A Comperative Study on the Influence of Mineral Additives to the Physicomechanical Properties of NHL Mortars Cured in Water

Year 2021, Volume: 34 Issue: 3, 611 - 628, 01.09.2021

Dilara Gür Seden Acun Özgünler

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.746983

Cited By: 3

Abstract

This paper focuses on producing a natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortar with metakaolin, expanded perlite and tuff additives for the purpose of repairing historic masonry. The experimental study was based on laboratory tests for determining the mechanical and physical properties of NHL mortars with mineral additives, under standard and water curing conditions at 7, 28 and 90-day testing periods. Following preliminary tests for selecting most favourable materials; flexural strength, compressive strength, adhesion strength, modulus of elasticity and ultrasound tests were conducted for obtaining mechanical performance. Adhesion strength of mortars were determined by applying each mortar to the most common historic masonry materials. Physical performance of the pozzolan added mortars were investigated through; apparent density, bulk density, water permeability, capillary absorption, water vaporpermeability, porosity tests. Regardless of mineral additive type; water cured mortars reached higher physico-mechanical properties in comparison with the ones cured in relative humidity. Overall, water cured natural hydraulic lime mortars with specific amounts of mineral addition are found promising for the repair of historic masonry. 

Keywords

Hydraulic lime, Mineral additive, Historic masonry, Repair mortar, Water curing

References

• [1] Ahunbay, Z., Ersen, A., Gürdal, E., Acun, S., Güleç, A., Erdoğan, M., Geçkinli, A.E., “Research on the Characterization and Deterioration of the Stones the Bricks and the Khorasan Mortars of the Tower 4 of the Land Walls of Istanbul”, Final Report, (2003).
• [2] Grilo, J., Santos Silva, A., Faria, P., Gameiro, A., Veiga, R., Velosa, A., “Mechanical and mineralogical properties of hydraulic lime-metakaolin mortars in different curing conditions”, Construction and Building Materials, 51, 287-294, (2013).
• [3] Vavricuk, A., Bokan-Bosilijkov, A., Kramar, S., “The influence of metakaolin on the properties of natural hydraulic lime-based grouts for historic masonry repair”, Construction and Building Materials, 172, 706-716, (2018).
• [4] Grist, E.R., Paine, K.A., Heath, A., Norman, J., Pinder, H., “Structural and durability properties of hydraulic lime-pozzolan concretes”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 62, 212-223, (2015).
• [5] Gür, D., “A Study on Hydraulic Lime Mortars with Pozzolan Addition for Historic Masonry Repairs”, MSc Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul (2019).
• [6] Erdoğan, S. T. ve Erdoğan, T.Y., “Puzolanik Mineral Katkılar ve Tarihi Geçmişleri”, 2. Yapılarda Kimyasal Katkılar Sempozyum ve Sergisi Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara : TMMOB İnşaat Mühendisleri Odası Yayınevi, 263-275, (2007).
• [7] Ülger, B., “Perlitin Puzolanik Aktivitesi”, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul (2007).
• [8] Cachim, P., Velosa, A.L., Rocha, F., “Effect of Portuguese metakaolin on hydraulic lime concrete using different curing conditions”, Consturction and Building Materials, 24, 71-78 (2010).
• [9] Grilo, J., Faria, P., Veiga, R., Santos Silva A., Silva, V., Velosa, A., “New natural hydraulic lime mortars - Physical and microstructural properties in different curing conditions”, Construction and Building Materials, 54, 378-384, (2014).
• [10] Veiga, M.R., Velosa, A.L., Magalhaes, A., “Experimantal applications of mortars with pozzolanic additions: Characterization and performance evaluation”. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 318-327 (2009).
• [11] Ekiz Barış, K., Tanaçan, L., “Earth of Datça: Development of Pozzolanic Activity with Steam Curing”, Construction and Building Materials, 139, 212-220 (2017).
• [12] TS EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement - Part 1: Determination of strength, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2016).
• [13] TS 25, Natural pozzolan (Trass) for use in cement and concrete - Definitions, requirements and conformity criteria, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2008).
• [14] TS EN 1936, Natural stone test methods - Determination of real density and apparent density and of total and open porosity, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara (2010).
