Research Article
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15. ve 19. yüzyıllar arası tarihi kartografik malzemelerde Bodrum Halikarnas tasviri

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 205 - 232, 30.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1073432

Abstract

Tarihsel kartografik materyaller bize sadece bir şehir ve bölgedeki mekansal ortamın evrimi hakkında değil, aynı zamanda farklı dünya görüşlerinin şehir ve bölge anlayışı hakkında da önemli kanıtlar sağlar. Bu bağlamda, Doğu Akdeniz'deki antik Halikarnas'ın konumlandığı Bodrum, farklı dönemlere ve geleneklere ait çok sayıda tarihi haritanın mevcudiyeti nedeniyle bu evrim ve anlayışların gözlemlenmesi için mükemmel bir laboratuvar olarak düşünülebilir. Çalışma, Bodrum için mevcut olan tarihi kartografik malzemelerin irdelenebilmesi için dört haritalama geleneğini ortaya çıkararak, bir yandan, şehirdeki eski ve dikkat çekici binaların mekansal biçimlenişinin evrimine ve diğer yandan, farklı dünya görüşlerinin ve anlayışlarının tezahürüne atıfta bulunmak suretiyle, Bodrum şehrinin tarihini yeniden okumaktadır. Bu, tarihi, haritacılık olarak yeniden formüle ederken, haritacılığı da tarih olarak bağlamlaştıran iki katlı bir mercek kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Coğrafi-sabitleme de yardımcı bir çözümleme yöntemi olarak mekansal unsurların sabitlenmesinde kullanılmıştır.

