OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI

Hacer Merve Fidan; Volkan Özkaya

Review

CURRENT DIET APPROACHES APPLIED IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 133 - 145, 30.08.2024

Hacer Merve Fidan , Volkan Özkaya

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive- abnormal behavior, limited interests, and impairments in social communication and interactions. Picky eating habits, gastrointestinal system disorders, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common in individuals with autism. It is known that children with autism make their food choices based on the sensory properties of food such as color, taste, and temperature, and their nutrition is generally limited. Foods with high carbohydrate content are abundant in dietary habits. The prevalence of constipation is high due to inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, limited fiber intake and disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract. Some dietary approaches are applied to improve autism and its symptoms. These include diets such as gluten-free, ketogenic, casein-free, gluten-free and casein-free, low-fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols diet (FODMAP). This review aims to examine alternative dietary approaches and their effects on children with autism spectrum disorder.

Keywords

Autism, nutrition, dietary approaches, ketogenic diet, gluten, casein

References

Masi, A., DeMayo, M. M., Glozier, N., & Guastella, A. J. An overview of autism spectrum disorder, heterogeneity and treatment options. Neuroscience bulletin. 2017; 33(2): 183-193.
2. Volkmar, F. R., & McPartland, J. C. (2014). From Kanner to DSM-5: autism as an evolving diagnostic concept. Annual review of clinical psychology, 10, 193-212.
3. Lord, C., Brugha, T. S., Charman, T., Cusack, J., Dumas, G., Frazier, T., ... & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. Autism spectrum disorder. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2020; 6(1): 1-23.
4. Çekici, H., & Sanlier, N. Current nutritional approaches in managing autism spectrum disorder: A review. Nutritional neuroscience. 2019; 22(3): 145-155.
5. Karhu, E., Zukerman, R., Eshraghi, R. S., Mittal, J., Deth, R. C., Castejon, A. M., ... & Eshraghi, A. A. Nutritional interventions for autism spectrum disorder. Nutrition rewievs. 2020; 78(7): 515-531.
6. Sealey, L. A., Hughes, B. W., Sriskanda, A. N., Guest, J. R., Gibson, A. D., Johnson-Williams, L., ... & Bagasra, O. (2016). Environmental factors in the development of autism spectrum disorders. Environment international, 88, 288-298.
7. Bougeard, C., Picarel-Blanchot, F., Schmid, R., Campbell, R., & Buitelaar, J. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and co-morbidities in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2021; 12: 744709.
8. Oner, O., & Munir, K. M. Modified checklist for autism in toddlers revised (MCHAT-R/F) in an urban metropolitan sample of young children in Turkey. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2020; 50: 3312-3319.
9. Gogou, M., & Kolios, G. Are therapeutic diets an emerging additional choice in autism spectrum disorder management?. World Journal of Pediatrics. 2018; 14(3): 215-223.
10. Raspini, B., Prosperi, M., Guiducci, L., Santocchi, E., Tancredi, R., Calderoni, S., ... & Cena, H. Dietary Patterns and Weight Status in Italian Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children. Nutrients. 2021; 13(11): 4039.
11. Sharp, W. G., Postorino, V., McCracken, C. E., Berry, R. C., Criado, K. K., Burrell, T. L., & Scahill, L. Dietary intake, nutrient status, and growth parameters in children with autism spectrum disorder and severe food selectivity: An electronic medical record review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2018; 118(10): 1943-1950.
12. Bjørklund, G., Meguid, N. A., Dadar, M., Pivina, L., Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., Jóźwik-Pruska, J., ... & Chirumbolo, S. Specialized diet therapies: exploration for improving behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2020; 27(40): 6771-6786.).
13. Guo, M., Zhu, J., Yang, T., Lai, X., Lei, Y., Chen, J., & Li, T. Vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies exacerbate symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nutritional neuroscience. 2019; 22(9): 637-647.
14. Leader, G., Tuohy, E., Chen, J. L., Mannion, A., & Gilroy, S. P. Feeding problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, challenging behavior and sensory issues in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2020; 50(4): 1401-1410.
15. Baspinar, B., & Yardimci, H. Gluten-Free Casein-Free Diet for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Can It Be Effective in Solving Behavioural and Gastrointestinal Problems?. The Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 2020; 52(3): 292.)
16. Narzisi A, Masi G, Grossi E. Nutrition and autism spectrum disorder: between false myths and real research-based opportunities. Nutrients. 2021; 13(6): 2068
17. Doreswamy S, Bashir A, Guarecuco JE, Lahori S, Baig A, Narra LR, Patel P, Heindl SE. Effects of Diet, Nutrition, and Exercise in Children With Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2020; 12(12): e12222.
18. Jarmołowska, B., Bukało, M., Fiedorowicz, E., Cieślińska, A., Kordulewska, N. K., Moszyńska, M., ... & Kostyra, E. (2019). Role of milk-derived opioid peptides and proline dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in autism spectrum disorders. Nutrients, 11(1), 87.
19. Yu, Y., Huang, J., Chen, X., Fu, J., Wang, X., Pu, L., ... & Cai, C. Efficacy and safety of diet therapies in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neurology. 2022; 13: 844117.
20. Trudeau, M. S., Madden, R. F., Parnell, J. A., Gibbard, W. B., & Shearer, J. Dietary and supplement-based complementary and alternative medicine use in pediatric autism spectrum disorder. Nutrients. 2019; 11(8): 1783.
21. Madra, M., Ringel, R., & Margolis, K. G. Gastrointestinal issues and autism spectrum disorder. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America. 2020; 29(3): 501-513.
22. Tan, Q., Orsso, C. E., Deehan, E. C., Kung, J. Y., Tun, H. M., Wine, E., ... & Haqq, A. M. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Autism Research. 2021; 14(9): 1820-1836.
23. Chen, L., Zhang, Y. H., Huang, T., & Cai, Y. D. (2016). Gene expression profiling gut microbiota in different races of humans. Scientific reports, 6(1), 23075.).
