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Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Stem of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Infected by Phytophthora capsici L.

Year 2012, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 307 - 312, 17.04.2012

Esra Koc Ayşen Ustun

Abstract

In this study, PAL activity in stems of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants infected by the root rot pathogen Phytophthora capsici-22 in a resistant (PM-702) and two susceptible (Kahramanmaraş-Hot (KM-Hot) and Demre-8) cultivar were studied. The response of the PAL activity in the resistant cultivar was faster and higher than in the susceptible cultivars (p < 0.01). The increase in production of  PAL upon Phytophthora capsici-22 were higher in the infected plants compared to the non-infected (control) plants (p < 0.01) . An early induction of PAL was observed in the stems of three peppers infected with P.capsici within two days.

 

Keywords: Capsicum annuum, defence, pepper, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, Phytophthora capsici

 

Keywords

Capsicum annuum defence pepper phenylalanine ammonia lyase Phytophthora capsici

References

  • Anonymous, “Phytophthora blight of pepper. Report on Plant Disease”, Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, 947: 3 (2001).
  • Apel H.M., “Phenolics in ecological interactions: the importance of oxidation”, J. of Chemical Ecol., 9:1521- 1552 (1993).
  • Borden S., Higgins V.J., “Hydrogen peroxide plays a critical role in the defence response of tomato to Cladosporium fulvum”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 61: 227–236 (2002).
  • Chang A., Lim M.H., Lee S.W., Robb E.J., Nazar R.N., “Tomato phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family, highly redundant but strongly underutilized”, The J.of Biol. Chem., 283(48): 33591–33601 (2008).
  • Cinar A., Bicici M., “Control of Phytophthora capsici Leonian on red peppers”, J. of Turkish Phytopathol., 6:119-124, (1977).
  • Corsini D.L., Pavek J.J., “Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and fungitoxic metabolites produced by potato cultivars in response to Fusarium tuber rot”, Physiol. Plant Pathol., 16: 63–72, (1980).
  • Cui Y., Magill J., Frederiksen R., Magill C., “Chalcone synthase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase mRNA following exposure of sorghum seedlings to three fungal pathogens”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 49:187- 199, (1996).
  • Dixon R.A., “The phytoalexin response: Elicitation, signalling and the control of host gene expression”, Biol. Rev., 61: 239-291, (1986).
  • Dixon RA, Paiva NL “Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism”, Plant Cell, 7:1085-1097, (1995).
  • Egea G.C., Dickinson M.J., Candela M., Candela M.E., “ß-1,3-glucanase isoenzymes and gene in stems of resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum annuum) varieties infected with Phytophthora capsici”, Physiol. Plant., 107: 312-318, (1999).
  • El Ghaouth A.E., Wilson C.L., Callahan A.M., “Induction of chitinase, ß -1-3, glucanase and PAL in peach fruit of UV-C treatment”, Phytopathol., 93:349- 355, (2003).
  • El Modafar C., El Boustani E., “Cell wall-bound phenolic acid and lignin contents in date palm as related to its resistance to Fusarium oxysporum”, Biol. Plant., 44: 125–130, (2001).
  • El Modafar C., Tantaoui A., El Boustani E., “Changes in cell wallbound phenolic compounds and lignin in roots of date palm cultivars differing in susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis”, J. Phytopathol., 148: 405–411, (2000).
  • Erwin D.C., Ribeiro O.K., “Phytophthora diseases worldwide” Am. Phytopathol. Soc., St. Paul, MN, (1996).
  • Fernandez P.S. “Host-pathogen interactions in the root rot Phytophthora capsici/ Capsicum annuum resistant CM-334 pathosystem”, Phd. Dissertation, New Mexico State University, (1997a).
  • Fernandez P.S., Liddell C., “Resistance of Capsicum annuum CM-334 to Phytophthora root rot and phenol biosynthesis”, Phytopathol., 87: 529, (1997b).
  • Hahlbrock K., Scheel D., “Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism”, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 40: 347–369 (1989).
  • Hammerschmidt R., “Phytoalexins: what have we learned after 60 years?”, Annu. Rev. of Phytopathol., 37:285-306 (1999).
  • Hoagland D.R., and Arnon D.I., “The water culture method growing plants without soil”, California Agriculture Experiment Station Circular, 347 (1950).
  • Jones D.H., “Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase: regulation of its induction, and its role in plant development”, Phytochem., 23:1349–1359, (1984).