References

  • Allezard, J.J., & Roux, J. (1817). Recueil de 163 des principaux plans des ports et rades de la Mediterranée, dont 40 ont été derniérement publiés par Jean Joseph Allezard ancien Capitaine de Marine et plusieurs des autres corrigés. Livourne: Chez Joseph Gamba. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://cartotecadigital.icgc.cat/digital/collection/atles/id/100/
  • Arrian & Chaussard, P.J-B. (1804). Histoire des expéditions d'Alexandre, rédigée sur les mémoires de Ptolémée et d’Aristobule ses lieutenants, par Flave Arrien, de Nicomédie, surnommé le nouveau Xénophon, consul et general romain, disciple d’Epictéte. Paris: Charles Pougens.
  • Balletti, C. (2006) Georeference in the analysis of the geometric content of early maps. e-Perimetron, 1(1), 32-39.
  • Bean, G.E., & Cook, J.M. (1955). The Halicarnassus Peninsula. Annual of the British School at Athens, 50, 85-171.
  • Beaufort, F.R.S. (1817). Karamania, or A Brief Description of the South Coast of Asia Minor and the Remains of Antiquity. London: R. Hunter. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/beaufort1817
  • Borra, G.B. (1750). Topographical Map of Halicarnassus at its Harbor. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:27018
  • Borra, G.B. (1751). Wood 16. Another sketchbook in pencil and ink by Borra, covering Naples, Asia Minor and Egypt. Giovanni Battista Borra. (Unpublished) Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/9486/
  • Braudel, F. (1972). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II. London: Fontana.
  • Brummett, P. (2020). Chapter 11 - Visualizing Ottoman Space: Choiseul-Gouffier and the Passage through Anatolia, 1776. In F. Castiglione, E. Menchinger, & V. Simsek (Eds), Ottoman War and Peace: Studies in Honor of Virginia H. Aksan (pp. 193-207). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
  • Buondelmonti, Cristoforo (1465-1475). Liber Insularum Arcipelagi. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b55010482q
  • Cajthaml, J. (2011) Methods of georeferencing old maps on the example of Czech early maps. In Proceedings of the 25th International Cartographic Conference. Paris: International Cartographic Association.
  • Choiseul-Gouffier, M.G.F.A. (1782). Voyage Pittoresque de la Grece: Tome premier. A Paris. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8449081d.texteImage#
  • Della Dora, V. (2007). Geo-strategy and the persistence of antiquity: surveying mythical hydrographies in the eastern Mediterranean, 1784–1869. Journal of Historical Geography, 33(3), 514-541.
  • Duggan, T.M.P. (2017). Depicting and Charting the Southern Coastline of Anatolia – Record of the Later Toponyms of Phaselis: Palyopoli-Paleopolis, Tekiroba, Gironda-Phionda-Fironda-Fionda – The 1812 Report of Rapid Coastal Erosion – The (Doubtful?) Islands and Evidence leading Towards a Date for the Collapse of the Upper Courses of the Inner Harbour Arm at Ancient Phaselis, Antalya. Phaselis, 3, 1-48.
  • Emiralioglu, P. (2016). Geographical knowledge and imperial culture in the early modern Ottoman Empire. London: Routledge.
  • Erdoğru, M.A., & Özgiray A. (2017) Bodrum Yarimadasinin Tarihi Cografyasi. Bodrum: Halikarnas Matbaacilik.
  • Ethington, P.J. (2007). Placing the past: ‘Groundwork’ for a spatial theory of history. Rethinking History, 11(4), 465-493.
  • Evliya Çelebi (1935). Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi, Anadolu, Suriye, Hicaz (1671-1672) - Dokuzuncu Cilt. Istanbul: Devlet Matbaasi.
  • Faričić, J., & Mirošević, L. (2017). Carta di cabotaggio del Mare Adriatico (1822–1824): A Turning-Point in the Development of Adriatic Maritime Cartography. Imago Mundi, 69(1), 99-111.
  • Friendly, A. (1977). Beaufort of the Admiralty: The Life of Sir Francis Beaufort 1774–1857. London: Hutchinson and Company.
  • Gür, B. (2012). Minos, Miken ve Hititler Ekseninde Batı Anadolu’daki Muhtemel Sömürgecilik Faaliyetleri, The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 5 (6), 233-249.
  • Halikarnas Balıkçısı (1991). Altinci Kita Akdeniz. Sadan Gokovali (Ed.), Ankara: Bilgi Yayinevi.
  • Harley, J.B. (1989a). Historical geography and the cartographic illusion. Journal of Historical Geography, 15(1), 80-91.
  • Harley, J.B. (1989b). Deconstructing the Map. Cartographica, 26(2), 1-20.
  • Herrault, P.A., Sheeren, D., Fauvel, M., Monteil, C., & Paegelow, M. (2013). A comparative study of geometric transformation models for the historical ‘Map of France’ registration. Geographia Technica, 1, 34-46.
  • Hutton, C.A. (1927). The Travels of ‘Palmyra’ Wood in 1750-51. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 47(1), 102-128.
