Biyolojik Sistemli Nanopartiküller

Yıl 2021, , 93 - 108, 01.05.2021

İrem Yavuz Ebru Şebnem Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4843592

Öz

Nanopartiküller 100 nm ve daha küçük ölçülerde olan tozlar şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır ve nanoteknolojinin temellerini bu partiküller oluşturmaktadır. Nanoyapıların sahip olduğu olağandışı nitelikler uzun zaman önce öngörülmüştür. Nanopartiküllerin biyolojik sistemlerdeki davranışlarını anlamak başta medikal tedavi yöntemleri olmak üzere, güvenli nanoteknolojinin geliştirilmesi için gereklidir. Günümüzde dünya genelinde ülkeler nanoteknoloji sahasında önemli yatırımlar yapmaktadır. Bununla birlikte nanometre boyutundaki malzemelere ait üstün nitelikler onların farklı araştırmalarda (tekstil, biyoteknoloji, eczacılık, medikal, savunma sanayi, malzeme, imalat sektörü, tarım vb.) yaygınlaşarak kullanılabilmelerine imkan sunmaktadır. Bu durum nanoteknolojiden daha fazla alanda yararlanılmasının dışında nanoteknolojiye dayalı devrim niteliğinde farklı ve çeşitli ürünlerin tasarlanabilmesini sağlamaktadır. Son yıllarda nanoteknoloji ve klinik uygulamaları hakkında giderek artan oranda literatür olmasına rağmen, nanopartiküller ve hücreler arasındaki moleküler düzeydeki etkileşim mekanizmaları tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Nanopartiküllerin üretimi nanoteknolojide yapılması planlanan yeniliklerdeki ilk basamağı oluşturmakta; bu partiküller oldukça kapsamlı bir aralıkta fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik yöntemlerle üretilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada nanoteknoloji kavramı ve tarihçesine değinildikten sonra nanopartiküllerin biyolojik yönteme dayalı üretimleri ve etkileri detaylıca incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyolojik sistemler, Nanoteknoloji, Nanopartikül

Kaynakça

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