Research Article

On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties

Volume: 39 Number: 1 January 30, 2026
EN

On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties

Abstract

In this paper, we define a new application of Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers, the vectors of Pell and Pell-Lucas sequences. We examine them in 2 and 3 dimensions, then we give the definition of generalized vectors. Then, we define these vectors as vector sequences. We analyze the properties of these vectors both as linear algebra and as a number sequence. We first investigate the vectorial properties of these generalized vectors. Then, we define these generalized vectors as a sequence of numbers and give the recurrence relation. We also calculate the cosines of the angles between these vectors. Finally, we derive some important identities calculated in these number sequences for these vector sequences.

Keywords

References

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  7. [7] Erduvan, F., “On Gaussian fuzzy Fibonacci numbers”, Maejo International Journal of Science & Technology, 19(1):29-35, (2025).
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Algebra and Number Theory, Group Theory and Generalisations

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

January 30, 2026

Publication Date

January 30, 2026

Submission Date

May 5, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 8, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 39 Number: 1

APA
Uysal, M., & Özkan, E. (2026). On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science, 39(1), 415-440. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1691819
AMA
1.Uysal M, Özkan E. On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2026;39(1):415-440. doi:10.35378/gujs.1691819
Chicago
Uysal, Mine, and Engin Özkan. 2026. “On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties”. Gazi University Journal of Science 39 (1): 415-40. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1691819.
EndNote
Uysal M, Özkan E (March 1, 2026) On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science 39 1 415–440.
IEEE
[1]M. Uysal and E. Özkan, “On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 415–440, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1691819.
ISNAD
Uysal, Mine - Özkan, Engin. “On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties”. Gazi University Journal of Science 39/1 (March 1, 2026): 415-440. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1691819.
JAMA
1.Uysal M, Özkan E. On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2026;39:415–440.
MLA
Uysal, Mine, and Engin Özkan. “On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 39, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 415-40, doi:10.35378/gujs.1691819.
Vancouver
1.Mine Uysal, Engin Özkan. On Pell and Pell-Lucas Vectors and Their Properties. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2026 Mar. 1;39(1):415-40. doi:10.35378/gujs.1691819