Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region

Year 2018, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 01.03.2018

Abstract

Ortahisar
Castle is one of the highest rock-cut structures in Cappadocia Region and there
are some problems on its material and structure, which endanger its existence.
The aim of this study is to analyse the problems of the rock-cut castle and to
suggest solutions for damages according to the data obtained through in-situ
dam-age assessment, laboratory and in-situ tests which were done during the
winter and summer season in 2014. The mechanical, physical, chemical,
petrographic and mineralogical characteristics of the rock samples were
assessed and the deterioration of the rock material was researched. Finally,
suggestions to overcome the problems were proposed.

References

  • [1] Özata, Ş., “ Kapadokya Bölgesi Kaya Oyma Yapı Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri”, MSc Thesis, Yıldız Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Istanbul,16-18, (2015).
  • [2] Ayhan, A., “Geological and Morphological Investigations of the Underground Cities of Cappadocia Using GIS”, MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ankara, 12-13, (2004).
  • [3] American Society for Testing Materials D2845, “ASTM D2845: Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock”, Philadelphia, (2004).
  • [4] Istanbul Technical University Geological Survey Team (ITU JAL), “Mineralojik ve Petrografik İnceleme Raporu”, ITU JAL Report, Istanbul, 1-5, (2014).
  • [5] Turkish Standards European Norm 1936, “TS EN 1936: Natural Stone Test Methods - Determination of Real Density and Apparent Density, and of Total and Open Porosity”, Ankara, (2010).
  • [6] Yüzer, N. and Ekşi Akbulut, D., “Tarihi Yapılarda Malzeme Ozellikleri Basılmamis Ders Notları”, YTU Architecture Faculty PhD Lesson Seminar, Istanbul, 20-22, (2014).
  • [7] Turkish Standards European Norm 15886, “TS EN 15886: Conservation of Cultural Property - Test Methods – Color Measurement of Surfaces”, Ankara, (2011).
  • [8] Turkish Standards European Norm 15801, “TS EN 15801: Conservation of Cultural Property - Test Methods - Determination of Water Absorption by Capillarity”, Ankara, (2010).
  • [9] International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), Conservation of Architectural Heritage, Historic Structures and Materials Arc Laboratory Handbook, Atel Spa, Italy, (1999).
  • [10] Turkish Standards European Norm 1926,“ TS EN 1926: Natural Stone Test Methods - Determination of Uniaxial Compressive Strength”, Ankara, (2007).
  • [11] Yıldırım, M. and Gökaşan, E., Mühendisler İçin Jeoloji Bilgileri, 2nd edition, Yıldız Technical University Printing and Publishing, Istanbul, (2013).
  • [12] Helvacı, C. and Ersoy, Y., “Magmatik Petrografi Laboratuvar Notları”, http://kisi.deu.edu.tr/yalcin.ersoy/ petrografi %20lab.pdf , (2014).
  • [13] Akhavan, A.C., “The Silica Group”, http://www.quartzpage.de/gen_mod.html, (2005).
  • [14] De Witte, E., “Conservation of the Göreme Rock”, The Safeguard of the Rock-Hewn Churches of the Göreme Valley International Symposium, 5-10 September 1993, Nevşehir, (1995).
  • [15] Yılmazer, İ., Kale, S. and Çongar, B., “ The Time Factor Accelerating Deterioration in the Göreme Historical Site”, The Safeguard of the Rock-Hewn Churches of the Göreme Valley International Symposium, Nevşehir, 22-28 (1995).
  • [16] Yorulmaz, M. and Ahunbay, Z., “ Structural Consolidation of El Nazar Church”, The Safeguard of the Rock-Hewn Churches of the Göreme Valley International Symposium, Nevşehir, 53-57, (1995).
  • [17] Ulusay, R., Gokceoglu, C., Topal, T., Sonmez, H., Tuncay E., Erguler, Z.A. and Kasmer, Ö., “ Assessment of Environmental and Engineering Geological Problems for the Possible Re-Use of an Abandoned Rock-Hewn Settlement in Urgup (Cappadocia), Turkey”, Environmental Geology, 50: 473–494, (2006).
Year 2018, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 01.03.2018