24. Inoue, R., Sakaue, Y., Sawai, C., Sawai, T., Ozeki, M., Romero-Pérez, G. A., & Tsukahara, T. (2016). A preliminary investigation on the relationship between gut microbiota and gene expressions in peripheral mononuclear cells of infants with autism spectrum disorders. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 80(12), 2450-2458.
25. Doenyas, C. (2018). Gut microbiota, inflammation, and probiotics on neural development in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience, 374, 271-286.
26. Doenyas, C. Dietary interventions for autism spectrum disorder: New perspectives from the gut-brain axis. Physiology & behavior. 2018; 194: 577-582.
27. Jarmołowska, B., Bukało, M., Fiedorowicz, E., Cieślińska, A., Kordulewska, N. K., Moszyńska, M., ... & Kostyra, E. Role of milk-derived opioid peptides and proline dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in autism spectrum disorders. Nutrients. 2019; 11(1): 87.
28. Baribeau, D., Vorstman, J., & Anagnostou, E. Novel treatments in autism spectrum disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2022; 35(2): 101-110.
29. Ly, V., Bottelier, M., Hoekstra, P. J., Arias Vasquez, A., Buitelaar, J. K., & Rommelse, N. N. (2017). Elimination diets’ efficacy and mechanisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 26, 1067-1079.
30. Duff, J. (2014). Nutrition for ADHD and Autism. Clinical Neurotherapy, 357-381.
31. Li, Q., Liang, J., Fu, N., Han, Y., & Qin, J. (2021). A ketogenic diet and the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in pediatrics, 9, 650624.
32. Dyńka, D., Kowalcze, K., & Paziewska, A. (2022). The role of ketogenic diet in the treatment of neurological diseases. Nutrients, 14(23), 5003.
33. Viscidi, E. W., Triche, E. W., Pescosolido, M. F., McLean, R. L., Joseph, R. M., Spence, S. J., & Morrow, E. M. (2013). Clinical characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring epilepsy. PloS one, 8(7), e67797.
34. Pizzo, F., Collotta, A. D., Di Nora, A., Costanza, G., Ruggieri, M., & Falsaperla, R. (2022). Ketogenic diet in pediatric seizures: a randomized controlled trial review and meta-analysis. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 22(2), 169-177.
35. Spilioti, M., Evangeliou, A. E., Tramma, D., Theodoridou, Z., Metaxas, S., Michailidi, E., ... & Gibson, K. M. (2013). Evidence for treatable inborn errors of metabolism in a cohort of 187 Greek patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7, 858.
36. Ruskin, D. N., Fortin, J. A., Bisnauth, S. N., & Masino, S. A. (2017). Ketogenic diets improve behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder in a sex-specific manner in the EL mouse. Physiology & behavior, 168, 138-145.
37. Żarnowska, I., Chrapko, B., Gwizda, G., Nocuń, A., Mitosek-Szewczyk, K., & Gasior, M. (2018). Therapeutic use of carbohydrate-restricted diets in an autistic child; a case report of clinical and 18FDG PET findings. Metabolic brain disease, 33, 1187-1192.
38. El-Rashidy, O., El-Baz, F., El-Gendy, Y., Khalaf, R., Reda, D., & Saad, K. Ketogenic diet versus gluten free casein free diet in autistic children: a case-control study. Metabolic brain disease. 2017; 32(6): 1935-1941.
39. Lee, R. W., Corley, M. J., Pang, A., Arakaki, G., Abbott, L., Nishimoto, M., ... & Wong, M. A modified ketogenic gluten-free diet with MCT improves behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Physiology & behavior. 2018; 188: 205-211.
40. Varesio, C., Grumi, S., Zanaboni, M. P., Mensi, M. M., Chiappedi, M., Pasca, L., ... & De Giorgis, V. (2021). Ketogenic dietary therapies in patients with autism spectrum disorder: facts or fads? A scoping review and a proposal for a shared protocol. Nutrients, 13(6), 2057.
41. Kossoff, E. H., Zupec‐Kania, B. A., Amark, P. E., Ballaban‐Gil, K. R., Christina Bergqvist, A. G., Blackford, R., ... & Charlie Foundation, and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. (2009). Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia, 50(2), 304-317.
42. Kwiterovich Jr, P. O., Vining, E. P., Pyzik, P., Skolasky Jr, R., & Freeman, J. M. (2003). Effect of a high-fat ketogenic diet on plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in children. Jama, 290(7), 912-920.
43. Alamri, E. S. Efficacy of gluten-and casein-free diets on autism spectrum disorders in children. Saudi Medical Journal. 2020; 41(10): 1041.
44. Piwowarczyk, A., Horvath, A., Pisula, E., Kawa, R., & Szajewska, H. Gluten-free diet in children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2020; 50(2): 482-490.
45. González-Domenech, P. J., Díaz Atienza, F., García Pablos, C., Fernández Soto, M. L., Martínez-Ortega, J. M., & Gutiérrez-Rojas, L. Influence of a combined gluten-free and casein-free diet on behavior disorders in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: a 12-month follow-up clinical trial. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2020; 50(3): 935-948.
46. Croall, I. D., Hoggard, N., & Hadjivassiliou, M. Gluten and autism spectrum disorder. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2): 572.
47. Plaza-Diaz, J., Flores-Rojas, K., Torre-Aguilar, M. J. D. L., Gomez-Fernández, A. R., Martín-Borreguero, P., Perez-Navero, J. L., ... & Gil-Campos, M. Dietary patterns, eating behavior, and nutrient intakes of spanish preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. Nutrients. 2021; 13(10): 3551.
48. Nogay, N. H., & Nahikian-Nelms, M. (2023). Effects of nutritional interventions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: an overview based on a literature review. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 69(6), 811-824.
49. Bertuccioli, A., Cardinali, M., Di Pierro, F., Zonzini, G. B., & Matera, M. R. Ketogenic and low FODMAP diet in therapeutic management of a young autistic patient with epilepsy and dysmetabolism poorly responsive to therapies: clinical response and effects of intestinal microbiota. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(15): 8829.
50. Nogay, N. H., Walton, J., Roberts, K. M., Nahikian-Nelms, M., & Witwer, A. N. The effect of the low FODMAP diet on gastrointestinal symptoms, behavioral problems and nutrient intake in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2021; 51(8): 2800-2811.
51. Febrianto, L. A., Wardani, D. W., & Wijayanto, A. FoFA: Diet Information for Children with Autism with Semantic Technology in Android Based Application. Jurnal Online Informatika. 2020; 5(2): 145-152.
