Research Article
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Leh Göçünün Kültürel Sembolü: Czestochowa Meryem Ana ve Aziz August Czartoryski Kilisesi

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 341 - 373, 17.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1091847

Abstract

21.yüzyılda tartışılan konuların başında gelen göç kavramı; kentsel mekânlar üzerindeki etkisi nedeniyle mimarlık tarihi araştırmaları açısından da önem taşımaktadır. Tarih boyunca yaşanan göç hareketlerinin yaratmış olduğu mekânsal pratikler günümüzdeki çalışmalar için yol gösterici olmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında 19.yüzyıl ikinci yarısı itibariyle İstanbul’a göçen Lehlerin, günümüz ismiyle Polonyalıların göçü ve bu göç hareketinin kent mekanlarına etkisinin mimari açıdan incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Leh göçmenler İstanbul’da Adampol isminde bir koloni yerleşimi kurmayı başarmıştır. Bu çalışmada günümüzde Polonezköy olarak bilinen bu yerleşimin kurulma süreci araştırılmıştır. Köyde yer alan ve günümüze kadar ulaşmış olan Czestochowa Meryem Ana Kilisesi ile ilgili arşiv ve yerinde gözlem çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın analiz kısmında kilise üzerine kroki çizimleri yapılmış, mimarı bakış açışı ile uslup ve kültürel yansımalar değerlendirilmiştir. Mimarlık disiplini altında kilise hakkında literatürde farklı bir araştırmanın yer almaması ve göçmenlerin kültürel kimliklerini mekansal boyutta sürdürmelerine örnek teşkil eden bir yapı olması çalışmanın özgünlüğünü arttırmaktadır.

