Synthesis of Platinum Particles from H2PtCl6 with Hydrazine as Reducing Agent

Abstract

Platinum nanoparticles were obtained by chemical reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid (H₂PtCl₆) with hydrazine at various temperature and pH values. Reducing agent was chosen depending on the oxidation reactions and potential values of chemical materials used in the experiment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature and pH on the structure of platinum particles. The morphology of platinum nanoparticles was investigated by JEOL, JSM-5410LX scanning electron microscope (SEM). Malvern Zetasizer 3000 HSA was used to determine size and zeta potential of platinum nanoparticles. The parameters that correspond to the production of minimum size platinum particles were obtained in addition the corresponding distribution of particle size were determined. These parameters were assumed to be the optimum conditions to obtain platinum nanoparticles from H₂PtCl₆ using hydrazine as reducing agent.

 

Key Words: Pt nanoparticle, H₂PtCl₆, Hydrazine, Chemical reduction.

Keywords

• Pt nanoparticle, H2PtCl6, Hydrazine, Chemical reduction

References

1. [1] Santiago, E.I., Paganin, V.A., Carmo, M., Gonzalez, E.R., Ticianelli, E.A., “Studies of CO tolerance on Modified Gas Diffusion Electrodes Containing Ruthenium Dispersed on Carbon”, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 575:53-60 (2005).
2. [2] Verde-Gomez, Y., Alonso-Nunez, G., Cervantes, F., Keer, A., “Aqueous Solution Reaction to Synthesize Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate and Its Crystallographic and Thermogravimetric Characterization”, Materials Letters, 57: 4667-4672 (2003).
3. [3] Gonzalez-Huerta, R.G., Chavez-Carvayar, J.A., Solorza-Feria, O., “Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction on Carbon Supported Ru-Based Catalysts in A Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell”, Journal of Power Sources, 153:11–17 (2006)
4. [4] Larminie, J., Dicks, A., “Fuel Cell Systems Explained”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 66-69 (2000).
5. [5] Wang, H., Sun, X., Ye, Y., Qiu, S., “Radiation Induced Synthesis of Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes” Journal of Power Sources, 161(2):839-842 (2006).
6. [6] Ralph, T. R., Hogarth, M.P., “Catalysis for Low Temperature Fuel Cells, Partt II: The Anode Challenges”, Platinum Metal Reviews, 46(3): 117-135 (2002).
7. [7] Verde, Y., Alonso-Nunez, G., Miki-Yoshida, M., Jose-Yacaman, M., Ramos, V.H., Keer, A., “Active Area and Particle Size of Pt Particles Synthesized from (NH4 )2PtCl6 on a Carbon Support”, Catalysis Today, 107-108: 826-830 (2005).
8. [8] Verde, Y., Alonso, G., Ramos, V., Zhang, H., Jacobson, A.J., Keer, A., “Pt/C Obtained from Carbon with Different Treatments and (NH4 )2PtCl6 as a Pt Precursor” Applied Catalysis A: General, 277(1-2): 201-207 (2004).

9. [9] Ananiev, A. V., Broudic, J. C., Brossard, Ph., “The Platinum Catalyzed Hydrazine Decomposition in Non-Nitrate Acidic Media”, Applied Catalysis A: General, 242: 1-10 (2003).
10. [10] Solla-Gullon, J., Rodes, A., Montiel, V., Aldaz, A., Clavilier, J., “Electrochemical Characterisation of Platinum-Palldium Nanoparticles Prepared in a Water-in-Oil Microemulsion”, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 554-555: 273-284 (2003).
11. [11] Chen, D. H., Yeh, J. J., Huang, T. C., “Synthesis of Platinum Ultrafine Particles in AOT Reverse Micelles”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 215: 159-166 (1999).
12. [12] Thompson, S.D., Jordan, L.R., Forsyth, M., “Platinum Electrodeposition for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells”, Electrochimica Acta, 46(10-11): 1657-1663 (2001).
13. [13] Thompson, S.D., Jordan, L.R., Shukla, A.K., Forsyth, M., “Platinum Electrodeposition from H3Pt(SO3 )2OH”, Solutions”, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 515(1-2): 61-70 (2001).
14. [14] Kim, M., Park, J.K., Kim, H., Song, S., Lee, W.H., “The Preparation of Pt/C Catalysts Using Various Carbon Materials for the Cathode of PEMFC”, Journal of Power Sources, 163(1): 93-97 (2006).
15. [15] Wang, M., Woo, K.D., Kim, D.K., “Preparation of Pt Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes by Hydrothermal Method”, Energy Conversion and Management, 47(18-19): 3235-3240 (2006).
16. [16] Zhao, J., He, X., Tian, J., Wan, C., Jiang, C., “Reclaim/Recycle of Pt/C Catalysts for PEMFC”, 48 Energy Conversion and Management, 2: 450-453 (2007).
17. [17] Ismagilov, Z.R., Kerzhentsev, M.A., Shikina, N.V., Lisitsyn, A.S., Okhlopkova, L.B., Barnakov, Ch.N., Sakashita, M., Iijima, T., Tadokoro, K., “Development of Active Catalysts for Low Pt Loading Cathodes of PEMFC by Surface Tailoring of Nanocarbon Materials”, Catalysis Today, 102-103: 58-66 (2005).
18. [18] Tan, Y., Dai, X., Li, Y., Zhu, D., “Preparation of Gold, Platinum, Palladium and Silver Nanoparticles by the Reduction of Their Salts with a Weak Reductant-Potassium Bitartrate”, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 13: 1069-1075 (2003).
19. [19] Juodkazis, S., Ishii, H., Matsuo, S., Misawa, H., “Photoelectrochemical Submicrometer Patterning of Titanium Dioxide by Platinum”, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 473: 235-239 (1999).
20. [20] Schindler, A., König, R., Herrmannsdörfer, T., Braun, H. F., Eska, G., Günther, D., Meissner, M., Mertig, M., Wahl, R., Pompe, W., “Superconductivity at 20 mK in Compacted Submicrometer Platinum Powders”, Physica B, 329-333: 1427-1428 (2003).
21. [21] Cushing, B. L., Kolesnichenko, V. L., O’Connor, C. J., “Recent Advances in the Liquid-Phase Syntheses of Inorganic Nanoparticles”, Chemical Reviews, 104(9): 3893-3946 (2004).
22. [22] Vidal-Iglesias, F.J., Solla-Gullon, J., Rodriquez, P., Herrero, E., Montiel, V., Feliu, J.M., Aldaz, A., “Shape-Dependent Electrocatalysis: Ammonia Oxidation on Platinum Nanoparticles with Preferential (1 0 0) Surfaces”, Electrochemistry Communications, 6(10): 1080-1084 (2004).