52. McCann, D., Barrett, A., Cooper, A., Crumpler, D., Dalen, L., Grimshaw, K., ... & Stevenson, J. (2007). Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The lancet, 370(9598), 1560-1567.
53. Mandecka, A., & Regulska-Ilow, B. (2022). The importance of nutritional management and education in the treatment of autism. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 73(3).
54. Williams, B. L., Hornig, M., Buie, T., Bauman, M. L., Cho Paik, M., Wick, I., ... & Lipkin, W. I. (2011). Impaired carbohydrate digestion and transport and mucosal dysbiosis in the intestines of children with autism and gastrointestinal disturbances. PloS one, 6(9), e24585.
55. Barnhill, K., Devlin, M., Moreno, H. T., Potts, A., Richardson, W., Schutte, C., & Hewitson, L. (2020). Brief report: implementation of a specific carbohydrate diet for a child with autism spectrum disorder and Fragile X syndrome. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50, 1800-1808.
56. Ābele, S., Meija, L., Folkmanis, V., & Tzivian, L. (2021, November). Specific carbohydrate diet (SCD/GAPS) and dietary supplements for children with autistic spectrum disorder. In Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. (Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 417-425).
57. Konstantynowicz, J., Porowski, T., Zoch-Zwierz, W., Wasilewska, J., Kadziela-Olech, H., Kulak, W., ... & Kaczmarski, M. (2012). A potential pathogenic role of oxalate in autism. european journal of paediatric neurology, 16(5), 485-491.
58. Kawicka, A., & Regulska-Ilow, B. (2013). How nutritional status, diet and dietary supplements can affect autism. A review. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 64(1).
59. Cristiano, C., Lama, A., Lembo, F., Mollica, M. P., Calignano, A., & Mattace Raso, G. (2018). Interplay between peripheral and central inflammation in autism spectrum disorders: possible nutritional and therapeutic strategies. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 351425.
60. Essa, M. M., & Qoronfleh, M. W. (Eds.). (2020). Personalized food intervention and therapy for autism spectrum disorder management (Vol. 24). Springer Nature.
61. Ohinata, K., Agui, S., & Yoshikawa, M. (2007). Soymorphins, novel μ opioid peptides derived from soy β-conglycinin β-subunit, have anxiolytic activities. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 71(10), 2618-2621.
62. Westmark, C. J. (2014). Soy infant formula and seizures in children with autism: a retrospective study. PLoS One, 9(3), e80488.
63. Meguid, N. A., Anwar, M., Bjørklund, G., Hashish, A., Chirumbolo, S., Hemimi, M., & Sultan, E. Dietary adequacy of Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder compared to healthy developing children. Metabolic brain disease. 2017; 32(2): 607-615.
64. Parletta, N., Niyonsenga, T., & Duff, J. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and correlations with symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic spectrum disorder and typically developing controls. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5): e0156432.
65. de la Torre-Aguilar, M. J., Gomez-Fernandez, A., Flores-Rojas, K., Martin-Borreguero, P., Mesa, M. D., Perez-Navero, J. L., ... & Gil-Campos, M. (2022). Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic intervention modifies plasma and erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acid profiles but not the clinical course of children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized control trial. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 790250.
66. Mankad, D., Dupuis, A., Smile, S., Roberts, W., Brian, J., Lui, T., ... & Anagnostou, E. A randomized, placebo controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of young children with autism. Molecular autism. 2015; 6(1): 1-11.
67. Saad, K., Abdel‐Rahman, A. A., Elserogy, Y. M., Al‐Atram, A. A., El‐Houfey, A. A., Othman, H. A. K., ... & Abdel‐Salam, A. M. Retracted: Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2018; 59(1): 20-29.
68. Feng, J., Shan, L., Du, L., Wang, B., Li, H., Wang, W., ... & Jia, F. Clinical improvement following vitamin D3 supplementation in autism spectrum disorder. Nutritional neuroscience. 2017; 20(5): 284-290.
69. Szachta, P., Skonieczna-Żydecka, K., Adler, G., Karakua-Juchnowicz, H., Madlani, H., & Ignyś, I. (2016). Immune related factors in pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 20(14), 3060-3072.
70. Inoue, T., Tanaka, M., Masuda, S., Ohue-Kitano, R., Yamakage, H., Muranaka, K., ... & Satoh-Asahara, N. (2017). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse microglia by activating SIRT1 pathways. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1862(5), 552-560.
71. Wrzosek, M., Łukaszkiewicz, J., Wrzosek, M., Jakubczyk, A., Matsumoto, H., Piątkiewicz, P., ... & Nowicka, G. (2013). Vitamin D and the central nervous system. Pharmacological reports, 65(2), 271-278.
72. Cadario, F., Savastio, S., Rizzo, A. M., Carrera, D., & Ricordi, C. (2017). Can Type 1 diabetes progression be halted? Possible role of high dose vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 21(7), 1604-1609.
73. Cadario F, Savastio S, Ricotti R, Rizzo AM, Carrera D, Maiuri L, et al. Administration of vitamin D and high dose of omega 3 to sustain remission of type 1 diabetes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018;22(2):512–5
74. Infante, M., Sears, B., Rizzo, A. M., Mariani Cerati, D., Caprio, M., Ricordi, C., & Fabbri, A. Omega-3 PUFAs and vitamin D co-supplementation as a safe-effective therapeutic approach for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: case report and literature review. Nutritional neuroscience. 2020; 23(10): 779-790.
75. Demarquoy, C., & Demarquoy, J. Autism and carnitine: A possible link. World journal of biological chemistry. 2019; 10(1): 7.
76. Fahmy, S. F., El-Hamamsy, M. H., Zaki, O. K., & Badary, O. A. l-Carnitine supplementation improves the behavioral symptoms in autistic children. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2013; 7(1): 159-166.
77. Adams, J. B., Audhya, T., Geis, E., Gehn, E., Fimbres, V., Pollard, E. L., ... & Quig, D. W. Comprehensive nutritional and dietary intervention for autism spectrum disorder—a randomized, controlled 12-month trial. Nutrients. 2018; 10(3): 369.
78. Parracho, H. M., Gibson, G. R., Knott, F., Bosscher, D., Kleerebezem, M., & McCartney, A. L. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-designed probiotic feeding study in children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders. International Journal of Probiotics & Prebiotics. 2010; 5(2): 69.

OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 133 - 145, 30.08.2024

Hacer Merve Fidan , Volkan Özkaya

Abstract

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu tekrarlayıcı- anormal davranış, sınırlı ilgi alanları, sosyal iletişim ve etkileşimlerdeki bozulmalarla karakterize, çok faktörlü nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Otizmli bireylerde, seçici yeme tutumu, gastrointestinal sistem bozuklukları, vitamin ve mineral eksikliklerine sık rastlanmaktadır. Otizmli çocukların besin seçimlerini besinin renk, tat, sıcaklık gibi duyusal özelliklerine göre yaptıkları ve genelde beslenmelerinin sınırlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Beslenme alışkanlıklarında karbonhidrat içeriği yüksek yiyecekler fazla miktarda bulunmaktadır. Yetersiz meyve ve sebze tüketimi, lif alımının sınırlı olması ve gastrointestinal sistemdeki bozulmalardan dolayı konstipasyon prevalansı yüksektir. Otizm ve semptomlarını iyileştirmek için bazı diyet yaklaşımları uygulanmaktadır. Bunlar arasında glutensiz, ketojenik, kazeinsiz, glutensiz ve kazeinsiz, düşük fermente olabilir oligosakkarit, disakkarit, monosakkarit ve polioller diyeti (FODMAP) gibi diyetler bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda alternatif diyet yaklaşımları ve etkilerini incelemektir.

