Peyzaj Tasarımında Fütürizm: Ankara Mogan Gölü'nde Deneysel Bir Park Tasarımı

Öz

Fütürizm, 20. Yüzyıl'ın başında ortaya çıkan, bilim ve yeni çevre/mimari teknolojilerle bağlantılı, sanat ve mimaride yenilikçi bir tasarım yaklaşımıdır. Fütürizm ilk kez 1909 yılında Filippo Tommaso Marinetti tarafından bir manifestoyla tartışıldı. Daha sonra Antonio Sant'Elia, insanlığın yararına sürdürülebilir bir şehir yaratmayı hedefleyerek La Citta Nuova ile fütürizmi kentsel ölçeğe taşımiştir. Fütürizmin temel özellikleri, teknoloji ve bilim kullanılarak modern şehirlerde inşa edilen tasarımdaki dinamizm hareket, hız ve dinamik yapılardır. Daha sonra fütürizm yeniden tanımlandı ve uzay çağı ile çevre ve yapı teknolojilerindeki yeni gelişmeleri, dinamik ve ilginç formlar, malzemeler ve yüksek teknoloji mimarisinin yanı sıra kentsel ve peyzaj tasarım yaklaşımlarıyla bütünleştirerek daha fazla nitelik kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada fütürizm bir tasarım akımı olarak tespit edilmiş ve tarih boyunca gelişimi ortaya konmuştur. Daha sonra fütürizmin kentsel ve peyzaj tasarımına yansıması tartışılmış ve son aşamada Ankara'da Mogan Gölü yakınında seçilen alan için etüt ve arazi analizi çalışmalarının ardından deneysel bir fütüristik peyzaj park tasarımı önerilmiştir. Değerlendirme aşamasında uygunluk analizi çalışmaları referans alınarak ArcGIS yazılımı kullanılarak 'ağırlıklı çakıştırma' yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra analiz çalışmalarının sonuçlarına göre güneş ve rüzgar panelleri, güneş ve rüzgar enerjisiyle çalışan kent mobilyaları ve çeşitli kotlarda güneş enerjili yollar ile kent park alanı içinde uygun lokasyonlara sahip enerji verimli bir yaklaşımla alan tasarlanmıştır. Arazi kullanımının yanı sıra yapısal peyzaj ve bitkilendirme tasarımları da fütüristik peyzaj tasarımı olgusunun ilkelerine göre yürütülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fütürizm
• Peyzaj tasarımı
• Tasarım akımları
• Su ve enerji tasarruflu tasarım

Futurism In Landscape Design: An Experimental Park Design In Ankara, Mogan Lake

Abstract

The futurism is an innovative design approach in art and architecture emerged at the beginning of 20th Century which is linked with science and new environmental/architectural technologies. Futurism was first discussed by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in 1909 with a manifesto. Then, Antonio Sant'Elia carried futurism to urban scale by La Citta Nuova aiming to create a sustainable city for the benefit of humanity. The main characteristics of futurism are the dynamism and movement in design, speed, motion, dynamic structures built in modern cities by the use of technology and science. Afterward, futurism was redefined and gained further properties integrated the space age and new development in environmental and building technologies with dynamic and amazing forms, materials and high-tech architecture as well as urban and landscape design approaches. In this study, futurism was identified as a design trend and its developments throughout history was set. Then, the reflection of futurism in urban and landscape design was discussed and at the final stage an experimental futuristic landscape park design was offered after survey and site analysis studies for the selected area near Mogan Lake in Ankara. In the evaluation phase the 'weighted overlay' method was used by using ArcGIS software with reference to the suitability analysis studies. Then, the area was designed with an energy-efficient approach having solar and wind panels, urban furniture powered by solar and wind energy, and solar-powered roads at various levels and suitable locations in the urban park area according to the results of the analysis studies. Besides land use, hardscape and plantation design were all conducted due to the principles of the futuristic landscape design phenomenon.

Keywords

• Futurism
• Landscape design
• Design trends
• Water and energy efficient design

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