  • Jung W.J., Jin Y.L., Kim Y.C., Kim K.Y., Park R.D., Kim T.H., “Inoculation of Paenibacillus illinoisensis alleviates root mortality, activates of lignification- related enzymes, and induction of the isozymes in pepper plants infected by Phytophthora capsici”, Biol. Control, 30: 645–652, (2004).
  • Kombrink E., Somssich I.E, “Defense responses of plants to pathogens”, In: Callow JA, ed. Advances in Botanical Research, UK: Academic Press 21, London, 1–34, (1995).
  • Leonian L.H., “Stem and fruit blight of peppers caused by Phytophthora capsici sp. nov.”, Phytopathol., 12: 401- 408, (1922).
  • Liu L., Rahe J.E., “Altered root exudation and suppression of induced lignification as mechanisms of predisposition by glyphosate of bean roots (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to colonization by Pythium spp”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 51: 111–27, (1997).
  • Lummerzheim M., Sandroni M., Castresana C., Oliveira D., Van-Montagu M., Roby D., Timmerman B., “Comparative
  • characterization of necrosis induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by lead nitrate and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris after foliar spray”, Plant Cell Environ., 18: 499-509, (1995). and
  • enzymatic Mauch M.B., Slusarenko A.J., “Production of Salicylic Acid Precursors Is a Major Function of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase in the Resistance of Arabidopsis to Peronospora parasitica”, Plant Cell, 8(2): 203–212, (1996).
  • Mohammi M., azemi H., “Changes in peroxidase and polyphenol activity in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and induced resistance”, Plant Sci., 162: 491-498, (2002).
  • Mozzetti C., Ferraris L., Tamietti G., Matta A., “Variation in enzyme activities in leaves and cell suspensions as markers of incompatibility in different Phytophthora–pepper interactions”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 46: 95–107, (1995).
  • Ochoa A.N., Gómez P.J.E., “Activity of enzymes involved in capsaicin biosynthesis in callus tissue and fruits of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) ”, J. Plant Physiol., 141:147-152 (1993).
  • Ochoa A.N., Salgado G.R., “Phenylalanine ammonia- lyase activity and capsaicin-precursor compounds in ñ- fluorophenylalanine-resistant and -sensitive variant cells of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) ”, Physiol. Plant., 85:173-179 (1992).
  • Orczyk W., Hipskind J., De Neergaard E., Goldsbrough P., Nicholson R.L., “Stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in sorghum in response to inoculation with Bipolaris maydis”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 48: 55–64 (1996).
  • Requena M.E., Egea-Gilabert C., Candela M.E., “Nitric Oxide in the Capsicum annuum-Phytophthora capsici interaction”, Physiol. Plant., 124: 50- 60, (2005).
  • Sharan M., Taguchi G., Gonda K., Jouke T., Shimosaka M., Hayashida N., Okazaki M., “Effects of methyl jasmonate
  • phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and accumulation of on the activation
  • of scopoletin and scopolin in tabacco cell cultures”, Plant Sci., 132: 13–19, (1998).
  • Shiraishi T., Yamaoka N., Kunoh H., “Association between
  • activity and cinnamic acid synthesis and the induction of temporary inaccessibility caused by Erysiphe graminis primary germ tube penetration of the barley leaf”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 34:75–83, (1989).
  • Umesha S., “Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in tomato seedlings and its relationship to bacterial canker disease resistance”, Phytoparasitica, 34(1):68-71, (2006).
  • Wada M., Kato H., Malik K., Sriprasertsak P., Ichinoise Y., Shiraishi T., Yamada T., “A supprescin from a phytopathogenic fungus deactivates transcription of a plant defense gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia- lyase”, J. Mol. Biol., 249: 513-519, (1995).
  • Ward E.W.B., Stoessl A., “Isolataion of the phyoalexin capsidiol from pepper leaves and stems”, 66th Annu. Meet. of the Am. Phytopat. Soc., Vancouver, 11-15, (1974).
  • Wu J.Y., Lin L.D., “Ultrasound-induced stress responses of Panax ginseng cells: Enzymatic browning and phenolics production”, Biotechnol. Prog., 18: 862- 866, (2002).
  • Yamada T., Sriprasertsak P., Kato H., Hashimoto T., Shimizu H., Shiraishi T., Functional analysis of promoters of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes in pea”, Plant Cell Physiol., 35: 917-926, (1994).
  • Yoshioka H., Miyabe M., Hayakawa Y., Doke N., “Expression of genes for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in aged potato tubers infected with Phytophthora infestans”, Plant Cell Rep., 37:81- 90, (1996).
  • Ziouti A., El Modafar C., El Mandili A., El Boustani E., and
  • caféoylshikimiques des racines du palmier dattier, principaux composés fongitoxiques vis-à-vis du Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis”, J. Phytopathol., 144:197–202, (1996).

