Transforming Art into Medicine and Medicine into Art: Max Brödel

Abstract

Art and science have more in common than we think because both depend on the observation and questioning of the world that surrounds us. Their sources are interest, curiosity, desire to explore, questioning and challenge. Although these sources come from very ancient times, with the increasing interest in observations as a learning tool with the Renaissance, the descriptions become more accurate and scientific. The effort to recognize, understand and show the human body, which reached its peak with the artist Leonardo da Vinci, takes on a new identity with the anatomist Andreas Vesalius in the 16th century. Painting and graphic arts, which are integrated into medical science with anatomical representations, turn into “medical illustration” in the visualization of medical concepts over time. In the 19th century, medical artist Max Brödel opened new horizons with his education model and the technique he developed. The aim of this study is to examine the individual, institutional and academic contributions of Brödel, who brought a new perspective to medical illustration, and to give information about the carbon-dust technique he developed. In this context, the study is discussed within the scope of shaping and developing medical illustration with the vision of Max Brödel.

Keywords

• Max Brödel
• medical illustration
• carbon-dust

Sanatı Tıbba, Tıbbı Sanata Evirmek: Max Brödel

Abstract

Sanat ve bilim, fark ettiğimizden daha fazla ortak yönlere sahiptir, çünkü her ikisi de bizi çevreleyen dünyanın gözlemlenmesine ve sorgulanmasına bağlıdır. Beslendikleri kaynaklar, ilgi, merak, keşfetme arzusu, sorgulama ve meydan okumadır. Bu kaynaklar çok eskilerden gelse de Rönesans’la birlikte öğrenme aracı olarak gözlemlere artan ilgi ile tasvirler, daha doğru ve bilimsel hale gelir. Sanatçı Leonardo da Vinci ile zirveye ulaşan, insan bedenini tanıma, anlama ve gösterme çabası, 16.Yüzyılda anatomist Andreas Vesalius ile yeni bir kimliğe bürünür. Anatomik gösterimlerle tıp bilimine entegre olan resim ve grafik sanatlar zamanla tıbbi kavramların görselleştirilmesinde “tıbbi resimleme” ye dönüşür. 19. Yüzyıla gelindiğinde tıp sanatçısı Max Brödel eğitim modeli ve geliştirdiği teknikle de yeni ufuklar açar. Bu çalışmanın amacı medikal illüstrasyona yeni bir bakışı açısı getiren Brödel’in bireysel, kurumsal ve akademik katkılarını irdelemek, geliştirdiği karbon tozu tekniği hakkında bilgi vermektir. Bu bağlamda çalışma medikal illüstrasyonun Max Brödel vizyonu ile şekillenmesi ve gelişmesi kapsamında ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

• Max Brödel
• medikal illüstrasyon
• karbon-tozu

References

1. ARCHER, Patricia M. A. (1998) , “A History Of The Medical Artists' Association Of Great Britain 1949 – 1997” University Of London , London. s. 31-38
2. Calkins CM, Franciosi JP, Kolesari GL. (1999). Human anatomical science and illustration: The origin of two inseparable disciplines. Clin.Anat. 12:120–129.
3. Cullen, Thomas S.(1945). “M.B.Max Brödel, 1870-1941 Director of the First Department of Art as Applied to Medicine in the World” 1945. s: 5-29
4. Shepley, Clifford. D.A.(1951). “The Development Of Medical Illustration”, From the Department of Surgery, University of Edinburgh, March s. 70-78
5. Graff, Van De. (2001) “Human Anatomy, Historical Perspective”, McGraw Hill, s. 6
6. Keele, K. D. (1979) ‘Leonardo da Vinci’s "Anatomia Naturale". The inaugural John F. Fulton lecture. Yale University School of Medicine November 3, 1978.’, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. United States, 52(4), p. 369–409
7. Kemp, M. (2010). Style and non-style in anatomical illustration: From Renaissance Humanism to Henry Gray. J Anat 216:192–208.
8. Lees, Gary. (2021) Lees https://gazette.jhu.edu/2011/07/18/a-century-of-medical-illustration/ Erişim: 9 Ocak 2021

9. Middleton, (2022). “The Art of Medicine: Max Brödel” https://www.sciartmagazine.com/spotlight-the-art-of-medicine.html Erişim:6 Ocak 2022
10. “APPLYING ART TO MEDICINE” November 27, 2014 · by The Physician's Palette in Anatomy, Education, Medicine · 1 Comment https://thephysicianspalette.wordpress.com/2014/11/27/medical-illustration-part-4-of-6/ Erişim 11 Ocak 2022
11. Molina, A. Garcia. (2019). A. Enseñat-Cantallops “Max Brödel (1870-1941), pioneer of neurosurgical illustration” Neurosciences and History; 7(2): 77-82 Erişim: 3 haziran 2022 https://docplayer.es/205143636-Max-brodel-pionero-de-la-ilustracion-neuroquirurgica.html
12. Netter, F. H. (1956) ‘Medical illustration; its history and present day practice.’, The Journal of the International College of Surgeons. United States, Vol, 26 (4 Part 1), pp. 505–513.
13. O’Malley, C.D. ve Saunders, JBCM. (1952) Leonardo da Vinci on the human body. New York: Henry Schuman Publ. s.8
14. Sawchuk, Kim- Woolridge, Nicholas and Jenkinson, Jodie “Illustrating Medicine: Line, Luminance and the Lessons from J.C.B. Grant's Atlas of Anatomy (1943)” Visual Communication 2011 10: 442 http://vcj.sagepub.com/content/10/3/442 Erişim: 6 Şubat 2022
15. Shepley, Clifford. D.A.(1951). “The Development Of Medical Illustration”, From the Department of Surgery, University of Edinburgh, March s. 70-78
16. Sınav, A. (2008). Tıbbi Resimin Tıp Eğitimine Katkıları, (Ed. Mehmet Yıldırım) Günümüzde Tıbbi Resim, İ.Ü Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları s. 53-60
17. https://gazette.jhu.edu/2011/07/18/a-century-of-medical-illustration/ Erişim: 27 Nisan 2021
18. https://www.sciartmagazine.com/uploads/6/0/8/9/6089526/695-tongue-fibroma-300ppi_orig.jpg Erişim: 20 Mayıs 2022
19. https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/dorothy-foster-chubb-papers Erişim: 15 Mayıs 2022
20. https://www.oldbookillustrations.com/illustrations/stomach-pancreas/ (mide) 1 Haziran 2022
21. https://meetings.ami.org/2021/maria-t-wishart-1893-1982/ Erişim : 14 Haziran 2022