References

  • Adamska, J. (2004). Polonezkoy Adampol. (trans, B. Uzunkaya) Warszawa: Savaşlar ve Savaş Acıları Hatıratını Koruma Kurumu, Rada Ochrony Pamieci Walk i Meczenstwa Press.
  • Adamska, J. (2015). Adampol/Polonezköy Czestochowa Meryem Ana ve Aziz August Czartoryski Kilisesi, (trans. P. Dominik) İstanbul: Polish Consulate General in Istanbul.
  • Akova, A. (2014). The Eagle Under The Crescent and Star Polonezkoy, (trans. L. Çapan) Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministery of Culture and Tourism Publications.
  • Alaçam, S. (1943). Polonya.İstanbul: Ülkü Kitap Yurdu Press.
  • Alpman, N. (2020). İstanbul'da Bir Polonya Köyü Polonezköy. Saro Dadyan (ed) In İstanbul'un Renkleri (146-177) İstanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Press.
  • Antonowicz-Bauer, L. (1990). Polonezköyü Adampol. (Trans. Y. Santepe) İstanbul: Çelik Gülersoy Vakfı İstanbul Kütüphanesi Press.
  • Berry, R. A. (1992). Polish Diplomatic Activities in the Ottoman Empire 1832–48: The Influence of the Hotel Lambert on Ottoman Policy. Morison J. (eds) In Eastern Europe and the West (26-51) London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chastain J. (1997, 2004). Great Polish Political Emigration 1831–1870. Encyclopedia of 1848. Retrieved from Revolutions ohio.edu.
  • Chilton, B. G. (2018). Reference Guide to the Biblical Symbolism of Colors. Retrieved from BellatorChristi.com,
  • Cavanaugh J. (2000). Out Looking In: Early Modern Polish Art 1890-1918, California: University of California Press.
  • Dominik P., Papież K.and Połczyński M., Mapa Sladami Polskiej Emigracji w Poznoosmankim Stambule Retrieved from polskistambul.blogspot.
  • Dopierala K. (1983). Dzıeje Duszpasterstwa w Adampolu Polonezkoy. Lublin: Studia Polonijne, (T.6), 245-264. Retrieved from https://ojs.tnkul.pl/index.php/sp/article/view/2886/2865.
  • Duydu M. (2016). The socio-cultural study of Polonezköy (Adampol) settled who are living in Polonezköy [Unpublished master’s thesis], Cumhuriyet Unıversity.
  • Ersoy M. (2016), Göç Olgusunu Nasıl Okumalı?, Mimarlık, (391), Retrieved from http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&DergiSayi=405&RecID=4019.
  • Forrestal A. (2017). Vincent de Paul, the Lazarist Mission, and French Catholic Reform. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hahn H.H (1992). Possibilities and Limitations of Foreign Policy Exile: Adam Jerzy Czartoryski’s Hotel Lambert in Western Europe, 1831–40. In: Morison J. (eds) In: Eastern Europe and the West (3-25) London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • İçduygu A., Biehl K. (2012). Türkiye'ye Yönelik Göçün Değişen Yörüngesi. In: Ahmet İçduygu(ed). In: Kentler ve Göç. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi University Press (9-72).
  • İpek, N. (2015). Fetihten Cumhuriyet’e İstanbul’a Yönelik Göçler, In: Antik Çağ’dan XXI. Yüzyıla Büyük İstanbul Tarihi, İstanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (Kültür A.Ş.) Press.
  • Kara, G. (2016). Polonezköy ‘ün Kurucularından Çaykovski Mehmet Sadık Paşa'nın Osmanlı Anıları, Konya: Kömen Press.
  • Karpat K. H. (2002). Osmanlı Modernleşmesi Toplum Kuramsal Değişim ve Nüfus Ankara: İmge Press, 2002.
  • Karpat, K. H. (2015). Önsöz M. M. Erdogan and A. Kaya (eds). In: Türkiye’nin Göç Tarihi, 14. Yüzyıldan 21. Yüzyıla Türkiye’ye Göçler İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Universitey Press.
  • Kivisto, P. (2010). The transplanted then and now: The reorientation of immigration studies from the Chicago School to the new social history, Ethnic and Racial Studies,13: 4,455-481.
  • Latka, J. S. (1991). Eski Fotoğraflarda Polonezköy (Adampol), (trans: A. Sarkady and N. Sarkady). İstanbul: With the contribution of the Polish Ministry of Culture, Kavala Group, and Bali Makine Industry and Trade Inc.
  • Latka, J. S. (1992). Polonezköy Adampol Cenetten Bir Köşe. İstanbul: Anadolu Sanat Press.
  • Lozanovska, M. (2016). Ethno-architecture and the Politics of Migration. NY: Routledge Press.
  • Marmara, R. (2006). Bizans'tan Günümüze İstanbul Latin Cemaati ve Kilisesi, (trans. S. Özen) İstanbul: Kitap Press.