  • Johnson, B. (2004). The modest life and times of Joseph Roux: A hydrographer of 18th century Marseilles. IMCoS Journal, (96), 27–37.
  • Laiou, A. (2003). Marino Sanudo Torsello, Bizans ve Türkler: 1332- 1334 Türklere Karşı İttifakın Perde Arkası, Çev. Murat Keçiş, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, XXII/34, 183-205.
  • Lowe, C.G. (1936). Fauvel's first trip through Greece. Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 5(2), 206-224.
  • Maden, F., & Eğilmez, M. (2018). Osmanli Donemi Bodrum Cami ve Mescitleri. History Studies, 10(3), 155-178.
  • Maempel, G.Z. (1986). TAB Spratt (1811–88) and his contribution to maltese geology. Melita Historica, 9(3), 271-308.
  • Mcnicoll, A. W., Milner, N.P. (1997). Hellenistic Fortifications from the Aegean to The Euphrates, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Metin, T. (2014) Ortaçağ Akdenizinde Menteşe Beyliğinin İktisadi Faaliyetleri ve At Ticareti, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 173(173), 255-272.
  • Mighetto, P. (1995). Viaggiatori in oriente 1749-1857: studi dell'architettura antica deli Asia Minore, attraverso le relazioni dei viaggiatori europei nell Impero Ottomano, rel. Donatella Ronchetta, Politecnico di Torino, Facoltà di Architettura II (pp. 306-309) Retrieved from https://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/hierapolis/old/hierapolis/viaggiatori/DEFAULT.HTM
  • Nemlioğlu Koca, Y. (2018). Denizlerimizi Aydınlatanlar: Turkiye’de Fenerlerin Kurulusu ve Gelisimi. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 6(2), 103-117.
  • Nemlioğlu Koca, Y. (2020). Reading Geography: A Systematic Evaluation on Kitâb-ı Bahriye (Book of Navigation) Copies. International Journal of Geography and Geography Education, (42), 504-526.
  • Newton, C.T., & Pullan, R.P. (1862). A History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus & Branchidæ. London: Day & Son.
  • Özveren, E. (2017). The Fisherman of Halicarnassus and Fernand Braudel: Less than a Full Mediterranean Crossing. Meltem Izmir Akdeniz Akademisi Dergisi. (1), 9-22.
  • Panecki, T. (2015). The evaluation of archival maps in geohistorical research. Miscellanea Geographica, 19(4), 72-77.
  • Papachristou, M., & Pazarli, M. (2011). An interactive secondary education history class project using cartographic heritage interfaces: The Ancient Olympia landscape key-study. e-Perimetron, 6(3), 172-186.
  • Pedley, M. (2012). Enlightenment Cartography at the Sublime Porte: François Kauffer and the Survey of Constantinople. Osmanli Arastirmalari, (39), 28-53.
  • Perreault, A. (2019). Le Liber Insularum Archipelagi: cartographier l’insularité comme outil de légitimation territoriale. Memini. Travaux et documents, (25), 1-19.
  • Pîrî Reis (1521). Kitâb-ı Bahriye. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b60004373.r
  • Pîrî Reis (1526). Kitâb-ı Bahriye. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000438h; and https://archive.org/details/pirireismapkitabibahriyeorbookoftheseapirireis/page/n61/mode/2up
  • Podobnikar, T. & Šinkovec, I. (2004) Ljubljana-mutual analyses of the georeferenced old maps. Javno dobro: indentifikacija, upotreba, upravljanje, dizajn: zbornik radova, Centar za planiranje urbanog razvoja, 67-73.
  • Podobnikar, T. (2010). Historical maps of Ljubljana for GIS applications. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica, 45(1), 80-88.
  • Sır, A.N. (2015). Kitâb-ı Bahriye'nin Dibacesinde Deniz İmgesi. In: C. Yemisçi, T.E. Çakır, M.G. Beydiz, & C. Çoban (Eds.), 2nd International Symposium of Turgut Reis and Turkish Maritime History - Vol. 1 (243-263). Bodrum: Halikarnas Matbaacilik.
  • Sonetti, Bartolomeo Da Li (1485). Isolario. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b55007621n
  • Tolias, G. (2007). Isolarii, fifteenth to seventeenth century. In D. Woodward (Ed.), The History of Cartography - Volume Three (Part 1) - Cartography in the European Renaissance (pp. 263-284). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://press.uchicago.edu/books/HOC/HOC_V3_Pt1/Volume3_Part1.html
  • Tolias, G. (2012). The politics of the isolario: Maritime cosmography and overseas expansion during the Renaissance. The Historical Review / La Revue Historique, 9, 27-52.
  • UKHO (1847) Asia Minor, Budrum, the Ancient Halicarnassus surveyed by Commander Thomas Spratt of H.M.S. Volage. Published at the Admiralty April 9th 1851, Engraved by J. & C. Walker. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/agdm/id/8550/rec/119
  • Vitruvius, & Morgan, M.H. (1914). The ten books on architecture. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Yilmaz, I. (2010). The Kitâb-ı Bahriye (Book of Navigation) of Pîrî Reis. The Cartographic Journal, 47(3), 278-283.ambridge University Press.