Keywords

Otizm, beslenme, diyet yaklaşımları, ketojenik diyet, gluten, kazein

References

Masi, A., DeMayo, M. M., Glozier, N., & Guastella, A. J. An overview of autism spectrum disorder, heterogeneity and treatment options. Neuroscience bulletin. 2017; 33(2): 183-193.
2. Volkmar, F. R., & McPartland, J. C. (2014). From Kanner to DSM-5: autism as an evolving diagnostic concept. Annual review of clinical psychology, 10, 193-212.
3. Lord, C., Brugha, T. S., Charman, T., Cusack, J., Dumas, G., Frazier, T., ... & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. Autism spectrum disorder. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2020; 6(1): 1-23.
4. Çekici, H., & Sanlier, N. Current nutritional approaches in managing autism spectrum disorder: A review. Nutritional neuroscience. 2019; 22(3): 145-155.
5. Karhu, E., Zukerman, R., Eshraghi, R. S., Mittal, J., Deth, R. C., Castejon, A. M., ... & Eshraghi, A. A. Nutritional interventions for autism spectrum disorder. Nutrition rewievs. 2020; 78(7): 515-531.
6. Sealey, L. A., Hughes, B. W., Sriskanda, A. N., Guest, J. R., Gibson, A. D., Johnson-Williams, L., ... & Bagasra, O. (2016). Environmental factors in the development of autism spectrum disorders. Environment international, 88, 288-298.
7. Bougeard, C., Picarel-Blanchot, F., Schmid, R., Campbell, R., & Buitelaar, J. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and co-morbidities in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2021; 12: 744709.
8. Oner, O., & Munir, K. M. Modified checklist for autism in toddlers revised (MCHAT-R/F) in an urban metropolitan sample of young children in Turkey. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2020; 50: 3312-3319.
9. Gogou, M., & Kolios, G. Are therapeutic diets an emerging additional choice in autism spectrum disorder management?. World Journal of Pediatrics. 2018; 14(3): 215-223.
10. Raspini, B., Prosperi, M., Guiducci, L., Santocchi, E., Tancredi, R., Calderoni, S., ... & Cena, H. Dietary Patterns and Weight Status in Italian Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children. Nutrients. 2021; 13(11): 4039.
11. Sharp, W. G., Postorino, V., McCracken, C. E., Berry, R. C., Criado, K. K., Burrell, T. L., & Scahill, L. Dietary intake, nutrient status, and growth parameters in children with autism spectrum disorder and severe food selectivity: An electronic medical record review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2018; 118(10): 1943-1950.
12. Bjørklund, G., Meguid, N. A., Dadar, M., Pivina, L., Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., Jóźwik-Pruska, J., ... & Chirumbolo, S. Specialized diet therapies: exploration for improving behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2020; 27(40): 6771-6786.).
13. Guo, M., Zhu, J., Yang, T., Lai, X., Lei, Y., Chen, J., & Li, T. Vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies exacerbate symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nutritional neuroscience. 2019; 22(9): 637-647.
14. Leader, G., Tuohy, E., Chen, J. L., Mannion, A., & Gilroy, S. P. Feeding problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, challenging behavior and sensory issues in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2020; 50(4): 1401-1410.
15. Baspinar, B., & Yardimci, H. Gluten-Free Casein-Free Diet for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Can It Be Effective in Solving Behavioural and Gastrointestinal Problems?. The Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 2020; 52(3): 292.)
16. Narzisi A, Masi G, Grossi E. Nutrition and autism spectrum disorder: between false myths and real research-based opportunities. Nutrients. 2021; 13(6): 2068
17. Doreswamy S, Bashir A, Guarecuco JE, Lahori S, Baig A, Narra LR, Patel P, Heindl SE. Effects of Diet, Nutrition, and Exercise in Children With Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2020; 12(12): e12222.
18. Jarmołowska, B., Bukało, M., Fiedorowicz, E., Cieślińska, A., Kordulewska, N. K., Moszyńska, M., ... & Kostyra, E. (2019). Role of milk-derived opioid peptides and proline dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in autism spectrum disorders. Nutrients, 11(1), 87.
19. Yu, Y., Huang, J., Chen, X., Fu, J., Wang, X., Pu, L., ... & Cai, C. Efficacy and safety of diet therapies in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neurology. 2022; 13: 844117.
20. Trudeau, M. S., Madden, R. F., Parnell, J. A., Gibbard, W. B., & Shearer, J. Dietary and supplement-based complementary and alternative medicine use in pediatric autism spectrum disorder. Nutrients. 2019; 11(8): 1783.
21. Madra, M., Ringel, R., & Margolis, K. G. Gastrointestinal issues and autism spectrum disorder. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America. 2020; 29(3): 501-513.
22. Tan, Q., Orsso, C. E., Deehan, E. C., Kung, J. Y., Tun, H. M., Wine, E., ... & Haqq, A. M. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Autism Research. 2021; 14(9): 1820-1836.
23. Chen, L., Zhang, Y. H., Huang, T., & Cai, Y. D. (2016). Gene expression profiling gut microbiota in different races of humans. Scientific reports, 6(1), 23075.).
24. Inoue, R., Sakaue, Y., Sawai, C., Sawai, T., Ozeki, M., Romero-Pérez, G. A., & Tsukahara, T. (2016). A preliminary investigation on the relationship between gut microbiota and gene expressions in peripheral mononuclear cells of infants with autism spectrum disorders. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 80(12), 2450-2458.
25. Doenyas, C. (2018). Gut microbiota, inflammation, and probiotics on neural development in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience, 374, 271-286.
26. Doenyas, C. Dietary interventions for autism spectrum disorder: New perspectives from the gut-brain axis. Physiology & behavior. 2018; 194: 577-582.
27. Jarmołowska, B., Bukało, M., Fiedorowicz, E., Cieślińska, A., Kordulewska, N. K., Moszyńska, M., ... & Kostyra, E. Role of milk-derived opioid peptides and proline dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in autism spectrum disorders. Nutrients. 2019; 11(1): 87.