• [15] TS EN 1015-11, Methods of test for mortar for masonry- Part 11: Determination of flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2000).
• [16] Özçep, F., Karabulut, S., Özgüven, B., Sanlı, O., “Tahribatsız Test Yöntemleri ve Ultrasonik Hız Ölçümleri”, Jeofizik Bülteni, 22, 11-24, (2012).
• [17] Tavlı, E., “Ultrasonik Tomografi ve Ultrases Geçiş Hızı Yöntemiyle Betonda Kusur Tespiti”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul (2017).
• [18] TS EN 14579, Natural stone test methods - Determination of sound speed propagation, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2006).
• [19] TS EN 12004-2, Adhesives for ceramic tiles - Part 2: Test methods, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2017).
• [20] TS EN 12004-1, Adhesives for ceramic tiles - Part 1: Requirements, assessment and verification of constancy of performance, classification and marking, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2017).
• [21] Toydemir, N., Gürdal, E. ve Tanaçan, L., Yapı elemanı tasarımında malzeme, İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları, (2000).
• [22] TS EN 1925, Natural stone test methods- Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2000).
• [23] TS 699, Natural building stones - Methods of inspection and laboratory testing, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2009).
• [24] TS EN 13755, Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2009).
• [25] Stefanidou, M., Papayianni, I., “The role of aggregates on the structure and properties of lime mortars. Cement and Concrete Composites”, 27, 914-919, (2005).
• [26] Güner, M.S., Süme, V., Yapı Malzemesi ve Beton 3. Baskı, Aktif Yayınevi, İstanbul, (2001).
• [27] TS EN 12086, Thermal insulating products for building applications-Determination of long term water absorption by immersion, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2013).
• [28] Özgünler, S.A., “Tarihi Yapılarda Kullanılan Volkanik Tüflerin Konservasyonu Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Od Taşı Örneği”, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, (2007).
• [29] TS EN 1015-3, Methods of test for mortar for masonry- Part 3: Determination of consistence of fresh mortar (by flow table), Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, (2000).
• [30] Pavlik, V., Uzakova, M., “Effects of curing conditions on the properties of lime, lime-metakaolen and lime-zeolite mortars”, Construction and Building Materials, 102, 14-25, (2016).
• [31] Ulukaya, S., Yüzer, N., Yoruç, A.B.H. Tarihi Yapılarda Özgün Malzeme Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi: Koca Ragıp Paşa Kütüphanesi Örneği, 6. Ulusal Yapı Malzemesi Kongresi, İstanbul, 73-82, (2012).
• [32] Oğuz, C., Türker, F., Koçkal, N.U., “Andriake Limanı’nda Roma, Bizans ve Selçuklu Dönemi Harçların Özellikleri”, İMO Teknik Dergi, 429, 6993-7013,
• [33] Özkaya, Ö.A., Böke, H., İpekoğlu, B., “Roma dönemi tuğla ve harçların özellikleri: Bergama Serapis Tapınağı örneği, 3. Uluslararası Yapı Malzemesi Kongresi ve Sergisi Kongre Bildirileri”, İstanbul, s.616-627, (2006).
• [34] Kocataşkın, F., Yapı Malzemesi Bilimi: Özellikler ve Deneyler 1.Baskı, Birsen Yayınevi, İstanbul, (2000).
• [35] Akman, M.S., Güner, A., Aksoy, İ.H., “Horasan Harcı ve Betonunun Tarihi ve Teknik Özellikleri”, 2. Uluslararası Türk – İslam Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Kongresi, İstanbul, (1986).
• [36] Uğurlu, E., Böke, H., “Osmanlı dönemi yapılarında kullanılan horasan sıvalarının özellikleri”, Kagir Yapılarda Koruma ve Onarım Semineri I, İstanbul, 135-142, (2009).
• [37] Moropoulou, A., Bakolas, A., Moundoulas, P., Aggelakoupoulou, E., Anagnostopoulou, S., “Strength development and lime reaction in mortars for repairing historic masonries”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 27, 289-294, (2005).
• [38] Briccoli, B.S., ve Rovero, L., “Gli additivi per malte usati nell’ antichita. In Mascolo”, Materiali e tecniche per il Restauro Cassino, AIMAT, INISM, (1997).
• [39] Debes, G., Kagir Beton Betonarme, İTÜ Matbaası, İstanbul, (1949).
• [40] Mosquera, M.J., Silva, B., Prieto, B., Ruiz-Herrera, E., “Addition of cement to lime-based mortars: Effect on pore structure and vapor transport”, Cement and Concrete Research, 36, 1635-1642, (2006).
• [41] Silva, B.A., Ferreira Pinto, A.P., Gomes, A., “Natural hydraulic lime versus cement for blended lime mortars for restoration work”, Construction and Building Materials, 94, 346-360, (2015).