Sensitive and Selective Pathway of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Commercially Lemon, Watermelon and Mango-pineapple Cold Teas by Square Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract

The present work describes a convenient method for the sensitive and selective pathway of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in lemon, watermelon and mango-pineapple cold teas by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) that is major electroanalytical methods on a carbon paste electrode. Anodic peak current of p-coumaric acid exhibited a well oxidation peak at 780 mV was used as a standard to evaluate TAC in tea samples. In addition, the very well-resolved and reproducible anodic processes, such as accumulation time, frequency, step potential etc. were optimized for the SWAdSV method. The potential applicability of the proposed SWAdSV was illustrated in commercial teas samples. SWAdSV proved to be a faster and easier method to calculate TAC compared to other conventional methods. Furthermore, total antioxidant amounts of commercially lemon, watermelon and mango-pineapple cold teas were found in optimum condition as equivalent to a concentration of 2050±15mg/L, 705±10 mg/L and 808±14 mg/L p-coumaric acid (n=3, 95% confidence level), respectively.

Keywords

• Antioxidant,Voltammetry,Tea,Electrochemistry

References

1. [1] Lugonja, N.M., Stanković, D.M., Spasić, S.D., Roglić, G. M., Manojlović, D. D., Vrvić, M. M. "Comparative Electrochemical Determination of Total Antioxidant Activity in Infant Formula with Breast Milk", Food Analytical Methods, 7: 337–344, (2014).
2. [2] Abdali, D., Samson, S.E., Grover, A. K. "How effective are antioxidant supplements in obesity and diabetes?", Medical Principle Practice, 24: 201–215, (2015).
3. [3] Dias, T. R., Alves, M. G., Tomas, G. D., Socorro, S., Silva, B. M., Oliveira, P. F., "White tea as a promising antioxidant medium additive for sperm storage at room temperature: a comparative study with green tea", Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 62: 608–617, (2014).
4. [4] Jurado-Coronel, J. C., Ávila-Rodriguez, M., Echeverria, V., Hidalgo, O. A., Gonzalez, J., Aliev, G., Barreto, G.E., "Implication of green tea as a possible therapeutic approach for parkinson disease", CNS Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 15: 292—300, (2016).
5. [5] Đudarić, L., Fužinac-Smojver, A., Muhvić, D., Giacometti, J., "The role of polyphenols on bone metabolism in osteoporosis", Food Researck International, 77: 290–298, (2015).
6. [6] Fraga, C. G.; "Plant phenolics and human health : biochemistry, nutrition and pharmacologye", Wiley, (2009).
7. [7] L. A. de la Rosa, E., AlvarezParrilla, G. A. G.-A., "Fruit and vegetable phytochemicals – chemistry, nutritional value, and stability" Wiley-Blackwell, (2009).
8. [8] Blasco, A. J., Rogerio, M. C., González, M. C., Escarpa, A., “Electrochemical Index” as a screening method to determine “total polyphenolics” in foods: A proposal", Analytica Chimica Acta, 539: 237–244, (2005).

9. [9] Tarola, A. M., Van de Velde, F., Salvagni, L., Preti, R. "Determination of phenolic compounds in strawberries (fragaria ananassa duch) by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection", Food Analytical Methods, 6: 227–237, (2013).
10. [10] Bayram, B., Ozcelik, B., Schultheiss, G., Frank, J., Rimbach, G., "A validated method for the determination of selected phenolics in olive oil using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection and a fused-core column", Food Chemistry, 138: 1663–1669, (2013).
11. [11] Nour, V., Trandafir, I., Cosmulescu, S. "HPLC determination of phenolic acids, flavonoids and juglone in walnut leaves", Journal of Chromatographic Science, 51: 883–890, (2013).
12. [12] John, Y., Bowman, P. D., Kerwin, S. M., Stavchansky, S., "Development and validation of an LCMS method to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of caffeic acid phenethyl amide and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in male Sprague–Dawley rats", Biomedical Chromatography, 28: 241–246, (2014).
13. [13] Kicel, A., Owczarek, A., Michel, P., Skalicka-Woźniak, K., Kiss, A. K., Olszewska, M. A., "Application of HPCCC, UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3 and HPLC-PDA methods for rapid, one-step preparative separation and quantification of rutin in Forsythia flowers", Industrial Crops and Products, 76: 86–94, (2015).
14. [14] Bourget, P., Amin, A., Vidal, F., Merlette, C., Lagarce, F., "Comparison of Raman spectroscopy vs. high performance liquid chromatography for quality control of complex therapeutic objects: Model of elastomeric portable pumps filled with a fluorouracil solution", Journal of Pharmaceutical Biomedical Analysis, 91: 176–184, (2014).[15] Kilmartin, P. A., Hsu, C. F., "Characterisation of polyphenols in green, oolong, and black teas, and in coffee, using cyclic voltammetry"., Food Chemistry, 82: 501–512, (2003).
15. [16] Barroso, M. F., Delerue-Matos, C., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., "Electrochemical evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of beverages using a purine-biosensor", Food Chemistry, 132: 1055–1062, (2012).
16. [17] Głód, B. K., Kiersztyn, I., Piszcz, P. "Total antioxidant potential assay with cyclic voltammetry and/or differential pulse voltammetry measurements", Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 719: 24–29, (2014).
17. [18] Menezes Peixoto, C. R. de, Fraga, S., Rosa Justim, J. da, Silva Gomes, M., Gonçalves Carvalho, D., Jarenkow, J. A., Fernandes de Moura, N., "Voltammetric determination of total antioxidant capacity of Bunchosia glandulifera tree extracts", Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 799: 519–524, (2017).
18. [19] David, I. G., Bizgan, A-M. C., Popa, D. E., Buleandra, M., Moldovan, Z., Badea, I. A., Tekiner, T. A., Basaga, H., Ciucu, A. A., "Rapid determination of total polyphenolic content in tea samples based on caffeic acid voltammetric behaviour on a disposable graphite electrode", Food Chemistry, 173: 1059–1065, (2015).
19. [20] Demir, E., İnam, R., "Square wave voltammetric determination of fomesafen herbicide using modified nanostructure carbon paste electrode as a sensor and application to food samples", Food Analytical Methods, 10: 74-82, (2017).
20. [21] Demir, E., Inam, R., Ozkan, S. A., Uslu, B., "Electrochemical behavior of tadalafil on TiO2 nanoparticles–MWCNT composite paste electrode and its determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human serum samples using adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry", Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 18: 2709–2720, (2014).
21. [22] Ginja, T. J., Alfredina, V., Barrocas, D. C., Martins, T. D., "Electroanalytical Study of Macluraxanthone: A Natural Product with a Strong Antioxidant and Antimalarial Activity", Electroanalysis, 29: 2062–2070, (2017).
22. [23] Laviron, E., Roullier, L., Degrand, C., "A multilayer model for the study of space distributed redox modified electrodes: Part II. Theory and application of linear potential sweep voltammetry for a simple reaction", Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 112: 1-23, (1980).
23. [24] Laviron, E., "General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram in the case of diffusionless electrochemical systems", Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 101: 19–28, (1979).
24. [25] Janeiro, P., Novak, I., Seruga, M., Oliveira-Brett, A. M., "Electroanalytical oxidation of p‐coumaric acid". Analytical Letters, 40: 3309-3321, (2007).