Depiction of Bodrum Halicarnassus in the historical cartographic materials between 15th and 19th Centuries

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 205 - 232, 30.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1073432

Abstract

Historical cartographic materials provide us with significant evidence not only about the evolution of spatial setting in a city and region, but also conception of it from different worldviews. In this context, Bodrum, the site of ancient Halicarnassus in the Eastern Mediterranean, can be considered as a perfect laboratory for the observation of this evolution and conceptions owing to the availability of a number of historical maps belonging to the different eras and traditions. By revealing four mapping traditions for elaboration of the historical cartographic materials available for Bodrum, the study re-read the history of Bodrum city with reference to, on the one hand, the evolution of spatial configuration of the old and remarkable buildings in the city, and on the other hand, the manifestation of the different world views and conceptions, which is realized by employing a two-folded lens that reformulates history as cartography while contextualizing cartography as history. Georeferencing is also used as an auxiliary method of analysis for the fixation of spatial elements.

References

  • Allezard, J.J., & Roux, J. (1817). Recueil de 163 des principaux plans des ports et rades de la Mediterranée, dont 40 ont été derniérement publiés par Jean Joseph Allezard ancien Capitaine de Marine et plusieurs des autres corrigés. Livourne: Chez Joseph Gamba. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://cartotecadigital.icgc.cat/digital/collection/atles/id/100/
  • Arrian & Chaussard, P.J-B. (1804). Histoire des expéditions d'Alexandre, rédigée sur les mémoires de Ptolémée et d’Aristobule ses lieutenants, par Flave Arrien, de Nicomédie, surnommé le nouveau Xénophon, consul et general romain, disciple d’Epictéte. Paris: Charles Pougens.
  • Balletti, C. (2006) Georeference in the analysis of the geometric content of early maps. e-Perimetron, 1(1), 32-39.
  • Bean, G.E., & Cook, J.M. (1955). The Halicarnassus Peninsula. Annual of the British School at Athens, 50, 85-171.
  • Beaufort, F.R.S. (1817). Karamania, or A Brief Description of the South Coast of Asia Minor and the Remains of Antiquity. London: R. Hunter. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/beaufort1817
  • Borra, G.B. (1750). Topographical Map of Halicarnassus at its Harbor. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:27018
  • Borra, G.B. (1751). Wood 16. Another sketchbook in pencil and ink by Borra, covering Naples, Asia Minor and Egypt. Giovanni Battista Borra. (Unpublished) Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/9486/
  • Braudel, F. (1972). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II. London: Fontana.
  • Brummett, P. (2020). Chapter 11 - Visualizing Ottoman Space: Choiseul-Gouffier and the Passage through Anatolia, 1776. In F. Castiglione, E. Menchinger, & V. Simsek (Eds), Ottoman War and Peace: Studies in Honor of Virginia H. Aksan (pp. 193-207). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
  • Buondelmonti, Cristoforo (1465-1475). Liber Insularum Arcipelagi. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b55010482q
  • Cajthaml, J. (2011) Methods of georeferencing old maps on the example of Czech early maps. In Proceedings of the 25th International Cartographic Conference. Paris: International Cartographic Association.
  • Choiseul-Gouffier, M.G.F.A. (1782). Voyage Pittoresque de la Grece: Tome premier. A Paris. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8449081d.texteImage#
  • Della Dora, V. (2007). Geo-strategy and the persistence of antiquity: surveying mythical hydrographies in the eastern Mediterranean, 1784–1869. Journal of Historical Geography, 33(3), 514-541.
  • Duggan, T.M.P. (2017). Depicting and Charting the Southern Coastline of Anatolia – Record of the Later Toponyms of Phaselis: Palyopoli-Paleopolis, Tekiroba, Gironda-Phionda-Fironda-Fionda – The 1812 Report of Rapid Coastal Erosion – The (Doubtful?) Islands and Evidence leading Towards a Date for the Collapse of the Upper Courses of the Inner Harbour Arm at Ancient Phaselis, Antalya. Phaselis, 3, 1-48.
  • Emiralioglu, P. (2016). Geographical knowledge and imperial culture in the early modern Ottoman Empire. London: Routledge.
  • Erdoğru, M.A., & Özgiray A. (2017) Bodrum Yarimadasinin Tarihi Cografyasi. Bodrum: Halikarnas Matbaacilik.
  • Ethington, P.J. (2007). Placing the past: ‘Groundwork’ for a spatial theory of history. Rethinking History, 11(4), 465-493.
  • Evliya Çelebi (1935). Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi, Anadolu, Suriye, Hicaz (1671-1672) - Dokuzuncu Cilt. Istanbul: Devlet Matbaasi.
  • Faričić, J., & Mirošević, L. (2017). Carta di cabotaggio del Mare Adriatico (1822–1824): A Turning-Point in the Development of Adriatic Maritime Cartography. Imago Mundi, 69(1), 99-111.
  • Friendly, A. (1977). Beaufort of the Admiralty: The Life of Sir Francis Beaufort 1774–1857. London: Hutchinson and Company.
  • Gür, B. (2012). Minos, Miken ve Hititler Ekseninde Batı Anadolu’daki Muhtemel Sömürgecilik Faaliyetleri, The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 5 (6), 233-249.
  • Halikarnas Balıkçısı (1991). Altinci Kita Akdeniz. Sadan Gokovali (Ed.), Ankara: Bilgi Yayinevi.
  • Harley, J.B. (1989a). Historical geography and the cartographic illusion. Journal of Historical Geography, 15(1), 80-91.
  • Harley, J.B. (1989b). Deconstructing the Map. Cartographica, 26(2), 1-20.
  • Herrault, P.A., Sheeren, D., Fauvel, M., Monteil, C., & Paegelow, M. (2013). A comparative study of geometric transformation models for the historical ‘Map of France’ registration. Geographia Technica, 1, 34-46.
  • Hutton, C.A. (1927). The Travels of ‘Palmyra’ Wood in 1750-51. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 47(1), 102-128.
  • Johnson, B. (2004). The modest life and times of Joseph Roux: A hydrographer of 18th century Marseilles. IMCoS Journal, (96), 27–37.
  • Laiou, A. (2003). Marino Sanudo Torsello, Bizans ve Türkler: 1332- 1334 Türklere Karşı İttifakın Perde Arkası, Çev. Murat Keçiş, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, XXII/34, 183-205.
  • Lowe, C.G. (1936). Fauvel's first trip through Greece. Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 5(2), 206-224.
  • Maden, F., & Eğilmez, M. (2018). Osmanli Donemi Bodrum Cami ve Mescitleri. History Studies, 10(3), 155-178.
  • Maempel, G.Z. (1986). TAB Spratt (1811–88) and his contribution to maltese geology. Melita Historica, 9(3), 271-308.
  • Mcnicoll, A. W., Milner, N.P. (1997). Hellenistic Fortifications from the Aegean to The Euphrates, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Metin, T. (2014) Ortaçağ Akdenizinde Menteşe Beyliğinin İktisadi Faaliyetleri ve At Ticareti, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 173(173), 255-272.
  • Mighetto, P. (1995). Viaggiatori in oriente 1749-1857: studi dell'architettura antica deli Asia Minore, attraverso le relazioni dei viaggiatori europei nell Impero Ottomano, rel. Donatella Ronchetta, Politecnico di Torino, Facoltà di Architettura II (pp. 306-309) Retrieved from https://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/hierapolis/old/hierapolis/viaggiatori/DEFAULT.HTM
  • Nemlioğlu Koca, Y. (2018). Denizlerimizi Aydınlatanlar: Turkiye’de Fenerlerin Kurulusu ve Gelisimi. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 6(2), 103-117.
  • Nemlioğlu Koca, Y. (2020). Reading Geography: A Systematic Evaluation on Kitâb-ı Bahriye (Book of Navigation) Copies. International Journal of Geography and Geography Education, (42), 504-526.
  • Newton, C.T., & Pullan, R.P. (1862). A History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus & Branchidæ. London: Day & Son.
  • Özveren, E. (2017). The Fisherman of Halicarnassus and Fernand Braudel: Less than a Full Mediterranean Crossing. Meltem Izmir Akdeniz Akademisi Dergisi. (1), 9-22.
  • Panecki, T. (2015). The evaluation of archival maps in geohistorical research. Miscellanea Geographica, 19(4), 72-77.
  • Papachristou, M., & Pazarli, M. (2011). An interactive secondary education history class project using cartographic heritage interfaces: The Ancient Olympia landscape key-study. e-Perimetron, 6(3), 172-186.
  • Pedley, M. (2012). Enlightenment Cartography at the Sublime Porte: François Kauffer and the Survey of Constantinople. Osmanli Arastirmalari, (39), 28-53.
  • Perreault, A. (2019). Le Liber Insularum Archipelagi: cartographier l’insularité comme outil de légitimation territoriale. Memini. Travaux et documents, (25), 1-19.
  • Pîrî Reis (1521). Kitâb-ı Bahriye. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b60004373.r
  • Pîrî Reis (1526). Kitâb-ı Bahriye. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000438h; and https://archive.org/details/pirireismapkitabibahriyeorbookoftheseapirireis/page/n61/mode/2up
  • Podobnikar, T. & Šinkovec, I. (2004) Ljubljana-mutual analyses of the georeferenced old maps. Javno dobro: indentifikacija, upotreba, upravljanje, dizajn: zbornik radova, Centar za planiranje urbanog razvoja, 67-73.
  • Podobnikar, T. (2010). Historical maps of Ljubljana for GIS applications. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica, 45(1), 80-88.
  • Sır, A.N. (2015). Kitâb-ı Bahriye'nin Dibacesinde Deniz İmgesi. In: C. Yemisçi, T.E. Çakır, M.G. Beydiz, & C. Çoban (Eds.), 2nd International Symposium of Turgut Reis and Turkish Maritime History - Vol. 1 (243-263). Bodrum: Halikarnas Matbaacilik.
  • Sonetti, Bartolomeo Da Li (1485). Isolario. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b55007621n
  • Tolias, G. (2007). Isolarii, fifteenth to seventeenth century. In D. Woodward (Ed.), The History of Cartography - Volume Three (Part 1) - Cartography in the European Renaissance (pp. 263-284). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://press.uchicago.edu/books/HOC/HOC_V3_Pt1/Volume3_Part1.html
  • Tolias, G. (2012). The politics of the isolario: Maritime cosmography and overseas expansion during the Renaissance. The Historical Review / La Revue Historique, 9, 27-52.
  • UKHO (1847) Asia Minor, Budrum, the Ancient Halicarnassus surveyed by Commander Thomas Spratt of H.M.S. Volage. Published at the Admiralty April 9th 1851, Engraved by J. & C. Walker. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/agdm/id/8550/rec/119
  • Vitruvius, & Morgan, M.H. (1914). The ten books on architecture. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Yilmaz, I. (2010). The Kitâb-ı Bahriye (Book of Navigation) of Pîrî Reis. The Cartographic Journal, 47(3), 278-283.ambridge University Press.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Human Geography, Architecture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Burak Beyhan 0000-0001-7301-4639

Feray Koca 0000-0003-0351-8123

Publication Date January 30, 2023
Submission Date February 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Beyhan, B., & Koca, F. (2023). Depiction of Bodrum Halicarnassus in the historical cartographic materials between 15th and 19th Centuries. GRID - Architecture Planning and Design Journal, 6(1), 205-232. https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1073432