EVALUATION OF DIET QUALITY USING THE HEALTHY EATING INDEX IN COLLEGE ATHLETES

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite sporcularında diyet kalitesini ve diyet kalitesi ile ilgili faktörleri incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya yüz yirmi yedi sporcu katılmıştır. Tüm prosedürler Helsinki Bildirgesi ile uyumludur. Anket yardımıyla sporcuların demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve diyet alımları elde edilmiştir. Diyet kalitesi Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi-2015 (HEI-2015) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 21.2±2.3 yıldır. Diyet kalite skorları 19.1 ile 69.7 arasında değişmektedir. Ortalama HEI-2015 toplam skoru 42.8±9.7 olarak bulunmuştur. Hiçbir sporcu iyi diyet kalitesine sahip değildir, sporcuların %75.6'sının diyet kalitesi kötüdür ve %24.4'ünün diyet kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Kadın sporcuların, erkek sporculardan daha yüksek skorlara sahip olduğu HEI-2015 bileşenleri: toplam sebzeler, yeşil sebzeler ve fasulyeler, deniz ürünleri ve bitkisel proteinlerdir (p<0.05). HEI-2015 bileşenlerinden olan tam tahıl skoru her iki cinsiyet için de sıfırdır. HEI-2015 toplam skoru ile yaş, eğitim süresi, spor branşında geçirilen süre ile öğün ve ara öğün sayısı arasında pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Takım sporlarındaki sporcuların ortalama HEI-2015 toplam skoru bireysel sporlardan daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Ayrıca sigara içen sporcuların diyet kalitesi sigara içmeyen sporculara göre daha düşüktür (p<0.05). Sonuç: Üniversite sporcularının çoğunun diyet kalitesi kötüdür. Sporcuların diyet kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Üniversite sporcularında diyet müdahaleleri gereklidir. Sporculara beslenme durumunu, sağlığı ve performansı iyileştirmek için beslenme eğitimi verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beslenmenin değerlendirilmesi
• Sağlıklı yeme indeksi
• Üniversite sporcuları
• Diyet kalitesi
• Beslenme alışkanlıkları

Evaluation of Diet Quality Using the Healthy Eating Index in College Athletes

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the quality of dietary intake and related factors in college athletes. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-seven athletes participated in this cross-sectional study. All procedures were in line with the Helsinki Declaration. Demographic characteristics, nutritional habits, and dietary intakes of the athletes were obtained with the help of the questionnaire. The quality of dietary intake was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Results: The average age of the participants was 21.2±2.3 years. Diet quality scores ranged from 19.1 to 69.7. The mean HEI-2015 total score was 42.8±9.7. No athletes had a good diet, 75.6% had a poor diet, and 24.4% had a diet that needs improvement. Female athletes had higher HEI-2015 scores than male athletes in the following components: total vegetables, greens and beans, and seafood and plant proteins (p<0.05). The whole grains score was zero for both genders. There was a positive correlation between HEI-2015 total score and age, education duration, time spent in sports branch, and the number of meals and snacks (p<0.05). The mean HEI-2015 total score of the athletes in team sports were higher than those from individual sports (p<0.05). Also, the diet quality of the smoker athletes was lower than that of the non-smokers (p<0.05). Conclusion: The diet quality of the majority of the college athletes was poor. The diet quality of the athletes needs modification. In college athletes, dietary interventions are required. Nutrition education should be provided to improve nutritional status, health and performance.

Keywords

• Nutritional assessment
• Healthy eating index
• College athletes
• Diet quality
• Nutritional habits

Kaynakça

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