EN
On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties
Abstract
In this paper, we define a new application of Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers, the vectors of Pell and Pell-Lucas sequences. We examine them in 2 and 3 dimensions, then we give the definition of generalized vectors. Then, we define these vectors as vector sequences. We analyze the properties of these vectors both as linear algebra and as a number sequence. We first investigate the vectorial properties of these generalized vectors. Then, we define these generalized vectors as a sequence of numbers and give the recurrence relation. We also calculate the cosines of the angles between these vectors. Finally, we derive some important identities calculated in these number sequences for these vector sequences.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Algebra and Number Theory, Group Theory and Generalisations
Journal Section
Research Article
Early Pub Date
January 30, 2026
Publication Date
January 30, 2026
Submission Date
May 5, 2025
Acceptance Date
December 8, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 39 Number: 1
APA
Uysal, M., & Özkan, E. (2026). On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science, 39(1), 415-440. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1691819
AMA
1.Uysal M, Özkan E. On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2026;39(1):415-440. doi:10.35378/gujs.1691819
Chicago
Uysal, Mine, and Engin Özkan. 2026. “On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties”. Gazi University Journal of Science 39 (1): 415-40. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1691819.
EndNote
Uysal M, Özkan E (March 1, 2026) On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science 39 1 415–440.
IEEE
[1]M. Uysal and E. Özkan, “On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 415–440, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1691819.
ISNAD
Uysal, Mine - Özkan, Engin. “On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties”. Gazi University Journal of Science 39/1 (March 1, 2026): 415-440. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1691819.
JAMA
1.Uysal M, Özkan E. On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2026;39:415–440.
MLA
Uysal, Mine, and Engin Özkan. “On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 39, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 415-40, doi:10.35378/gujs.1691819.
Vancouver
1.Mine Uysal, Engin Özkan. On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2026 Mar. 1;39(1):415-40. doi:10.35378/gujs.1691819