Braeburn Elmasının (Malus domestica Borkh.) Hasat Önü Dökümü ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Hasat Öncesi Bitki Gelişim Düzenleyici Uygulamalarının Etkisi

Year 2015, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 68 - 76, 20.03.2015

Burhan Öztürk Yakup Özkan Kemal Kılıç Mutlu Uçar Orhan Karakaya Medeni Karakaya

https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag808

Cited By: 7

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, hasat öncesi uygulanan naftalen asetik asit (NAA) ve aminoetoksivinilglisin (AVG) uygulamalarının, Braeburn elmasının meyve kalitesi ve hasat önü dökümü üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Deneme ağaçları, tahmini hasattan 4 hafta önce 20 mg L-1 NAA ve 150, 225 ve 300 mg L-1 olmak üzere 3 (üç) farklı miktarda AVG konsantrasyonu ile muamele edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında, NAA ve AVG uygulamalarının hasat önü dökümünü önemli miktarda azalttığı ortaya konmuştur. Meyve renk gelişimi, AVG uygulamaları ile önemli derecede geciktirilmiştir. 225 ve 300 mg L-1 AVG uygulama konsantrasyonlarının 1, 8 ve 15 Ekim tarihlerinde yapılan hasatta meyve ağırlığını önemli derecede azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. AVG uygulamaları meyve eti sertliğinin korunmasında daha etkili olmuştur. Fakat NAA uygulaması tahmini hasat tarihinde hem meyve eti sertliğini, hem de kopma direncini önemli derecede azaltmıştır. AVG uygulamaları nişasta parçalanmasını önemli derecede geciktirmiş ve suda çözünür kuru madde miktarını azaltmıştır. AVG’nin 225 ve 300 mg L-1 konsantrasyonu ile muamele olmuş meyveler 1, 8 ve 15 Ekim tarihinde kontrol ve NAA uygulamalarından daha yüksek titre edilebilir asitlik içeriğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Aminoetoksivinilglisin, meyve eti sertliği, kopma direnci, nişasta indeksi, renk.

The effects of pre-harvest plant growth regulators treatments on pre-harvest drop and fruit quality of Braeburn apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

Abstract

In this study, effects of pre-harvest applied aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatments on the pre-harvest drop and fruit quality of ‘Braeburn’ apple were investigated. Experimental trees were treated with three different concentrations (150, 225 and 300 mg L-1) of AVG and 20 mg L-1 NAA 4 weeks before anticipated harvest date. Results which were obtained revealed that NAA and AVG treatments significantly decreased pre-harvest drops compared to control treatment. AVG treatments significantly delayed peel color development. The fruit weight was significantly reduced by 225 and 300 mg L-1 AVG concentration at 1, 8 and 15 October harvest date. AVG treatments were more effective in retaining of flesh firmness. But NAA treatment significantly reduced both flesh firmness and fruit removal force at anticipated harvest. AVG treatments significantly delayed starch degradation, and reduced soluble solids content. 225 and 300 mg L-1 AVG-treated fruits exhibited higher titratable acidity than control and NAA on 1, 8 and 15 October.

Keywords

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine, color, fruit flesh firmness, removal force, starch index

