In this study, a solid phase extraction method has been developed for the preconcentration of Zn(II) at trace level using β-cyclodextrin polymer modified with 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol (PAN) reagent. After preconcentration, metal retained on the polymer was eluted with 5.0 mL of 2.0M HCl and then determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The factors affecting the preconcentration of the Zn(II) such as pH, concentration of the eluent, eluent volume and matrix components were also ascertained. The recovery of Zn(II) was found to be ≥ 95% and preconcentration factor was found to be 70. The relative standard deviation of the method was 1.0%. The analytical detection limit was found to be 2.06 ng/mL.The proposed method has been applied for the determination of Zn(II) in different water samples and certified alloy samples.
1] Tahan, J.E., Granadillo, V.A. and Romero, A.R., “Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of Al, Cu, Fe, Pb, V and Zn in clinical samples and in certified environmental reference materials”, Anal. Chim. Acta, 295: 187-197, (1994).
[2]Cui, Y., Chang, X., Zhu, X., Luo, H., Hu, Z., Zou, X. and He, Q., “Chemically modified silica gel withpdimethylaminobenzaldehyde for selective solid-phase extraction andpreconcentration of Cr (III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) by ICP-OES”,Microchemical Journal, 87: 20-26, (2007).
[3] Willie, S.N., Iida, Y. and McLaren, J.W., “Determination of Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Pb, Cd, and V in Seawater Using Flow Injection ICP-MS”, Atomic Spectroscopy, 19: 67-72, (1998).
[4] Ozcan, M., Akman, S., Erbil, C. and Sarac, S., “Determination of copper, chromium, manganese and zinc by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after separation on polyacrylamide modified with nitrilotriacetic acid”,Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 355: 665-666, (1996).
[5] Ramesh, A., Mohan, K.R. and Seshaiah, K., “Preconcentration of trace metals on Amberlite XAD-4 resin coated with dithiocarbamates and determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in saline matrices”, Talanta, 57: 243-252, (2002).
[6] Jamali, M.R., Assadi, Y., Kozani, R.R. and Shemirani, F., “Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction method for selective separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of palladium”, E-Journal of Chemistry,6: 1077-1084, (2009).
[7] Tang, A.N., Jiang, D.Q. and Yan, X.P., “Cloud point extraction preconcentration for capillary electrophoresis of metal ions”, AnalyticaChimicaActa, 507: 199–204, (2004).
[8] Anderson., J.L. and Sioda, R.E., “Electro-deposition as a preconcentration step in analysis of multicomponent solutions of metallic ions”, Talanta, 30: 627-629, 1983.
[9] Mahmoud, M.E., Osman, M.M. and Amer, M.E., “Selective pre-concentration and solid phase extraction of mercury(II) from natural water by silica gel-loaded dithizone phases”,AnalyticaChimicaActa, 415: 33–40, (2000).
[10] Ghaedi, M., Ahmadi, F. and Soylak, M., “Simultaneous preconcentration of copper, nickel, cobalt and lead ions prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination”,Annali di Chimica, 97: 277- 285, (2007).
[11]Shishehbore, M.R., Afkhami, A. and Bagheri, H., “Salicylic acid functionalized silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles for solid phase extraction and preconcentration of some heavy metal ions from various real samples”, Chemistry Central Journal, 5: 41-50, (2011).
[12] Castro, R.S.D., Caetano, L., Ferreira, G., Castro, G.R., “Banana peel applied to the solid phase extraction of copper and lead from river water: Preconcentration of metal ions with a fruit waste”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,50: 3446–3451, (2011).
[13] Liu, Y., Liang, P., Zeng, J. and Lu, H., “Multiwalledcarbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the preconcentration of trace metal ions and their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 19:1489- 1492, (2004).
[14] Abia, A.A. and Asuquo, E.D., “Lead (II) and nickel (II) adsorption kinetics from aqueous metal solutions using chemically modified and unmodified agricultural adsorbents”, African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 1475- 1482 (2006).
[15] Liu, J., Wu, B. and Zhang, B., “Synthesis of β- cyclodextrin-2,4-dihydroxyacetophenonephenylhydrazine and its application”, Journal of Chinese Chemical Society, 52: 1165-1170, (2005).
[16] Li, R., Jiang, Z.T. and Liu, Y.H., “Direct solid-phase spectrophotometric determination of tartrazine in soft drinks using β-cyclodextrin polymer as support”, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 16: 91-96, (2008).
[17] “Supramoleculer inclusion complex between a coumarin dye and β-cyclodextrin, and attachment kinetics of thiolated β-cyclodextrin to gold surface”, Journal of molecular structure, 598: 49-56, (2001).
[18] Abay, I., Denizli, A., Biskin, E. and Salih, B., “Removal and preconcentration of phenolic species onto b-cyclodextrin modified poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate– ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) microbeads”, Chemosphere, 61: 1263–1272, (2005).
[19] Shao, D., Sheng, G., Chen, C., Wang, X., and Nagastu, M., “Removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from aqueous solutions using β-cyclodextrin grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes”, Chemosphere, 79: 679- 685, (2010).
[20] Wu, M. and Zhu, X., “β-cyclodextrin cross-linked polymer as solid-phase extraction material coupled with the spectrophotometric method for the analysis of serum albumin”, Spectrochim. Acta A MolBiomolSpectrosc., 77: 1021-1024, (2010).
[21] Bhaskar, M., Aruna, P. and Radhakrishnan, G., “β- Cyclodextrin-polyurethane polymer as solid phase extraction material for the analysis of carcinogenic aromatic amines”, AnalyticaChimicaActa, 509: 39–45, (2004).
[22] Komiyama, M. and Hirai, H., “Preparation of immobilized β-Cyclodextrins by use ofalkanedioldiglycidyl ethers as crosslinking agents and their guest binding abilities”, Polym. J., 19: 773-775, (1987).
[23] Snell, F.T. and Snell, C.T., Colorimetric Methods of Analysis, Van Nostrand, New York, (1965).
Year 2012,
Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 635 - 643, 10.02.2012
1] Tahan, J.E., Granadillo, V.A. and Romero, A.R., “Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of Al, Cu, Fe, Pb, V and Zn in clinical samples and in certified environmental reference materials”, Anal. Chim. Acta, 295: 187-197, (1994).
[2]Cui, