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Günümüzün çok ölçekli, çok işlevli, çok paradigmalı bilim dünyasında, planlama süreçlerini tasarlamak

Year 2023, Volume: 6 , 1 - 18, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1111083

Abstract

Bu yazıda günümüzde bir profesyonel plancının, kendi alanına özgü bir planlama süreci tasarlamasına yardımcı olacak düşünce kanalları ve yaklaşımları kurgulanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Böyle bir yaklaşım kurgulanırken günümüzde planlama faaliyetlerinin i) iyi/doğru karar vermek, ii) toplumda varlığı kabul edilmiş sorunlara çözüm bulmak ve iii) toplumda var olan değişim ve dönüşümü yönlendirmek diye farklılaştığı kabul edilmektedir. Bu planlama faaliyetlerinin farklılaşmasının ikinci boyutunu kullanılan bilimsel bilgi paradigmaları belirlemektedir. Bunların en eskisini temsili bilimler oluşturmaktadır. Plancılar onu araçsal bir rasyonelliği gerçekleştirirken kullanmaktadır. Bunu 1980’li yıllar sonrasında yapılanmacı (constructivist) bilimsel bilgi anlayışı izlemiş, iletişimsel rasyonalite ve müzakereci (deliberative) planlama sürecinin gelişmesine yol açmıştır. 2000’li yılardan sonra ise bunlara “temsili olmayan bilimler” eklenmiştir. Planlama faaliyetlerinin farklılaşmasının üçüncü boyutunu eylemi yapanın ölçeksel ayrışması oluşturmaktadır: i) bireyler, ii) küçük gruplar ve iii) komüniteler. Bu üç boyutlu sınıflandırmada günümüz plancıları için 27 seçenekli bir planlama yelpazesi elde edilmiş olmaktadır. Yazının devam eden kısmında ise komünite ölçeğinde planlama görevleri alan bir plancının, haklar temelli ve o komünitede demokrasi açığını azaltan bir planlama sürecini tasarlamasına/seçmeler yapmasına yardımcı olabilecek temel konularda kuramsal tartışmalar açılmaktadır. Ayrıca günümüzde gelişmekte olan temsil dışı kuramlar ve paradigma değişikliği konusunda devre dışı kalınmak istenmiyorsa, bu yeni paradigmanın günümüz dünyasında derinleşen eşitsizlik karşısında yapabilecekleri konusunda bir çözümleme yapmak gerektiğine dikkat çekilmektedir.

References

  • Beetham, D. (1991). Towards a Social-scientific Concept of Legitimacy. In The Legitimation of Power. Issues in Political Theory. Palgrave.
  • Blokland, T. (2017). Community as Urban Practices. Polity Press.
  • Buser, M. (2014). “Thinking Through Non-Representational and Affective Atmospheres in Planning Theory and Practice.” Planning Theory, 13(3), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095213491744
  • Burr, V. (2003). An Introduction to Social Constructivism. Routledge.
  • Clough, P. T. (2010). The Affective Turn: Political Economy, Biomedia, and Bodies. In M. Gregg & G. J. Seigworth (Eds.), The Affect Theory Reader (pp. 206–225). Duke University Press.
  • Delanda, M. (2016). Assemblage Theory. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Forrester, J. (1999). The Deliberative Practitioner, Encouraging Participatory Planning Process. The MIT Press.
  • Friedmann, J. (1998). Planning Theory Revisited. European Planning Studies, 6(3), 245–253.
  • Gastil, J. (1993). Identifying obstacles to small group democracy. Small Group Research, 24(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496493241002
  • Goldkuhl, G. (2001). Communicative vs Material Actions: Instrumentality, Sociality and Comprehensibility. 6th Int Workshop on the Language Action Perspective (LAP2001). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2376629
  • Habermas, J. (2001). İletişimsel Eylem Kuramı. Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative Planning. Macmillan Press.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking Fast and Slow. Penguin Books.
  • Kühn, M. (2021). Agonistic Planning Theory Revisited: The Planners Role in Conflict. Planning Theory, 20(2), 143–156.
  • Mannheim, K. (1940). Man and Society in an Age of Social Reconstruction. New York: Harcourt Brace.
  • March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. John Wiley & Sons Inc. Publishers.
  • Martin, R. (1997). Civil Rights. In A System of Rights (pp. 98–126). Clarendon Press.
  • Massumi, B. (2015). Politics of Affect. Polity Press.
  • Morrison, J. L., Renfro, W. L., & Boucher, W. I. (Eds.). (1983). Applying Methods and Techniques of Futures Resarch: New Directions for Institutional Research. Jossey-Bass.
  • Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
  • Sinclair, M., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2005). “Intuition: Myth or a Decision-making Tool?”, Management Learning, 36(3), 353–370.
  • Tan, K.-C. (2000). Individual Rights and State Sovereignity. In Toleration, Diversity and Social Justice (pp. 79–102). Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2020). “İzmir İçin Kamu Alanı ve Kent Düzeyinde Bir Komünite Oluşturma Stratejisi”, Yeniden Akdeniz, İzmir, İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Akdeniz Akademisi.
  • Thrift, N. (2008). Non-Representational Theory: Space, Politics, Affect. Routledge.
  • Tomkins, S. (1962). Affect Imagery Consciousness. Springer.
  • Weber, M., Henderson, A. M., & Parsons, T. (2012). Max Weber: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Martino Publishing.

Designing the planning processes in today's multiscale, multifunctional, multiparadigm science world

Year 2023, Volume: 6 , 1 - 18, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1111083

Abstract

This article tries to construct approaches to help professional planners design a planning process specific to their fields. While such an approach is being constructed, it is accepted that today's planning activities are differentiated as 1) making good/correct decisions, 2) finding solutions to the problems that have been accepted in society, and 3) directing the existing change and transformation of society. The second dimension of the differentiation of these planning activities is determined by the scientific paradigms used. The oldest of them is representational science. Planners use this approach while realizing instrumental rationality. This was followed by the constructivist understanding of scientific knowledge after the 1980s and led to the development of communicative rationality and the deliberative planning process. After the 2000s, 'non-representational theories' have emerged additionally. The third dimension of differentiation in planning activities is the scale differentiation of the action takers: 1) individuals, 2) small groups, and 3) communities. This three-dimensional classification obtains a planning spectrum with 27 options for today's planners. In the following part of the article, theoretical discussions are opened on the fundamental issues that can help a planner who takes planning tasks at the community scale to design/make choices on a rights-based planning process that reduces the democracy gap in that community. In addition, it is pointed out that if one does not want to be unrelated/passive about the developing non-representational theories and paradigm change, it is necessary to analyze what this new paradigm can contribute in the face of deepening inequality in today's world.

References

  • Beetham, D. (1991). Towards a Social-scientific Concept of Legitimacy. In The Legitimation of Power. Issues in Political Theory. Palgrave.
  • Blokland, T. (2017). Community as Urban Practices. Polity Press.
  • Buser, M. (2014). “Thinking Through Non-Representational and Affective Atmospheres in Planning Theory and Practice.” Planning Theory, 13(3), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095213491744
  • Burr, V. (2003). An Introduction to Social Constructivism. Routledge.
  • Clough, P. T. (2010). The Affective Turn: Political Economy, Biomedia, and Bodies. In M. Gregg & G. J. Seigworth (Eds.), The Affect Theory Reader (pp. 206–225). Duke University Press.
  • Delanda, M. (2016). Assemblage Theory. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Forrester, J. (1999). The Deliberative Practitioner, Encouraging Participatory Planning Process. The MIT Press.
  • Friedmann, J. (1998). Planning Theory Revisited. European Planning Studies, 6(3), 245–253.
  • Gastil, J. (1993). Identifying obstacles to small group democracy. Small Group Research, 24(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496493241002
  • Goldkuhl, G. (2001). Communicative vs Material Actions: Instrumentality, Sociality and Comprehensibility. 6th Int Workshop on the Language Action Perspective (LAP2001). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2376629
  • Habermas, J. (2001). İletişimsel Eylem Kuramı. Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative Planning. Macmillan Press.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking Fast and Slow. Penguin Books.
  • Kühn, M. (2021). Agonistic Planning Theory Revisited: The Planners Role in Conflict. Planning Theory, 20(2), 143–156.
  • Mannheim, K. (1940). Man and Society in an Age of Social Reconstruction. New York: Harcourt Brace.
  • March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. John Wiley & Sons Inc. Publishers.
  • Martin, R. (1997). Civil Rights. In A System of Rights (pp. 98–126). Clarendon Press.
  • Massumi, B. (2015). Politics of Affect. Polity Press.
  • Morrison, J. L., Renfro, W. L., & Boucher, W. I. (Eds.). (1983). Applying Methods and Techniques of Futures Resarch: New Directions for Institutional Research. Jossey-Bass.
  • Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
  • Sinclair, M., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2005). “Intuition: Myth or a Decision-making Tool?”, Management Learning, 36(3), 353–370.
  • Tan, K.-C. (2000). Individual Rights and State Sovereignity. In Toleration, Diversity and Social Justice (pp. 79–102). Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2020). “İzmir İçin Kamu Alanı ve Kent Düzeyinde Bir Komünite Oluşturma Stratejisi”, Yeniden Akdeniz, İzmir, İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Akdeniz Akademisi.
  • Thrift, N. (2008). Non-Representational Theory: Space, Politics, Affect. Routledge.
  • Tomkins, S. (1962). Affect Imagery Consciousness. Springer.
  • Weber, M., Henderson, A. M., & Parsons, T. (2012). Max Weber: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Martino Publishing.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İlhan Tekeli 0000-0001-6201-940X

Publication Date March 28, 2023
Submission Date April 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6

Cite

APA Tekeli, İ. (2023). Günümüzün çok ölçekli, çok işlevli, çok paradigmalı bilim dünyasında, planlama süreçlerini tasarlamak. GRID - Architecture Planning and Design Journal, 6, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1111083