Year 2012, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 307 - 312, 17.04.2012

Esra Koc Ayşen Ustun

Abstract

References

  • Anonymous, “Phytophthora blight of pepper. Report on Plant Disease”, Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, 947: 3 (2001).
  • Apel H.M., “Phenolics in ecological interactions: the importance of oxidation”, J. of Chemical Ecol., 9:1521- 1552 (1993).
  • Borden S., Higgins V.J., “Hydrogen peroxide plays a critical role in the defence response of tomato to Cladosporium fulvum”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 61: 227–236 (2002).
  • Chang A., Lim M.H., Lee S.W., Robb E.J., Nazar R.N., “Tomato phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family, highly redundant but strongly underutilized”, The J.of Biol. Chem., 283(48): 33591–33601 (2008).
  • Cinar A., Bicici M., “Control of Phytophthora capsici Leonian on red peppers”, J. of Turkish Phytopathol., 6:119-124, (1977).
  • Corsini D.L., Pavek J.J., “Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and fungitoxic metabolites produced by potato cultivars in response to Fusarium tuber rot”, Physiol. Plant Pathol., 16: 63–72, (1980).
  • Cui Y., Magill J., Frederiksen R., Magill C., “Chalcone synthase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase mRNA following exposure of sorghum seedlings to three fungal pathogens”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 49:187- 199, (1996).
  • Dixon R.A., “The phytoalexin response: Elicitation, signalling and the control of host gene expression”, Biol. Rev., 61: 239-291, (1986).
  • Dixon RA, Paiva NL “Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism”, Plant Cell, 7:1085-1097, (1995).
  • Egea G.C., Dickinson M.J., Candela M., Candela M.E., “ß-1,3-glucanase isoenzymes and gene in stems of resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum annuum) varieties infected with Phytophthora capsici”, Physiol. Plant., 107: 312-318, (1999).
  • El Ghaouth A.E., Wilson C.L., Callahan A.M., “Induction of chitinase, ß -1-3, glucanase and PAL in peach fruit of UV-C treatment”, Phytopathol., 93:349- 355, (2003).
  • El Modafar C., El Boustani E., “Cell wall-bound phenolic acid and lignin contents in date palm as related to its resistance to Fusarium oxysporum”, Biol. Plant., 44: 125–130, (2001).
  • El Modafar C., Tantaoui A., El Boustani E., “Changes in cell wallbound phenolic compounds and lignin in roots of date palm cultivars differing in susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis”, J. Phytopathol., 148: 405–411, (2000).
  • Erwin D.C., Ribeiro O.K., “Phytophthora diseases worldwide” Am. Phytopathol. Soc., St. Paul, MN, (1996).
  • Fernandez P.S. “Host-pathogen interactions in the root rot Phytophthora capsici/ Capsicum annuum resistant CM-334 pathosystem”, Phd. Dissertation, New Mexico State University, (1997a).
  • Fernandez P.S., Liddell C., “Resistance of Capsicum annuum CM-334 to Phytophthora root rot and phenol biosynthesis”, Phytopathol., 87: 529, (1997b).
  • Hahlbrock K., Scheel D., “Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism”, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 40: 347–369 (1989).
  • Hammerschmidt R., “Phytoalexins: what have we learned after 60 years?”, Annu. Rev. of Phytopathol., 37:285-306 (1999).
  • Hoagland D.R., and Arnon D.I., “The water culture method growing plants without soil”, California Agriculture Experiment Station Circular, 347 (1950).
  • Jones D.H., “Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase: regulation of its induction, and its role in plant development”, Phytochem., 23:1349–1359, (1984).
  • Jung W.J., Jin Y.L., Kim Y.C., Kim K.Y., Park R.D., Kim T.H., “Inoculation of Paenibacillus illinoisensis alleviates root mortality, activates of lignification- related enzymes, and induction of the isozymes in pepper plants infected by Phytophthora capsici”, Biol. Control, 30: 645–652, (2004).
  • Kombrink E., Somssich I.E, “Defense responses of plants to pathogens”, In: Callow JA, ed. Advances in Botanical Research, UK: Academic Press 21, London, 1–34, (1995).
  • Leonian L.H., “Stem and fruit blight of peppers caused by Phytophthora capsici sp. nov.”, Phytopathol., 12: 401- 408, (1922).
  • Liu L., Rahe J.E., “Altered root exudation and suppression of induced lignification as mechanisms of predisposition by glyphosate of bean roots (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to colonization by Pythium spp”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 51: 111–27, (1997).
  • Lummerzheim M., Sandroni M., Castresana C., Oliveira D., Van-Montagu M., Roby D., Timmerman B., “Comparative
  • characterization of necrosis induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by lead nitrate and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris after foliar spray”, Plant Cell Environ., 18: 499-509, (1995). and
  • enzymatic Mauch M.B., Slusarenko A.J., “Production of Salicylic Acid Precursors Is a Major Function of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase in the Resistance of Arabidopsis to Peronospora parasitica”, Plant Cell, 8(2): 203–212, (1996).
  • Mohammi M., azemi H., “Changes in peroxidase and polyphenol activity in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and induced resistance”, Plant Sci., 162: 491-498, (2002).
  • Mozzetti C., Ferraris L., Tamietti G., Matta A., “Variation in enzyme activities in leaves and cell suspensions as markers of incompatibility in different Phytophthora–pepper interactions”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 46: 95–107, (1995).
  • Ochoa A.N., Gómez P.J.E., “Activity of enzymes involved in capsaicin biosynthesis in callus tissue and fruits of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) ”, J. Plant Physiol., 141:147-152 (1993).
  • Ochoa A.N., Salgado G.R., “Phenylalanine ammonia- lyase activity and capsaicin-precursor compounds in ñ- fluorophenylalanine-resistant and -sensitive variant cells of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) ”, Physiol. Plant., 85:173-179 (1992).
  • Orczyk W., Hipskind J., De Neergaard E., Goldsbrough P., Nicholson R.L., “Stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in sorghum in response to inoculation with Bipolaris maydis”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 48: 55–64 (1996).
  • Requena M.E., Egea-Gilabert C., Candela M.E., “Nitric Oxide in the Capsicum annuum-Phytophthora capsici interaction”, Physiol. Plant., 124: 50- 60, (2005).
  • Sharan M., Taguchi G., Gonda K., Jouke T., Shimosaka M., Hayashida N., Okazaki M., “Effects of methyl jasmonate
  • phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and accumulation of on the activation
  • of scopoletin and scopolin in tabacco cell cultures”, Plant Sci., 132: 13–19, (1998).
  • Shiraishi T., Yamaoka N., Kunoh H., “Association between
  • activity and cinnamic acid synthesis and the induction of temporary inaccessibility caused by Erysiphe graminis primary germ tube penetration of the barley leaf”, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 34:75–83, (1989).
  • Umesha S., “Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in tomato seedlings and its relationship to bacterial canker disease resistance”, Phytoparasitica, 34(1):68-71, (2006).
  • Wada M., Kato H., Malik K., Sriprasertsak P., Ichinoise Y., Shiraishi T., Yamada T., “A supprescin from a phytopathogenic fungus deactivates transcription of a plant defense gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia- lyase”, J. Mol. Biol., 249: 513-519, (1995).
  • Ward E.W.B., Stoessl A., “Isolataion of the phyoalexin capsidiol from pepper leaves and stems”, 66th Annu. Meet. of the Am. Phytopat. Soc., Vancouver, 11-15, (1974).
  • Wu J.Y., Lin L.D., “Ultrasound-induced stress responses of Panax ginseng cells: Enzymatic browning and phenolics production”, Biotechnol. Prog., 18: 862- 866, (2002).
  • Yamada T., Sriprasertsak P., Kato H., Hashimoto T., Shimizu H., Shiraishi T., Functional analysis of promoters of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes in pea”, Plant Cell Physiol., 35: 917-926, (1994).
  • Yoshioka H., Miyabe M., Hayakawa Y., Doke N., “Expression of genes for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in aged potato tubers infected with Phytophthora infestans”, Plant Cell Rep., 37:81- 90, (1996).
  • Ziouti A., El Modafar C., El Mandili A., El Boustani E., and
  • caféoylshikimiques des racines du palmier dattier, principaux composés fongitoxiques vis-à-vis du Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis”, J. Phytopathol., 144:197–202, (1996).
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Biology
Authors