  • Mierzwa, J. (2015). Polish-Turkish Relations in the 19th and 20th centuries: The Struggle for Independence and
  • Modernization, Journal of Economics and Management. 20(A), 6-21. Retrieved from https://www.ue.katowice.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/wydawnictwo/JEM_Artyku%C5%82y_1_30/JEM_20A/01.pdf.
  • Min, P. G. (1992). The Structure and Social Functions of Korean Immigrant, International Migration Review, 26(4),1370–1394. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2546887.
  • National Museum in Krakow/Princes Czartoryski Museum, (1853). Adampol - osada polska w Turcji. „Colonies d’ Adampol. 1853 à 59. Tome V”., 394 strony, 2 karty ochronne, dodatkowe strony 61 a-362 a luźne s. 153-156, 161-164, 181-182, 191-194; 46 x 31 cm i mniej, sygn. 17-rkps-6730 IV (The map was obtained (digital) directly from the Prince Czartoryski National Museum (Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie) in 05.08.2020).
  • Niedźwiedź, A. (2010). The Image And The Figure: Our Lady Of Czestochowa In Polish Culture And Popular Religion. Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press.
  • Nykiel, P. (2014). Birinci Dünya Harbi Döneminde Polonyalılar ile Türkler Arasındaki Askeri İlişkiler.Naval Operations In The Dardanelles 1915. Retrieved from: https://navyingallipoli.com/pdfs/askeriiliskiler.pdf.
  • Onur, H (1991). Korunması Gerekli Mimari Anıtlara Ek Yapı Tasarımında İlkeler [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], MSGSU.
  • Reychman, J (1971). Polacy w Turcji. Problemy Polonii Zagranicznej.
  • Ritzmann, N. (2016). Efkaristiya Bayramı Polonezköy ‘de Kutlandı. Retrieved from https://haber.sat7turk.com/efkaristiya-bayrami-polonezkoyde-kutlandi/
  • Schrader, F. (2015). (trans. K. Çalışkan) İstanbul 100 Yıl Öncesine Bir Bakış.İstanbul: Remzi Press.
  • Şimşir, B.N (1970). Turkish Emigrations From The Balkans Documents II. Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press.
  • Tajfel, H. and Turner, J.C. (1986). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior. In: Worchel, S. and Austin, W.G., Eds., Psychology of Intergroup Relation, Hall Publishers, Chicago, 7-24.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2008). Göç ve Ötesi, Tarih Vakfi Yurt Press.
  • Üstüner Topaktaş, H. (2021). Polonezköy 180 Yıllık Mazi, S. G. Özden (ed). İstanbul: Beykoz Belediyesi Kültür Press No:49.
  • Zakar, L. (2018). Constructional Performance Integration Assessment Model For Historical Building Extension Design [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], MSGSU.
  • Ziolkowski, P. (1989). Adampol-Polonezkeuy Colonie Polonaise en Asie-Mineure Notes Historiques, İstanbul: Publie par les Editions Isıs Press.
  • Zubrzycki, J. (1953). Emigration from Poland in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Population Studies, Volume 6, no. 3, 248–72. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2172378.
  • BEO: Bâb-ı Âlî Evrak Odası: 1906 (H-20-08-1324), File No: 2923 Folder No: 219203 , 1898 (H-20-08-1315), File No: 1068, Folder No: 80093
  • DH.İD: Dahiliye Nezâreti İdare: 1914 (H-16-05-1332), File No:162, Folder: 27.
  • HR.MKT : Mektubî Kalemi Belgeleri: 1854 (H-22-01-1271), File No: 90, Folder no: 6. , 1865 (H-11-02-1282), File No: 521, Folder No: 36 and 1865 (H-11-02-1282), File No: 521, Folder No: 33.
  • İ.DH : İrade Dahiliye: 1893 (H-07-01-1311), File No: 1306, Folder no: 5
  • İ.HR: İrâde Hariciye: 1857 (H-04-03-1274), File No:149 Folder No:7832
  • İ.HUS: İrade Hususi: 1906 (H-23-08-1324), File No: 146 Folder No:57.
  • İ.MMS:İrâde Meclis-i Mahsûs: 1914 (H-08-02-1332), File No:175, Folder:23.
  • MF.MKT: Mektubi Kalemi: 1895 (H-11-05-1313), File:290, Folder No:17.
  • ŞD: Şûrâ-yı Devlet: 1893 (H-22-12-1310), File No: 347 Folder No:77., 1913 (H-21-01-1332), File No: 2383, Folder No: 5.
  • Y. PRK.ZB: Yıldız Perakende Evrakı Zabtiye Nezareti Maruzatı: 1901 (H-07-02-1319), File No: 27, Folder No:39.
  • ZB: Zabtiye Nezâreti: 1906 (R-25-07-1322), File No: 374 Folder No: 62., 1907 (R-24-01-1323), File No: 475, Folder No: 3.

