Effects of Different Leaching Fractions on Growth of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Its Mineral Composition

Abstract

In this study, effects of different leaching fractions on soil salinity and its mineral composition were investigated. Additionally, fresh bean yield and mineral matter accumulation in its leaf shoot and fruit were determined. The experiment conducted in randomized plot design with 4 leaching treatments (LF1= 0.00, LF2= 0.15, LF3= 0.30 and LF4= 0.50) and leaching exhibited with each irrigation throughout the experiment. Saline irrigation water at 2.5 dS m-1 level prepared with CaCl2 and NaCl salts were used to irrigate bean plants. Fresh bean yield increased as leaching fraction increased to 0.30 leaching ratio while soil salinity decreased with increasing leaching fraction. Fresh bean yields for LF1, LF2, LF3 and LF4 were 78.0, 114.9, 141.6 and 127.0 g pot-1, respectively. Soil salinity increased 3.4, 2.0, 1.7 and 1.2 times with respect to irrigation water salinity level for LF1, LF2, LF3 and LF4, respectively. Mg/Ca ratio in saturation paste extract decreased with increasing leaching ratios. Increased leaching ratios caused increases in P content of shoot and fruit and decreases in Ca and Mg content of shoot and decreases in both shoot and fruit of N content.

Keywords

• Leaching fraction, salinity, fresh bean, plant nutrition

Farklı Yıkama Oranlarında Sulama Uygulamalarının Fasulyenin (Phaseolus vulgaris) Gelişimine ve Besin Maddesi İçeriğine Etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırmada her sulamayla birlikte ve farklı oranlarda yıkama yapılması durumunda toprak tuzluluğunda ve mineral madde içeriğinde oluşacak değişimler incelenmiş ve farklı yıkama oranlarının fasulye verimine ve çeşitli organlarındaki mineral madde birikimine etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre yürütülen denemede, saksılarda yetiştirilen fasulyeler 4 farklı yıkama oranı (LF1= 0, LF2= 0.15, LF3= 0.30 ve LF4= 0.50) dikkate alınarak sulanmıştır. Sulamalar, 2.5 dS m-1 düzeyinde CaCl2 ve NaCl tuzlarıyla hazırlanmış olan tuzlu suyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toprak tuzluluğu artan yıkama oranıyla birlikte azalma gösterirken, verim de artan yıkamayla birlikte artmış ve LF= 0.30’un üzerindeki yıkamalar için azalma eğilimi göstermiştir. LF1, LF2, LF3 ve LF4 uygulamaları sonucu sırasıyla 78.0, 114.9, 141.6 ve 127.0 g saksı-1 kadar verim alınmıştır. Toprak tuzluluğu sulama suyu tuzluluğuna göre LF1, LF2, LF3 ve LF4 için sırayla 3.4, 2.0, 1.7 ve 1.2 kat artış göstermiştir. Toprak saturasyon çözeltisinde Mg/Ca oranı artan yıkamayla birlikte azalmıştır. Artan yıkama oranı sürgün ve meyvede P içeriğinin artmasına, sürgünlerde Ca ve Mg içeriğinin, sürgün ve meyvede N içeriğinin düşmesine neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yıkama oranı, tuzluluk, taze fasulye, bitki besleme

References

1. Awad, A.S., Edwards, D.G., Campbell, L.C., 1990. Phosphorus Enhancement of Salt Tolerance of Tomato. Crop Science Society of America, 30: 123- 128.
2. Bremner, J.M. 1965. Total nitrogen. In. C.A. Black et al (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Agronomy 9:1149-1178. Am. Soc .of Agron., Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
3. Carter, M.R., 1983. Growth and mineral composition of barley and wheat across sequences of Solonetzic soil. Plant Soil, 74: 229-235.
4. Champagnol, F., 1979. Relationships between phosphate nutrition of plants and salt toxicity. Phosphorus Agric, 76: 35-43.
5. Demarty, M., Morvan, C., Thellier M., 1984. Calcium and cell wall. Plant Cell Environ. 7: 441-448.
6. Drew, M.C., Guenter, J., Läuchli, A., 1988. The combined effects of salinity and root anoxia on growth and net Na+ and K+ accumulation in Zea mays grown in solution culture. Ann Bot 61: 41-53.
7. Erözel, A.Z., 1993. Sulama Suyu Kalitesinin Kuru Fasulye Verimine Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No: 1333, Bilimsel Araştırma ve İncelemeler No: 738, Ankara.
8. Evangelou, V.P., McDonald, L.M., 1999. Influence of Sodium on Soils of Humid Regions. In: Pessarakli M. (ed.), Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. Taylor & Francis Group, second edition, Boca Raton, p: 17- 50.

