İlkokullarda Açık Teneffüs Alanlarının Mekansal Kullanımları ve Yeterlilikleri Üzerine Bir İrdeleme: Üsküdar Örneği

Öz

Türkiye’de eğitim sistemi yıllar içerisinde pek çok kez değişim göstermiştir. Uygulanan müfredat, sınav sistemi, okulların kimliği çok sık değişmekte; buna karşılık eğitim yapılarımız bu değişime her zaman yanıt verememektedir. Mekân yetersizlikleri sonucu, bazı okullarda öğrencilerin ders dışı kullandıkları birimler kısıtlandırılmakta ve böylelikle derslik mekânları arttırılmaktadır. Bu durum, daha çok öğrencinin kullandığı daha yüksek katlı yapılar ve daha az açık alanları beraberinde getirmektedir. Okullarda yapılan gözlem ve araştırmalar sonucu, teneffüs mekânlarının mimari olumsuzluklar ve yetersizlikler barındırdığı fark edilmiştir. Çalışma bu tespit çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. İlkokul bahçelerinin planlama ve tasarım kriterlerinin ulusal, uluslararası ve akademik standartlar bakımından analizi yapılarak, yeterlilik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda literatürde eksik olarak görülen noktalardan biri ülkemizde kentleşme problemlerinin en çok görüldüğü, en kalabalık şehrimiz olan İstanbul’da yer alan ilkokul bahçeleri hakkında yapılan çalışmaların azlığıdır.  Çalışma bu doğrultuda İstanbul ilinin Üsküdar ilçesinde yer alan resmi ilkokulları inceleyerek literatüre katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Gerçekleştirilen alan çalışmasında nicel ve nitel araştırma yöntemleri birlikte kullanılmıştır. Okulların proje çizimlerinin temininin ardından, farklı gün ve saatlerde yerinde gözlem ve eskiz çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, okul bahçelerindeki mevcut eksiklikler tanımlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ilköğretim okulu,rekreasyon alanı,okul bahçesi,İstanbul

Spatial Usage and Qualifications of Outdoor Recreation Areas in Primary Schools: A Case Study From Üsküdar

Abstract

The education system in Turkey has shown many changes over the years. Curriculum applied, examination system, schools' identity change very often; however, our educational structures are not always able to respond to these changes. As a result of the lack of space, apart from the classrooms, the units used by students in some schools are restricted thus the number of classrooms is increased as a solution. This situation leads to higher-rise buildings and less open spaces used by more students. As a result of the observations and researches carried out in the schools, it has been noticed that the places used for breaks have architectural disadvantages as well as inadequacies. The study has been handled within the framework of this outcome. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the planning and design criteria of primary school gardens in terms of national, international and academic standards, and to determine their proficiency levels. One of the points that are considered to be incomplete in the literature in this regard is the scarcity of studies on primary school gardens in Istanbul, which has the greatest urbanization problem in our country as being the most populous city of Turkey.  In this direction, the study aimed to contribute to the literature by examining the public primary schools in Üsküdar district of Istanbul. In the field study, quantitative and qualitative research methods were used together. Following the supply of the project drawings of the schools, on-site observation and sketch studies were carried out on different days and hours. As a result of the study, the current situation and deficiencies in school gardens were identified.

Keywords

• recreation areas,primary school,schoolyard,İstanbul

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