Church of Virgin Mary of Czestochowa and Beatified August Czartoryski: A Cultural Symbol of Polish Migration

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 341 - 373, 17.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1091847

Abstract

The phenomenon of migration, which is one of the concepts discussed in the 21st century, is a topic of academic research in terms of architectural history due to its impact on urban spaces. The spatial practices caused by migration movements throughout history have been a guide to today's studies. Therefore, a case study is conducted to examine the migration-urban-space relationship of Poles, who migrated to Istanbul by the mid-19th century, achieved to establish an autonomous colony settlement, Adampol, and strived to build a church there.
This study begins by looking at the migration process and the establishment of the village. Subsequently, a thorough examination is conducted on the Church of Virgin Mary of Czestochowa and Beatified August Czartoryski which still stands today. Drawings of the church are produced and examined from an architectural point of view. The lack of research regarding this church within architecture creates a unique aspect of this study, setting an example for immigrants to keep their ethnic and religious roots alive in physical spaces even when in another country.
.

Thanks

We thank Barbara Ohotski for giving us the necessary permission to research the church and giving detailed information about building. Also thanks to her husband Daniel Ohotski for patiently answering questions that we could not find in the literature, and Frederik Novvicki for informing us about the history of the village.

References

  • Adamska, J. (2004). Polonezkoy Adampol. (trans, B. Uzunkaya) Warszawa: Savaşlar ve Savaş Acıları Hatıratını Koruma Kurumu, Rada Ochrony Pamieci Walk i Meczenstwa Press.
  • Adamska, J. (2015). Adampol/Polonezköy Czestochowa Meryem Ana ve Aziz August Czartoryski Kilisesi, (trans. P. Dominik) İstanbul: Polish Consulate General in Istanbul.
  • Akova, A. (2014). The Eagle Under The Crescent and Star Polonezkoy, (trans. L. Çapan) Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministery of Culture and Tourism Publications.
  • Alaçam, S. (1943). Polonya.İstanbul: Ülkü Kitap Yurdu Press.
  • Alpman, N. (2020). İstanbul'da Bir Polonya Köyü Polonezköy. Saro Dadyan (ed) In İstanbul'un Renkleri (146-177) İstanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Press.
  • Antonowicz-Bauer, L. (1990). Polonezköyü Adampol. (Trans. Y. Santepe) İstanbul: Çelik Gülersoy Vakfı İstanbul Kütüphanesi Press.
  • Berry, R. A. (1992). Polish Diplomatic Activities in the Ottoman Empire 1832–48: The Influence of the Hotel Lambert on Ottoman Policy. Morison J. (eds) In Eastern Europe and the West (26-51) London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chastain J. (1997, 2004). Great Polish Political Emigration 1831–1870. Encyclopedia of 1848. Retrieved from Revolutions ohio.edu.
  • Chilton, B. G. (2018). Reference Guide to the Biblical Symbolism of Colors. Retrieved from BellatorChristi.com,
  • Cavanaugh J. (2000). Out Looking In: Early Modern Polish Art 1890-1918, California: University of California Press.
  • Dominik P., Papież K.and Połczyński M., Mapa Sladami Polskiej Emigracji w Poznoosmankim Stambule Retrieved from polskistambul.blogspot.
  • Dopierala K. (1983). Dzıeje Duszpasterstwa w Adampolu Polonezkoy. Lublin: Studia Polonijne, (T.6), 245-264. Retrieved from https://ojs.tnkul.pl/index.php/sp/article/view/2886/2865.
  • Duydu M. (2016). The socio-cultural study of Polonezköy (Adampol) settled who are living in Polonezköy [Unpublished master’s thesis], Cumhuriyet Unıversity.
  • Ersoy M. (2016), Göç Olgusunu Nasıl Okumalı?, Mimarlık, (391), Retrieved from http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&DergiSayi=405&RecID=4019.
  • Forrestal A. (2017). Vincent de Paul, the Lazarist Mission, and French Catholic Reform. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hahn H.H (1992). Possibilities and Limitations of Foreign Policy Exile: Adam Jerzy Czartoryski’s Hotel Lambert in Western Europe, 1831–40. In: Morison J. (eds) In: Eastern Europe and the West (3-25) London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • İçduygu A., Biehl K. (2012). Türkiye'ye Yönelik Göçün Değişen Yörüngesi. In: Ahmet İçduygu(ed). In: Kentler ve Göç. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi University Press (9-72).
  • İpek, N. (2015). Fetihten Cumhuriyet’e İstanbul’a Yönelik Göçler, In: Antik Çağ’dan XXI. Yüzyıla Büyük İstanbul Tarihi, İstanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (Kültür A.Ş.) Press.
  • Kara, G. (2016). Polonezköy ‘ün Kurucularından Çaykovski Mehmet Sadık Paşa'nın Osmanlı Anıları, Konya: Kömen Press.
  • Karpat K. H. (2002). Osmanlı Modernleşmesi Toplum Kuramsal Değişim ve Nüfus Ankara: İmge Press, 2002.
  • Karpat, K. H. (2015). Önsöz M. M. Erdogan and A. Kaya (eds). In: Türkiye’nin Göç Tarihi, 14. Yüzyıldan 21. Yüzyıla Türkiye’ye Göçler İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Universitey Press.
  • Kivisto, P. (2010). The transplanted then and now: The reorientation of immigration studies from the Chicago School to the new social history, Ethnic and Racial Studies,13: 4,455-481.