28. Baribeau, D., Vorstman, J., & Anagnostou, E. Novel treatments in autism spectrum disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2022; 35(2): 101-110.
29. Ly, V., Bottelier, M., Hoekstra, P. J., Arias Vasquez, A., Buitelaar, J. K., & Rommelse, N. N. (2017). Elimination diets’ efficacy and mechanisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 26, 1067-1079.
30. Duff, J. (2014). Nutrition for ADHD and Autism. Clinical Neurotherapy, 357-381.
31. Li, Q., Liang, J., Fu, N., Han, Y., & Qin, J. (2021). A ketogenic diet and the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in pediatrics, 9, 650624.
32. Dyńka, D., Kowalcze, K., & Paziewska, A. (2022). The role of ketogenic diet in the treatment of neurological diseases. Nutrients, 14(23), 5003.
33. Viscidi, E. W., Triche, E. W., Pescosolido, M. F., McLean, R. L., Joseph, R. M., Spence, S. J., & Morrow, E. M. (2013). Clinical characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring epilepsy. PloS one, 8(7), e67797.
34. Pizzo, F., Collotta, A. D., Di Nora, A., Costanza, G., Ruggieri, M., & Falsaperla, R. (2022). Ketogenic diet in pediatric seizures: a randomized controlled trial review and meta-analysis. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 22(2), 169-177.
35. Spilioti, M., Evangeliou, A. E., Tramma, D., Theodoridou, Z., Metaxas, S., Michailidi, E., ... & Gibson, K. M. (2013). Evidence for treatable inborn errors of metabolism in a cohort of 187 Greek patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7, 858.
36. Ruskin, D. N., Fortin, J. A., Bisnauth, S. N., & Masino, S. A. (2017). Ketogenic diets improve behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder in a sex-specific manner in the EL mouse. Physiology & behavior, 168, 138-145.
37. Żarnowska, I., Chrapko, B., Gwizda, G., Nocuń, A., Mitosek-Szewczyk, K., & Gasior, M. (2018). Therapeutic use of carbohydrate-restricted diets in an autistic child; a case report of clinical and 18FDG PET findings. Metabolic brain disease, 33, 1187-1192.
38. El-Rashidy, O., El-Baz, F., El-Gendy, Y., Khalaf, R., Reda, D., & Saad, K. Ketogenic diet versus gluten free casein free diet in autistic children: a case-control study. Metabolic brain disease. 2017; 32(6): 1935-1941.
39. Lee, R. W., Corley, M. J., Pang, A., Arakaki, G., Abbott, L., Nishimoto, M., ... & Wong, M. A modified ketogenic gluten-free diet with MCT improves behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Physiology & behavior. 2018; 188: 205-211.
40. Varesio, C., Grumi, S., Zanaboni, M. P., Mensi, M. M., Chiappedi, M., Pasca, L., ... & De Giorgis, V. (2021). Ketogenic dietary therapies in patients with autism spectrum disorder: facts or fads? A scoping review and a proposal for a shared protocol. Nutrients, 13(6), 2057.
41. Kossoff, E. H., Zupec‐Kania, B. A., Amark, P. E., Ballaban‐Gil, K. R., Christina Bergqvist, A. G., Blackford, R., ... & Charlie Foundation, and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. (2009). Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia, 50(2), 304-317.
42. Kwiterovich Jr, P. O., Vining, E. P., Pyzik, P., Skolasky Jr, R., & Freeman, J. M. (2003). Effect of a high-fat ketogenic diet on plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in children. Jama, 290(7), 912-920.
43. Alamri, E. S. Efficacy of gluten-and casein-free diets on autism spectrum disorders in children. Saudi Medical Journal. 2020; 41(10): 1041.
44. Piwowarczyk, A., Horvath, A., Pisula, E., Kawa, R., & Szajewska, H. Gluten-free diet in children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2020; 50(2): 482-490.
45. González-Domenech, P. J., Díaz Atienza, F., García Pablos, C., Fernández Soto, M. L., Martínez-Ortega, J. M., & Gutiérrez-Rojas, L. Influence of a combined gluten-free and casein-free diet on behavior disorders in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: a 12-month follow-up clinical trial. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2020; 50(3): 935-948.
46. Croall, I. D., Hoggard, N., & Hadjivassiliou, M. Gluten and autism spectrum disorder. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2): 572.
47. Plaza-Diaz, J., Flores-Rojas, K., Torre-Aguilar, M. J. D. L., Gomez-Fernández, A. R., Martín-Borreguero, P., Perez-Navero, J. L., ... & Gil-Campos, M. Dietary patterns, eating behavior, and nutrient intakes of spanish preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. Nutrients. 2021; 13(10): 3551.
48. Nogay, N. H., & Nahikian-Nelms, M. (2023). Effects of nutritional interventions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: an overview based on a literature review. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 69(6), 811-824.
49. Bertuccioli, A., Cardinali, M., Di Pierro, F., Zonzini, G. B., & Matera, M. R. Ketogenic and low FODMAP diet in therapeutic management of a young autistic patient with epilepsy and dysmetabolism poorly responsive to therapies: clinical response and effects of intestinal microbiota. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(15): 8829.
50. Nogay, N. H., Walton, J., Roberts, K. M., Nahikian-Nelms, M., & Witwer, A. N. The effect of the low FODMAP diet on gastrointestinal symptoms, behavioral problems and nutrient intake in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2021; 51(8): 2800-2811.
51. Febrianto, L. A., Wardani, D. W., & Wijayanto, A. FoFA: Diet Information for Children with Autism with Semantic Technology in Android Based Application. Jurnal Online Informatika. 2020; 5(2): 145-152.
52. McCann, D., Barrett, A., Cooper, A., Crumpler, D., Dalen, L., Grimshaw, K., ... & Stevenson, J. (2007). Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The lancet, 370(9598), 1560-1567.
53. Mandecka, A., & Regulska-Ilow, B. (2022). The importance of nutritional management and education in the treatment of autism. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 73(3).
54. Williams, B. L., Hornig, M., Buie, T., Bauman, M. L., Cho Paik, M., Wick, I., ... & Lipkin, W. I. (2011). Impaired carbohydrate digestion and transport and mucosal dysbiosis in the intestines of children with autism and gastrointestinal disturbances. PloS one, 6(9), e24585.
