Comparative Study Between a Battery and Super-capacitor of an Electrical Energy Storage System for a Traditional Vehicle

Year 2022, , 1405 - 1415, 01.12.2022

Majeed Zaidan , Ghanim Hasan Mudhar Al-obaidi

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.969972

Abstract

Lead-acid batteries are widely used in the conventional cars as a main electrical energy storage system to supply the power for the following start. In this paper, the efficacy of lead batteries was evaluated and compared against ultra-capacitors and alternative battery designs via a simulation-based model of the complete process. Specifically, several parameters were assessed such as the weight and reliability. The results confirm the consistency of lead-acid batteries as an appropriate replacement to super-capacitors. The findings were also confirmed by actual measurements carried out in the car.

Keywords

Lead-acid batteries, Super-capacitor, Modelling, Simulation, Performance analysis

References

• [1] Yao, F., Geng, L., Janabi, A., Wang, B., “Impact of modulation schemes on DC-link capacitor of VSI in HEV applications”, In: IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC) (2017). IEEE.
• [2] Ruan, J., Walker, P.D., Watterson, P.A., Zhang, N., “The dynamic performance and economic benefit of a blended braking system in a multi-speed battery electric vehicle”, Applied Energy, 183: 1240–58, (2016)
• [3] Teixeira, A.C.R., Sodré, J.R., “Simulation of the impacts on carbon dioxide emissions from replacement of a conventional Brazilian taxi fleet by electric vehicles”, Energy, 115: Part, 1617–22, (2016).
• [4] Ruan, J., Walker, P., Zhang, N.A., “comparative study energy consumption and costs of battery electric vehicle transmissions”, Applied Energy, 165:119–34, (2016).
• [5] Denis, N., Dubois, M.R., Trovao, J.P.F., Desrochers, A., “Power split strategy optimization of a plug-in parallel hybrid electric vehicle”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(1): 315–326 (2018).
• [6] Badodkar, D.N., “Transient analysis of three-phase high- power voltage source inverter with nonlinearities in hybrid electric vehicles”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(4): 3672–3680 (2018).
• [7] Ruan, J., Walker, P., Zhang, N., “A comparative study energy consumption and costs of battery electric vehicle transmissions”, Applied Energy, 165: 119–34 (2016).
• [8] Song, Z., Hou, J., Hofmann, H, Li J., Ouyang, M., “Sliding-mode and Lyapunov function-based control for battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system used in electric vehicles”, Energy, 122: 601–12 (2017). [9] Walker, P.D., Roser, H., Zhang, N., Fang, Y., “Comparison of Powertrain System Configurations for Electric Passenger Vehicles”, (2015). DOI:10.4271/2015-01-0052.
• [10] Lee, J., Jang, H., Shin, S., Jang, K. and Jung, J., “Over temperature protection in power module for hybrid and electric vehicle”, In 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific) (pp. 432-435). IEEE, (2016).
• [11] Castaings, A., Lhomme, W., Trigui, R., Bouscayrol, A., “Comparison of energy management strategies of a battery/supercapacitors system for electric vehicle under real-time constraints”, Applied Energy, 163: 190–200 (2016).
• [12] Department for Transport UK Road Traffic Estimates: Great Britain (2015). (Access date: 15 may 2020).
• [13] Saxena, S., MacDonald, J., Moura, S., “Charging ahead on the transition to electric vehicles with standard 120 V wall outlets”, Applied Energy, 157:720-8 (2014).
• [14] Bi, Z., Song, L., De Kleine, R., Mi, C.C., Keoleian, G.A., “Plug-in vs. wireless charging: life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions for an electric bus system”, Applied Energy, 146: 11–9 (2015).
• [15] Moon, A., “Analysis of boost converter and interleaved converter for permanent magnet synchronous motor of hybrid electrical vehicle”, In: International conference on electrical, electronics, and optimization techniques (ICEEOT), 4298–4303 (2016).
• [16] Omar, N., Monem, M.A., Firouz, Y., Salminen, J., Smekens, J., Hegazy, O., “Lithium iron phosphate based battery – Assessment of the aging parameters and development of cycle life model”, Applied Energy, 113: 1575–85 (2014).
• [17] Wu, Y., Keil, P., Schuster, S.F., Jossen, A., “Impact of Temperature and Discharge Rate on the Aging of a LiCoO 2 /LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O2 Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 164(7): A1438–45 (2017).
• [18] Cherry, J., Merichko, T., “Battery durability in electrified vehicle applications: a review of degradation mechanisms and durability testing”, Prepared for Environmental Protection Agency: Ann Arbor, MI, USA (2015).
• [19] Senanayake, T., Iijima, R., Isobe, T., Tadano, H., “Z-source with rectangular wave modulation inverter for Hybrid/Electric vehicles”, In: 18th European conference on power electronics and applications (EPE’16 ECCE Europe). IEEE, 1–10 (2016).
• [20] Li, X., Shamsi, P., “Inductance surface learning for model predictive current control of switched reluctance motors”, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 1(3), 287-297 (2015).