Esra Koc

Ayşen Ustun

Publication Date April 17, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 25 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Koc, E., & Ustun, A. (2012). Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Stem of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Infected by Phytophthora capsici L. Gazi University Journal of Science, 25(2), 307-312.
AMA Koc E, Ustun A. Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Stem of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Infected by Phytophthora capsici L. Gazi University Journal of Science. April 2012;25(2):307-312.
Chicago Koc, Esra, and Ayşen Ustun. “) Infected by Phytophthora Capsici L”. Gazi University Journal of Science 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 307-12.
EndNote Koc E, Ustun A (April 1, 2012) Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Stem of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Infected by Phytophthora capsici L. Gazi University Journal of Science 25 2 307–312.
IEEE E. Koc and A. Ustun, “) Infected by Phytophthora capsici L”., Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 307–312, 2012.
ISNAD Koc, Esra - Ustun, Ayşen. “) Infected by Phytophthora Capsici L”. Gazi University Journal of Science 25/2 (April 2012), 307-312.
JAMA Koc E, Ustun A. Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Stem of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Infected by Phytophthora capsici L. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2012;25:307–312.
MLA Koc, Esra and Ayşen Ustun. “) Infected by Phytophthora Capsici L”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 25, no. 2, 2012, pp. 307-12.
Vancouver Koc E, Ustun A. Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Stem of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Infected by Phytophthora capsici L. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2012;25(2):307-12.