Effect of Aerobic Composting on Some Environmental Health Parameters

Year 2010, Volume: 23 Issue: 4, 423 - 428, 19.03.2010

E. Arslan Topal Murat Topal Erdal Öbek Ubeyde İpek Oktay Baykara

Abstract

Environmental health properties such as total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and heavy metals were investigated during composting of Marketplace Waste (MW) and the changes in radioactivity were investigated in raw and stabile composts. The number of coliforms decreased during composting and the composts obtained in this study had heavy metals under the standards.  Alpha and beta radioactivity levels decreased. The concentrations of 40 K and 137Cs were determined. The results obtained from the investigated parameters showed that the risk for human health could not arise during the usage of these composts in soil. 

 

Key Words: Waste, health, composting, radioactivity, heavy metals, indicator bacteria.

 

Keywords

Waste, health, composting, radioactivity, heavy metals, indicator bacteria

References

• [1] Arslan, E.I., İpek, U., Öbek, E., Topal, M., Baykara, O., (Accepted-a). In-vessel composting. I: Kitchen wastes, Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi.
• [2] Arslan, E.I., İpek, U., Öbek, E., Topal, M., (Accepted-b). In-vessel composting. II: Grass clippings, Uludağ Üniversitesi MühendislikMimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi.
• [3] Weiner, R.F., Matthews, R., “Environmental Engineering”, Fourth edition, ButterworthHeinemann, Elsevier Science, USA,(2003).
• [4] Lester, J.N., Birkett, J.W., “Microbiology and Chemistry for Environmental Scientists and Engineers”, Spon Press, Second Edition, London and NewYork,(1999).
• [5] Smith, S.R., “A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge”, Environ. Int., 35 (1): 142-156 (2009).
• [6] Brun, L.A., Maillet, J., Hinsinger, P., Pepin, M., “Evaluation of copper availability to plants in copper-contaminated vineyard soils”, Environ. Pollut., 111: 293–302 (2001).
• [7] Gincchio, R., Rodriguez, P.H., Badilla-Ohlbaum, R., Allen, H.E., Lagos, G.E., “Effect of soil copper content and pH on copper uptake of selected vegetables grown under controlled conditions”, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21: 1736–1744 (2002).
• [8] Friesl, W., Friedl, J., Platzer, K., Horak, O., Gerzabek, M.H., “Remediation of contaminated agricultural soils near a former Pb/Zn smelter in Austria: batch, pot and field experiments”, Environ. Pollut., 144: 40–50 (2006).
• [9] Guala, S.D., Vega, F.A., Covelo, E.F., “The dynamics of heavy metals in plant–soil interactions”, Ecol. Model., In Press.
• [10] Liu, W.X., Shen, L.F., Liu, J.W., Wang, Y.W., Li, S.R., “Uptake of toxic heavy metals by rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in the agricultural soils near Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China”, B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 79: 209–213 (2007).
• [11] Wei, B., Yang, L., “A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China”, Microchem. J., 94 (2): 99-107 (2010).
• [12] MacFarlane, G.R., Burchett, M.D., “Toxicity, growth and accumulation relationships of copper, lead and zinc in the grey mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh”, Mar. Environ. Res., 54: 65– 84 (2002).
• [13] Walker, D.J., Clemente, R., Roig, A., Bernal, M.P., “The effects of soil amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in two contaminated Mediterranean soils”, Environ. Pollut., 122: 303–312 (2003).
• [14] İnternet:TENORM. http://www.tenorm.com/bkgrnd.htm (2009).
• [15] Cha, H.J., Kang, M.J., Chung, G.H., Choi, G.S., “Accumulation of 137Cs in soils on different bedrock geology and textures”, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch., 267 (2): 349-355 (2006).
• [16] APHA, AWWA and WPCF., “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”, Washington, (1989).
• [17] Hseu, Z.Y., “Evaluating heavy metal contents in nine composts using four digestion methods”, Bioresource Technol., 95: 53-59 (2004).
• [18] Zheljazkov, V.D., Nielson, N.E., “Effect of heavy metals on peppermint and cornmint”, Plant Soil, 178: 59-66 (1996).
• [19] Doğru, M., Kumral, H.M., Külahcı, F., Canbazoğlu, C., Baykara, O., “Determination of low level Pb-210 activity in tobacco by using 61 keV beta energy line”, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch. Letters, 249: 663– 664 (2001).
• [20] Canbazoğlu, C., Doğru, M., Külahcı, F., Baykara, O., “Elazığ içme ve kullanım sularındaki toplam alfa ve beta radyoaktivite seviyelerinin belirlenmesi”, F.Ü. Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 12: 125-133 (2000).
• [21] Alkan, H., “İstanbul İçme Suyu Kaynaklarının Kirlilik Analizleri, Radyoaktivite ve Ağır Metal Kirliliği”, İ.Ü., İstanbul, (1989).
• [22] AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemist, 15th ed. 2 vols. Kenneth Helrich ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), Inc., Arlington, Virginia, USA, (1990).
• [23] Adams, R.C., MacLean, F.S., Dixon, J.K., Bennett, F.M., Martin, G.I., Lough, R.C., “The Utilization of Organic Wastes in N.Z.: Second Interim Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee”, New Zeland Engineering, November 15, 396-424, (1951).
• [24] SSSA, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods. Bartels, J.M. ed. Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) Book Series No. 5. SSSA and ASA, Madison,WI., USA, (1996).
• [25] Lin, C., “A negative-pressure aeration system for composting food wastes”, Bioresource Technol., 99 (16): 7651-7656 (2008).
• [26] Richard, T.L., “Municipal solid waste composting: physical and biological processing”, Biomass Bioenerg., 3: 163–180 (1992).
• [27] Farrell, M., Jones, D.L., “Heavy metal contamination of a waste compost: Metal speciation and fate”, Bioresource Technol., 100 (19): 4423- 4432 (2009).
• [28] Kao, H.J., Kim, K.Y., Kim, H.T., Kim, C.N., Umeda, M., ‘Evaluation of maturity parameters and heavy metal contents in composts made from animal manure’, Waste Management, 28(5):813-820, (2008).
• [29] Cai, Q.Y., Mo, C.H., Wu, Q.T., Zeng, Q.Y., Katsoyiannis, A., “Concentration and speciation of heavy metals in six different sewage sludgecomposts”, J. Hazard. Mater., 147 (3): 1063-1072 (2007).
• [30] Malek, M.A., Hinton, T.G., Webb, S.B., “A comparison of 90Sr and 137Cs uptake in plants via three pathways at two Chernobyl-contaminated sites”, J. Environ. Radioactiv., 58 (2-3): 129-141 (2002).
• [31] Breshears, D.D., Kirchner, T.B., Whicker, F.W., “Contaminant transport through agroecosystems: assessing relative importance of environmental, physiological, and management factors”, Ecol. Appl., 2 (3): 285-297 (1992).
• [32] Zamin, M., Shaheen, T., Zaidi, S.A.R., “Ion exchange of 90Sr and 137Cs into 1-vinyl-2- pyrrolidone-divinylbenzene cation-exchange resin” , Appl. Organomet. Chem., 19 (1): 125- 128 (2005).
• [33] Tyler, A.N., Heal, K.V., “Predicting areas of 137Cs loss and accumulation in upland catchments”, Water Air Soil Poll., 121: 1-4 (2000).