References

• Amarante CVT, Simioni A, Megguer CA, Blum LBE (2002). Effect of aminoethoxyvinilglycine (AVG) on preharvest fruit drop and maturity of apples. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 24–3.
• Anonim (2012). Block-specific sprayer calibration worksheet. http://www.umass.edu/fruitadvisor /clements /trvcalculator.html#1, Erişim: Temmuz 2012.
• Autio WR, Bramlage WJ (1982). Effects of AVG on maturation, ripening, and storage of apples. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 107: 1074–1077.
• Blanpied GD, Silsby KJ (1992). Prediction of harvest date windows for apples. Cornell Cooperation Extension Bulletin, 2212: 1–12.
• FAO (2014). Food and Agriculture Organization (Erişim 10.07.2014).
• Greene DW (1996). Ethylene based preharvest growth regulators. In: Maib, K., Andrews, P., Lang, G. And Mullinex, K. (eds) Tree Fruit Physiology, Growth and Development Good Fruit Grower, Yakima, Washington, 149–159.
• Greene DW (2002). Preharvest drop control and maturity of ‘Delicious’ apples as effected by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). Journal of Tree Fruit Production, 3 (1): 1–10.
• Greene DW, Schupp JR (2004). Effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on preharvest drop, fruit quality, and maturation of ‘McIntosh’ apples. II. Effect of timing and concentration relationships and spray volume. HortScience, 39: 1036–1041.
• Greene DW (2005). Time of aminoethoxyvinylglycine application influences preharvest drop and fruit quality of ‘McIntosh’ apples. HortScience, 40 (7): 2056–2060.
• Greene DW (2006). An update on preharvest drop control of apples with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (ReTain). Acta Horticulturae, 727: 311–319.
• Mattheis J, Fan X, Argenta l (2001). Responses of Pacific Northwest apples to 1- methylcyclopropene (MCP). Proceeding of 2001 Washington Tree Fruit Postharvest Conference. March 13th-14th, Wenatchee, WA.
• Miller NJ, Rice ECA (1997). The relative contributions of ascorbic acid and phenolic antioxidants to the total antioxidant activity of orange and apple fruit juices and blackcurrant drink. Food Chemistry, 60(3): 331–337.
• Mohsenin NN (1970). Physical properties of plant and animal materials. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publisher, pp 51-87.
• Öztürk B (2012). ‘Jonagold’ elma çeşidinde aminoethoksivinilglisinin (AVG) hasat önü dökümüne, ‘Braeburn’ elma çeşidinde metil jasmonatın (MeJA) renklenme üzerine etkileri. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Tokat.
• Petri JL, Leite GB, Argenta LC, Basso C (2006). Ripening delay and fruit drop control in ‘Imperial Gala’ and ‘Suprema’ (‘Fuji Sport’) apples by applying AVG (Aminoethoxyvinylglicine). Proceedings of the Xth International Syposium on Plant Bioregulators in Fruit. Eds. Webster, A.D. and Ramirez, H. Acta Horticulturae, 727: 519–526.
• Rath AC, Prentice AJ (2004). Yield increase and higher flesh firmness of ‘Arctic Snow’ nectarines both at harvest in Australia and after export to Taiwan following pre-harvest application of ReTain plant growth regulator (aminoethoxyvinylglycine, AVG). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44: 343–351.
• Rudell DR, Fellmann JK, Mattheis JP (2005). Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate to ‘Fuji’ apples enhances red coloration and affects fruit size, splitting, and bitter pit incidence. HortScience, 40: 1760–1762.
• Schupp JR, Greene DW (2004). Effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on preharvest drop, fruit quality, and maturation of ‘McIntosh’ apples. I. concentration and timing of dilute applications of AVG. HortScience, 39: 1030–1035.
• Sır E (2006). Hasat sonrası 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) uygulamasının ‘Granny Smith’ elma çeşidinin muhafaza potansiyeli üzerine etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa.
• Southwick L (1938). Pre-harvest drop of the ‘McIntosh’ apple. ‘Master's Thesis’, Massachusetts State College, Amherst.
• Stampar F, Veberic R, Zadravec P, Hudina M, Usenik V, Solar A, Osterc G (2002). Yield and fruit quality of apples cv. ‘Jonagold’ under hail protection nets. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 67: 205–210.
• Stover E, Fargione MJ, Watkins CB, Iungerman KA (2003). Harvest management of Marshall ‘McIntosh’ apples: Effects of AVG, NAA, ethephon, and summer pruning on preharvest drop and fruit quality. HortScience, 38 (6): 1093–1099.
• Yuan R, Carbaugh HD (2007). Effects of NAA, AVG and 1-MCP on ethylene biosynthesis, preharvest fruit drop, fruit maturity and quality of ‘Golden Supreme’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples. HortScience. 42(1): 101–105.
• Yuan R, Li J (2008). Effect of sprayable 1-MCP, AVG, and NAA on ethylene biosynthesis, preharvest fruit drop, fruit maturity, and quality of ‘Delicious’ apples. HortScience, 43(5): 1454–1460.
• Ward DL (2004). Factors affecting preharvest fruit drop of apple. (Doctorate thesis), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Wargo JM, Merwin IA, Watkins CB (2004). Nitrogen fertilization, midsummer trunk girdling, and AVG treatments affect maturity and quality of ‘Jonagold’ apples. HortScience, 39(3): 493–50.
• Yıldız K, Öztürk B, Özkan Y (2012) Effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (A0.VG) on preharvest fruit drop, fruit maturity, and quality of 'Red Chief' apple. Scientia Horticulturae, 144: 121-124.
• Zanella A (2003). Control of apple superfical scald and ripening a comparison between 1-methylcyclopropene and diphenylamine postharvest treatments. Initial low oxygen stress and ultra-low oxygen storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 27: 69–78.