COASTAL ZONE PROTECTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES AND TURKISH EFFORTS

Abstract

This paper aims to strengthen our understanding of climate-related risks and human impacts on specific coastal ecosystems in coastal cities in the Mediterranean countries using international project networks and studies of some Mediterranean cities. It draws on an analysis of legal framework, coastal agencies and international projects showing climate change impacts to highlight to national and municipal decision making and potential protection and adaptation options. Kaş-Kekova marine protected area project and ICZM planning efforts are summarized in Turkey from a city planning and public participation approach. The paper shows that public participation is as a necessary tool to ensure a successful implementation of ICZM strategies and climate change adaptation plans for the Mediterranean coastal cities.

Keywords

• coastal zone protection,ICZM,sustainable coastal planning,the Mediterranean countries,Turkey

References

1. ICZM Protocol, 2008, Protocol to the Barcelona Convention on Integrated Coastal Zone Management, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:22009A0204(01)&from=EN
2. MSSD, 2002, A Framework for Environmental Sustainability and Shared Prosperity, INFO/RAC-MAP United Nations Environment Programme, ITALY http://planbleu.org/sites/default/files/upload/files/smdd_uk.pdf
3. Le Visage, C. and Le Tissier, M. (2015) Assessment of CAMP Projects.UNEP/MAP, PAP/RAC, http://meetings.pap-thecoastcentre.org/docs/camp_assessment30042015.pdf
4. MEDPAN website, Network of Marine Protected Area Managers in the Mediterranean, http://www.medpan.org/en/especes-remarquables, http://www.medpan.org/en/pressures, http://www.medpan.org/en/2014-2015-small-projects
5. Roberts, D. (2010) Local government and climate change adaptation: A reality check from Africa. Paper presented at the meeting of 1st World Congress on Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change Resilient Cities 2010, Bonn, Germany.
6. Hopkins, R. (2008) The Transition Handbook. Devon, UK: Green Books.
7. Executive Summary (2014) Coastal Mega Cities. The World Bank e-institute Safe and Resilient Cities e-course Notes
8. Barcelona Convention overview, The Mediterranean Action Plan and its Protocols Brochure. UNEP Barcelona Convention Secretariat, 8/10/2015, http://195.97.36.231/dbases/MAPpublications/Brochure_UNEPMAP_2015_Eng.pdf

9. Concept Note (2015) Regional Workshop on Integrated Coastal Zone Management in The Mediterranean. AFD, Plan Bleu, Antibes, France
10. Conservatoire du Littoral website, http://www.conservatoire-du-littoral.fr
11. National Trust (2014) Shifting Shores- adapting to change Brochure,http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/living-with-change-our-shifting-shores
12. Gressot, M., Galli, A., Grunewald, N., Baaabou, W. and Ouellet-Plamondon, C. (2015) City Footprint And Leverage Points For Resource Management. Paper presented in Eco-city World Summit, Abu Dhabi
13. Sauzade, D., Boudine, T. and Murciano Virto, C. (2015) Economic and social analysis of marine and coastal ecosystems in the Mediterranean. PlanBleu Notes 29, Sophia Antipolis, France
14. Venturini, S., Satta, A., Puddu, M., Firth, J. and Lafitte, A. (2015) Towards a multi-scale coastal risk index for the Mediterranean. PlanBleu Notes 28, Sophia Antipolis, France
15. The Coastal Management Center website, pap-thecoastcenter.org
16. The MedPartnership, Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean Sea Large Marine Ecosystem, themedpartnership.org
17. National System of Marine Protected Areas website, mpa.gov.tr
18. Çağlayan, E. ( 2015) MCPAs in Turkey & Kaş-Kekova MPA. Paper presented in AFD, Plan Bleu workshop on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), Antibes-Juan-les Pins, France
19. Tural, U. (2012) MEDPAN South Turkey Pilot Project, Developing A Management Plan For Kaş-Kekova Specially Protected Area (SPA), Results of Marine Biodiversity Research. Commissioned by WWF MedPO.
20. WWF SEA-MED project website, http://mediterranean.panda.org/about/marine/marine_protected_area/the_seamed_project/
21. Cömert, Ç., Bahar, Ö. and Şahin, N. (2008) Integrated Coastal Zone Management And Cage Siting For Marine Aquaculture. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17(12b), 2217-2225.
22. WWF Turkey website, http://awsassets.wwftr.panda.org/downloads/wwf_z_kart_web.pdf
23. T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Mekansal Planlama Genel Müdürlüğü, Bütünleşik Kıyı Alanları Planları,
24. http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/mpgm/index.php?Sayfa=sayfa&Tur=banner&Id=704
25. Atik, S. A. (2006) Bütünleşik Kıyı Alanı Yönetimi ve Türkiye’deki Bazı Uygulamaların Değerlendirilmesi. 7. Kıyı Mühendisliği Sempozyumu Bildirileri Kitabı, 481-493.
26. Alkan, R.M., Şeker, D.Z., Demirel, D., Kalkan, Y. and Kabdaşlı, S. (2006) Designing An Information System For Supporting Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) - A Case Study. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 15(8a), 829-834.
27. National Trust, 2015, Fifty years of Neptune Coastline Campaign, https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/fifty-years-of-neptune-coastline-campaign
28. Framework Notes, 2015, Meeting of European and Mediterranean Coastal Agencies and Coast Day 2015, Antibes, France http://coastday2015.org/pdfs/FRAMEWORK_NOTE_GOVERNANCE_GB.pdf
29. Plan Bleu Workshop Results Presentation,Coast Day 2015, Antibes Convention Center, France