9. Geraldson, C.M., 1957. Factors affecting calcium nutrition of celery, tomato, and pepper. Soil Science Society Proceeding 21: 621-625.
10. Geraldson, C.M., 1970. Intensity and balance concept as an approach to optimal vegetable production. Soil Sci Plant Anal 1: 187-196.
11. Gorham, J., 1990. Salt tolerance in Triticeae: K/Na discrimination in synthetic hexaploid wheats. Journal Experimental Botany, 41: 623-627.
12. Grattan, S.R., Grieve, C.M., 1999. Mineral Nutrient Acquisition and Response by Plants Grown in Saline Environments. In: Pessarakli M. (ed.), Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. Taylor & Francis Group, second edition, Boca Raton, p: 203-229.
13. Hanson, J.B., 1984. The functions of calcium in plant nutrition. In: Tinker P.B., Läuchli (eds.), Advances in Plant Nutrition. Vol. 1. New York Praeger, 149- 208.
14. Hoffman, G.J., 1990. Leaching Fraction and Root Zone Salinity Control. In: Tanji K.K. (ed.), Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. ASCE Publication, 345 East 47th Street New York, pp 237
15. Hoffman, G.J., Howell, T.A. Solomon, K.H., 1992. Management of Farm Irrigation Systems. ASAE Monograph Number 9 published by ASAE.
16. Jurinak, J.J., Suarez, D.L., 1990. The Chemistry of Salt- Affected Soils and Waters. In: Tanji K.K. (ed.), Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. ASCE Publication, 345 East 47th Street New York, pp 42-63.
17. Kesmez, G.D., Ünlükara, A., Yurtseven, E., Kütük, C., 2007. Farklı Düzeyde Azot Ve Tuzlu Su Uygulamalarının Taze Fasulyede Meyve Verimi ve Mineral Madde Birikimi Üzerine Etkisi. V. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, 4-7 Eylül 2007, Erzurum.
18. Pessarakli, M., 1999. Response of Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to salt Stress. In: Pessarakli M. (ed.), Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. Taylor & Francis Group, second edition, Boca Raton, p: 827- 842.
19. Pessarakli, M. and Szabolcs, I., 1999. Soil Salinity and Sodicity as Particular Plant/Crop Stress Factors. In: Pessarakli M. (ed.), Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. Taylor & Francis Group, second edition, Boca Raton, p: 1-15.
20. Puntamkar, S.S., Kant, K., Mathur, S.K., 1988. Effect of different proportions of Ca and K to Na in saline water on yield and uptake of cations in pearl millet. Transactions of Indian Society of Desert Technology and University Center of Desert Studies, 13: 91-95.
21. Sharpley, A.N., Meisinger, J.J., Power, J.F., Suarez, D.L., 1992. Root extraction of nutrients associated with long-term soil management. In: Stewart B. (ed.), Advances in Soil Science. Vol. 19, Berlin Springer- Verlag, 151-217.
22. Yurtseven, E., 2000. Sulama ve Drenaj ile Tuzluluk İlişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Anabilim Dalı, Basılmamış Lisans Üstü Ders Notu, Ankara.
23. Yurtseven, E., Kütük C., Ünlükara A., Kesmez G.D., 2002. The Effects of Salinity and Nitrogen Fertilization on Bean Yield and Quality. 13th Int. Fertilizer Sym., 10-13 June Tokat/Turkey, 253-262.