Abstract

References

  • [1] Özata, Ş., “ Kapadokya Bölgesi Kaya Oyma Yapı Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri”, MSc Thesis, Yıldız Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Istanbul,16-18, (2015).
  • [2] Ayhan, A., “Geological and Morphological Investigations of the Underground Cities of Cappadocia Using GIS”, MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ankara, 12-13, (2004).
  • [3] American Society for Testing Materials D2845, “ASTM D2845: Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock”, Philadelphia, (2004).
  • [4] Istanbul Technical University Geological Survey Team (ITU JAL), “Mineralojik ve Petrografik İnceleme Raporu”, ITU JAL Report, Istanbul, 1-5, (2014).
  • [5] Turkish Standards European Norm 1936, “TS EN 1936: Natural Stone Test Methods - Determination of Real Density and Apparent Density, and of Total and Open Porosity”, Ankara, (2010).
  • [6] Yüzer, N. and Ekşi Akbulut, D., “Tarihi Yapılarda Malzeme Ozellikleri Basılmamis Ders Notları”, YTU Architecture Faculty PhD Lesson Seminar, Istanbul, 20-22, (2014).
  • [7] Turkish Standards European Norm 15886, “TS EN 15886: Conservation of Cultural Property - Test Methods – Color Measurement of Surfaces”, Ankara, (2011).
  • [8] Turkish Standards European Norm 15801, “TS EN 15801: Conservation of Cultural Property - Test Methods - Determination of Water Absorption by Capillarity”, Ankara, (2010).
  • [9] International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), Conservation of Architectural Heritage, Historic Structures and Materials Arc Laboratory Handbook, Atel Spa, Italy, (1999).
  • [10] Turkish Standards European Norm 1926,“ TS EN 1926: Natural Stone Test Methods - Determination of Uniaxial Compressive Strength”, Ankara, (2007).
  • [11] Yıldırım, M. and Gökaşan, E., Mühendisler İçin Jeoloji Bilgileri, 2nd edition, Yıldız Technical University Printing and Publishing, Istanbul, (2013).
  • [12] Helvacı, C. and Ersoy, Y., “Magmatik Petrografi Laboratuvar Notları”, http://kisi.deu.edu.tr/yalcin.ersoy/ petrografi %20lab.pdf , (2014).
  • [13] Akhavan, A.C., “The Silica Group”, http://www.quartzpage.de/gen_mod.html, (2005).
  • [14] De Witte, E., “Conservation of the Göreme Rock”, The Safeguard of the Rock-Hewn Churches of the Göreme Valley International Symposium, 5-10 September 1993, Nevşehir, (1995).
  • [15] Yılmazer, İ., Kale, S. and Çongar, B., “ The Time Factor Accelerating Deterioration in the Göreme Historical Site”, The Safeguard of the Rock-Hewn Churches of the Göreme Valley International Symposium, Nevşehir, 22-28 (1995).
  • [16] Yorulmaz, M. and Ahunbay, Z., “ Structural Consolidation of El Nazar Church”, The Safeguard of the Rock-Hewn Churches of the Göreme Valley International Symposium, Nevşehir, 53-57, (1995).
  • [17] Ulusay, R., Gokceoglu, C., Topal, T., Sonmez, H., Tuncay E., Erguler, Z.A. and Kasmer, Ö., “ Assessment of Environmental and Engineering Geological Problems for the Possible Re-Use of an Abandoned Rock-Hewn Settlement in Urgup (Cappadocia), Turkey”, Environmental Geology, 50: 473–494, (2006).
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Architecture & City and Urban Planning
Authors

Şerife Özata This is me

Emine Görün Arun This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 31 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özata, Ş., & Görün Arun, E. (2018). Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region. Gazi University Journal of Science, 31(1), 1-11.
AMA Özata Ş, Görün Arun E. Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region. Gazi University Journal of Science. March 2018;31(1):1-11.
Chicago Özata, Şerife, and Emine Görün Arun. “Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region”. Gazi University Journal of Science 31, no. 1 (March 2018): 1-11.
EndNote Özata Ş, Görün Arun E (March 1, 2018) Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region. Gazi University Journal of Science 31 1 1–11.
IEEE Ş. Özata and E. Görün Arun, “Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2018.
ISNAD Özata, Şerife - Görün Arun, Emine. “Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region”. Gazi University Journal of Science 31/1 (March 2018), 1-11.
JAMA Özata Ş, Görün Arun E. Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2018;31:1–11.
MLA Özata, Şerife and Emine Görün Arun. “Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 31, no. 1, 2018, pp. 1-11.
Vancouver Özata Ş, Görün Arun E. Damage Assessment of Rock-Cut Ortahisar Castle in Cappadocia Region. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2018;31(1):1-11.