55. Barnhill, K., Devlin, M., Moreno, H. T., Potts, A., Richardson, W., Schutte, C., & Hewitson, L. (2020). Brief report: implementation of a specific carbohydrate diet for a child with autism spectrum disorder and Fragile X syndrome. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50, 1800-1808.
56. Ābele, S., Meija, L., Folkmanis, V., & Tzivian, L. (2021, November). Specific carbohydrate diet (SCD/GAPS) and dietary supplements for children with autistic spectrum disorder. In Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. (Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 417-425).
57. Konstantynowicz, J., Porowski, T., Zoch-Zwierz, W., Wasilewska, J., Kadziela-Olech, H., Kulak, W., ... & Kaczmarski, M. (2012). A potential pathogenic role of oxalate in autism. european journal of paediatric neurology, 16(5), 485-491.
58. Kawicka, A., & Regulska-Ilow, B. (2013). How nutritional status, diet and dietary supplements can affect autism. A review. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 64(1).
59. Cristiano, C., Lama, A., Lembo, F., Mollica, M. P., Calignano, A., & Mattace Raso, G. (2018). Interplay between peripheral and central inflammation in autism spectrum disorders: possible nutritional and therapeutic strategies. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 351425.
60. Essa, M. M., & Qoronfleh, M. W. (Eds.). (2020). Personalized food intervention and therapy for autism spectrum disorder management (Vol. 24). Springer Nature.
61. Ohinata, K., Agui, S., & Yoshikawa, M. (2007). Soymorphins, novel μ opioid peptides derived from soy β-conglycinin β-subunit, have anxiolytic activities. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 71(10), 2618-2621.
62. Westmark, C. J. (2014). Soy infant formula and seizures in children with autism: a retrospective study. PLoS One, 9(3), e80488.
63. Meguid, N. A., Anwar, M., Bjørklund, G., Hashish, A., Chirumbolo, S., Hemimi, M., & Sultan, E. Dietary adequacy of Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder compared to healthy developing children. Metabolic brain disease. 2017; 32(2): 607-615.
64. Parletta, N., Niyonsenga, T., & Duff, J. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and correlations with symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic spectrum disorder and typically developing controls. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5): e0156432.
65. de la Torre-Aguilar, M. J., Gomez-Fernandez, A., Flores-Rojas, K., Martin-Borreguero, P., Mesa, M. D., Perez-Navero, J. L., ... & Gil-Campos, M. (2022). Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic intervention modifies plasma and erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acid profiles but not the clinical course of children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized control trial. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 790250.
66. Mankad, D., Dupuis, A., Smile, S., Roberts, W., Brian, J., Lui, T., ... & Anagnostou, E. A randomized, placebo controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of young children with autism. Molecular autism. 2015; 6(1): 1-11.
67. Saad, K., Abdel‐Rahman, A. A., Elserogy, Y. M., Al‐Atram, A. A., El‐Houfey, A. A., Othman, H. A. K., ... & Abdel‐Salam, A. M. Retracted: Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2018; 59(1): 20-29.
68. Feng, J., Shan, L., Du, L., Wang, B., Li, H., Wang, W., ... & Jia, F. Clinical improvement following vitamin D3 supplementation in autism spectrum disorder. Nutritional neuroscience. 2017; 20(5): 284-290.
69. Szachta, P., Skonieczna-Żydecka, K., Adler, G., Karakua-Juchnowicz, H., Madlani, H., & Ignyś, I. (2016). Immune related factors in pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 20(14), 3060-3072.
70. Inoue, T., Tanaka, M., Masuda, S., Ohue-Kitano, R., Yamakage, H., Muranaka, K., ... & Satoh-Asahara, N. (2017). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse microglia by activating SIRT1 pathways. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1862(5), 552-560.
71. Wrzosek, M., Łukaszkiewicz, J., Wrzosek, M., Jakubczyk, A., Matsumoto, H., Piątkiewicz, P., ... & Nowicka, G. (2013). Vitamin D and the central nervous system. Pharmacological reports, 65(2), 271-278.
72. Cadario, F., Savastio, S., Rizzo, A. M., Carrera, D., & Ricordi, C. (2017). Can Type 1 diabetes progression be halted? Possible role of high dose vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 21(7), 1604-1609.
73. Cadario F, Savastio S, Ricotti R, Rizzo AM, Carrera D, Maiuri L, et al. Administration of vitamin D and high dose of omega 3 to sustain remission of type 1 diabetes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018;22(2):512–5
74. Infante, M., Sears, B., Rizzo, A. M., Mariani Cerati, D., Caprio, M., Ricordi, C., & Fabbri, A. Omega-3 PUFAs and vitamin D co-supplementation as a safe-effective therapeutic approach for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: case report and literature review. Nutritional neuroscience. 2020; 23(10): 779-790.
75. Demarquoy, C., & Demarquoy, J. Autism and carnitine: A possible link. World journal of biological chemistry. 2019; 10(1): 7.
76. Fahmy, S. F., El-Hamamsy, M. H., Zaki, O. K., & Badary, O. A. l-Carnitine supplementation improves the behavioral symptoms in autistic children. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2013; 7(1): 159-166.
77. Adams, J. B., Audhya, T., Geis, E., Gehn, E., Fimbres, V., Pollard, E. L., ... & Quig, D. W. Comprehensive nutritional and dietary intervention for autism spectrum disorder—a randomized, controlled 12-month trial. Nutrients. 2018; 10(3): 369.
78. Parracho, H. M., Gibson, G. R., Knott, F., Bosscher, D., Kleerebezem, M., & McCartney, A. L. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-designed probiotic feeding study in children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders. International Journal of Probiotics & Prebiotics. 2010; 5(2): 69.