  • Latka, J. S. (1991). Eski Fotoğraflarda Polonezköy (Adampol), (trans: A. Sarkady and N. Sarkady). İstanbul: With the contribution of the Polish Ministry of Culture, Kavala Group, and Bali Makine Industry and Trade Inc.
  • Latka, J. S. (1992). Polonezköy Adampol Cenetten Bir Köşe. İstanbul: Anadolu Sanat Press.
  • Lozanovska, M. (2016). Ethno-architecture and the Politics of Migration. NY: Routledge Press.
  • Marmara, R. (2006). Bizans'tan Günümüze İstanbul Latin Cemaati ve Kilisesi, (trans. S. Özen) İstanbul: Kitap Press.
  • Mierzwa, J. (2015). Polish-Turkish Relations in the 19th and 20th centuries: The Struggle for Independence and
  • Modernization, Journal of Economics and Management. 20(A), 6-21. Retrieved from https://www.ue.katowice.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/wydawnictwo/JEM_Artyku%C5%82y_1_30/JEM_20A/01.pdf.
  • Min, P. G. (1992). The Structure and Social Functions of Korean Immigrant, International Migration Review, 26(4),1370–1394. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2546887.
  • National Museum in Krakow/Princes Czartoryski Museum, (1853). Adampol - osada polska w Turcji. „Colonies d’ Adampol. 1853 à 59. Tome V”., 394 strony, 2 karty ochronne, dodatkowe strony 61 a-362 a luźne s. 153-156, 161-164, 181-182, 191-194; 46 x 31 cm i mniej, sygn. 17-rkps-6730 IV (The map was obtained (digital) directly from the Prince Czartoryski National Museum (Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie) in 05.08.2020).
  • Niedźwiedź, A. (2010). The Image And The Figure: Our Lady Of Czestochowa In Polish Culture And Popular Religion. Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press.
  • Nykiel, P. (2014). Birinci Dünya Harbi Döneminde Polonyalılar ile Türkler Arasındaki Askeri İlişkiler.Naval Operations In The Dardanelles 1915. Retrieved from: https://navyingallipoli.com/pdfs/askeriiliskiler.pdf.
  • Onur, H (1991). Korunması Gerekli Mimari Anıtlara Ek Yapı Tasarımında İlkeler [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], MSGSU.
  • Reychman, J (1971). Polacy w Turcji. Problemy Polonii Zagranicznej.
  • Ritzmann, N. (2016). Efkaristiya Bayramı Polonezköy ‘de Kutlandı. Retrieved from https://haber.sat7turk.com/efkaristiya-bayrami-polonezkoyde-kutlandi/
  • Schrader, F. (2015). (trans. K. Çalışkan) İstanbul 100 Yıl Öncesine Bir Bakış.İstanbul: Remzi Press.
  • Şimşir, B.N (1970). Turkish Emigrations From The Balkans Documents II. Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press.
  • Tajfel, H. and Turner, J.C. (1986). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior. In: Worchel, S. and Austin, W.G., Eds., Psychology of Intergroup Relation, Hall Publishers, Chicago, 7-24.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2008). Göç ve Ötesi, Tarih Vakfi Yurt Press.
  • Üstüner Topaktaş, H. (2021). Polonezköy 180 Yıllık Mazi, S. G. Özden (ed). İstanbul: Beykoz Belediyesi Kültür Press No:49.
  • Zakar, L. (2018). Constructional Performance Integration Assessment Model For Historical Building Extension Design [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], MSGSU.
  • Ziolkowski, P. (1989). Adampol-Polonezkeuy Colonie Polonaise en Asie-Mineure Notes Historiques, İstanbul: Publie par les Editions Isıs Press.
  • Zubrzycki, J. (1953). Emigration from Poland in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Population Studies, Volume 6, no. 3, 248–72. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2172378.
  • BEO: Bâb-ı Âlî Evrak Odası: 1906 (H-20-08-1324), File No: 2923 Folder No: 219203 , 1898 (H-20-08-1315), File No: 1068, Folder No: 80093
  • DH.İD: Dahiliye Nezâreti İdare: 1914 (H-16-05-1332), File No:162, Folder: 27.
  • HR.MKT : Mektubî Kalemi Belgeleri: 1854 (H-22-01-1271), File No: 90, Folder no: 6. , 1865 (H-11-02-1282), File No: 521, Folder No: 36 and 1865 (H-11-02-1282), File No: 521, Folder No: 33.
  • İ.DH : İrade Dahiliye: 1893 (H-07-01-1311), File No: 1306, Folder no: 5
  • İ.HR: İrâde Hariciye: 1857 (H-04-03-1274), File No:149 Folder No:7832
  • İ.HUS: İrade Hususi: 1906 (H-23-08-1324), File No: 146 Folder No:57.
  • İ.MMS:İrâde Meclis-i Mahsûs: 1914 (H-08-02-1332), File No:175, Folder:23.
  • MF.MKT: Mektubi Kalemi: 1895 (H-11-05-1313), File:290, Folder No:17.
  • ŞD: Şûrâ-yı Devlet: 1893 (H-22-12-1310), File No: 347 Folder No:77., 1913 (H-21-01-1332), File No: 2383, Folder No: 5.
  • Y. PRK.ZB: Yıldız Perakende Evrakı Zabtiye Nezareti Maruzatı: 1901 (H-07-02-1319), File No: 27, Folder No:39.
  • ZB: Zabtiye Nezâreti: 1906 (R-25-07-1322), File No: 374 Folder No: 62., 1907 (R-24-01-1323), File No: 475, Folder No: 3.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Elif Fatma Salihoğlu 0000-0002-9031-4817

Oya Şenyurt 0000-0002-4837-3960

Publication Date July 17, 2023
Submission Date March 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Salihoğlu, E. F., & Şenyurt, O. (2023). Church of Virgin Mary of Czestochowa and Beatified August Czartoryski: A Cultural Symbol of Polish Migration. GRID - Architecture Planning and Design Journal, 6(2), 341-373. https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1091847