The Effect Of Antifreeze Admixtures On Compressive Strength Of Concretes Subjected To Frost Action

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of antifreeze admixture used in the concretes subjected to frost action on the concrete compressive strength. Three groups of concrete samples of C30 class were prepared with antifreeze admixtures by using the mixture of 30% calcium nitrate and 5% hydroxy ethoxy amin (A), calcium nitrate (B), Polyhydroxy amine (C).  Concrete samples are put in the freezer in a fresh state 15 min after the mixing. Samples are subjected to frost action in 0, -5, -10, -15 and -20°C degrees for 48 hours. On the concrete samples water cured after 48 hours, compressive strength tests of 28 day are conducted. Consequently, it is seen that with the increase of the set temperature that concrete is cured, compressive strength of concrete is decreased and among all types of antifreezes the maximum decrease is seen between 0 and -5°C while the decrease in compressive strength is relatively less for -10, -15 and -20°C.

 

Keywords: Antifreeze, concrete production in cold weather, compressive strength.

 

 

Keywords

• Antifreeze, concrete production in cold weather, compressive strength.

References

1. Arslan, M., “Concrete (Casting, Formwork, Durability)”, Atlas Publication, Istanbul , s: 1-216, (2001).
2. Arslan, M., Subaşı, S., “The Effects of Controlled Permeable Formworks on the Surface Hardness of the Concrete”, J. Fac. Eng. Arch.Gazi Univ. 23(4), 885-894, 2008.
3. Ramachandran, V. S., Beaudoin James, J., “Handbook of Anaylitical Techniques in Concrete Science and Technology”, Noyes Publication, New Jersey, 2-16, (2001).
4. Nmai, C., K., “Cold Weather Concreting Admixtures”, Cement end Concrete Composites, Great Britain, 20 : 121 -128, (1998).
5. ACI Committee 306, ACI 306.R-88, “Cold Weather Concreting”, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, (1988).
6. Korhonen, C.,J., “Expendient Low-Temperature Concrete Admixtures for Army”, US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research&Engineering Laboratory, Special Report, 99-17, (1999).
7. Picketh, G., “Flow of Moisturein Hardened Cement During Freezing”, Highway Research Board, 32 276-284, (1953).
8. TS EN 206-1/A1 “Concrete Part-1: Specification, performance, production and conformity”, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, (2006).

9. TS 11746 “Chemical Admixtures for Concrete Antifreezing Agents for Concrete”, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, (1995).
10. Ramachandran, V.S., Concrete Admixtures Handbook, Noyes Publications, Inc. New Jersey, U.S.A., Second Edition, (1995).
11. Prado, P.J., Balcom, B.J., Beyea, T.W., Armstrong, R.L., Grattan-Bellew, P.E., “Concrete Freze/Thaw as Studied by Magnetic Resonance Imagine”, Cement and Concrete Research, 28(2) 261-270, (1998).
12. Pigeon, M., Gagne, R., Aitcin, P.C. and Banthia, N., “Freezing and Thawing Tests of High Strength Concretes”, Cement and Concrete Research, 21(5) 844-852, (1991).
13. Cai, H., Liu, X., “Freze-Thaw Durability of Concrete: Ice Formation Process in Pores, Cement and Concrete Research, 28(9) 1281-1287, (1998).
14. Arslan, M., Subaşı, S. ve Durmuş, G., “The effect of formwork surfaces on capillarity and frost resistance of concrete cover”, Ready Mixed Concrete, 50: 60 66, (2002). [In Turkish]
15. Topçu, İB., Işıkdağ, B., Tatar, Ö., “The effect of Hardened Concrete Properties used of Chemical Admixtures in the Production Ready Mixed Concrete in Eşkişehir”, Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1(12) 21-26, (2006).
16. Yıldırım, H., Pekmezci, B., Y., Ardaç, V., “The Effect of Concrete Compressive Strength use of Concrete Antifreeze Contribution”, Journal of Construction Chemicals Sector, 1; 66-69, (2007).
17. TS EN 480-10, “Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and Grout-Test Methods-Part 10: Determination of Water Soluble Chloride Content”, Turkish Standard, (2010).
18. TS EN 480-12, “Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and Grout-Test Methods-Part 12: Determination of the Alkali Content of Admixtures”, Turkish Standard, (2010).
19. TS 3530 EN 933-1/A1, “Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution-Sieving method”, Turkish Standard , (2007).
20. TS 3529, “Test Method for Determination of the Unit Weight of Aggregates for Concrete”, Turkish Standard, (1980).
21. TS EN 1097-6,“Tests for Mechanical and Physical Properties of Aggregates-Part 6: Determination of Particle Density and Water Absorption”, Turkish Standard, (2002).
22. TSE 802 “Design Concrete Mixes”, Turkish Standard, 1-26, (2009).
23. ASTM C-494 “Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Mineral Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 4 (2) 251-259, (1999).
24. TS EN 934-2 “Admixtures For Concrete, Mortar and Grout-Part 2: Concrete Admixtures; Definitions, Requirements, Conformity, Marking and Labelling”, Turkish Standard, 1-29, (2010).
25. TS 11746 “Chemical Admixtures for Concrete Antifreezing Agents for Concrete”, Turkish Standard, 1-14, (1995).
26. TS 2941, “Determination of Unit Weight, Yield and Air Content of Fresh Concrete By Weighting Procedure”, Turkish Standard, (1978).
27. TS EN 12350-2, “Testing fresh concrete-Part 2: Slump test”, Turkish Standard, (2010).
28. TS EN 12350-3, “Testing fresh concrete - Part 1: Vebe test”, Turkish Standard, (2010).
29. TS EN 12350-7, “Testing fresh concrete - Part 7: Air content - Pressure methods”, Turkish Standard, (2010).
30. TS EN 12390-2, “Testing hardened concrete - Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests”, Turkish Standard, (2010).
31. TS EN 12390-3, “Testing hardened concrete - Part 3 : Compressive strength of test specimens”, Turkish Standard, (2010).
32. Durmuş G., Şimşek O., Dayı M., “The Effects of Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregates on Concrete Properties”, J. Fac. Eng. Arch.Gazi Univ, 24(1) 183-189, (2009).
33. Erdoğan T., “Concrete”, METU, Ankara, (2003).
34. Topçu. B. İ, “Building Materials and Concrete”, Eşkişehir (2006).