There are 78 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Nutrition and Dietetics (Other)
Journal Section	Makaleler
Authors	Hacer Merve Fidan 0009-0009-8710-5852 Volkan Özkaya 0000-0001-7576-2083
Publication Date	August 30, 2024
Submission Date	February 19, 2024
Acceptance Date	May 6, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Fidan, H. M., & Özkaya, V. (2024). OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 133-145.
AMA	Fidan HM, Özkaya V. OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI. Gazi sağlık bilim. derg. August 2024;9(2):133-145.
Chicago	Fidan, Hacer Merve, and Volkan Özkaya. “OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9, no. 2 (August 2024): 133-45.
EndNote	Fidan HM, Özkaya V (August 1, 2024) OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9 2 133–145.
IEEE	H. M. Fidan and V. Özkaya, “OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI”, Gazi sağlık bilim. derg, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 133–145, 2024.
ISNAD	Fidan, Hacer Merve - Özkaya, Volkan. “OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9/2 (August 2024), 133-145.
JAMA	Fidan HM, Özkaya V. OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI. Gazi sağlık bilim. derg. 2024;9:133–145.
MLA	Fidan, Hacer Merve and Volkan Özkaya. “OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2024, pp. 133-45.
Vancouver	Fidan HM, Özkaya V. OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI. Gazi sağlık bilim. derg. 2024;9(2):133-45.

Article Files

Full Text