithymia and search for meaning. Journal of Psychological Science, 45(5), 1206-1213.
• Spitzberg, B. H., & Cupach, W. R. (1984). Interpersonal communication competence (Vol. 4). Sage Publications.
• Spitzberg, B. H., & Cupach, W. R. (2012). Handbook of interpersonal competence research. Springer Science & Business Media.
• Van Der Kaap-Deeder, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., Loeys, T., Mabbe, E., & Gargurevich, R. (2015). Autonomy-supportive parenting and autonomy-supportive sibling interactions: The role of mothers’ and siblings’ psychological need satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(11), 1590–1604. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215602225
• Van Ryzin, M. J., Gravely, A. A., & Roseth, C. J. (2009). Autonomy, belongingness, and engagement in school as contributors to adolescent psychological well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9257-4
• Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B. & Ryan, R. M. (2023). Basic psychological needs theory: A conceptual and empirical review of key criteria. In R. M. Teoksessa Ryan, (Eds.) The Oxford handbook of self-determination theory (pp. 84-123). Oxford University Press.
• Wan, S., Qin, G., Tu, S., Li, S., Yirimuwen, & Lin, S. (2023). Psychological maltreatment in childhood affects fear of missing out in adulthood: The mediating path of basic psychological needs and the moderating influence of conscientiousness. Current Psychology, 43, 5987-5998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04811-x
• Wing, C., Simon, K., & Bello-Gomez, R. A. (2018). Designing difference in difference studies: Best practices for public health policy research. Annual Review of Public Health, 39(1), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013507
• World Health Organization. (2018). Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Geneva: Switzerland. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/child-maltreatment/ace-questionnaire.pdf?sfvrsn=baed215c_2
• Yang, R., Yu, Q., Owen, C. E., Aspe, G. I., & Wiggins, J. L. (2021). Contributions of childhood abuse and neglect to reward neural substrates in adolescence. NeuroImage: Clinical, 32, Article e102832.
• Yang, Y., Cai, H., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Li, M., Han, R., & Chen, S. X. (2022). Why does nature enhance psychological well-being? A Self-Determination account. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83, 101872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102832
• Zhu, W., Chen, Y., & Xia, L.-X. (2020). Childhood maltreatment and aggression: The mediating roles of hostile attribution bias and anger rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 162, Article e110007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110007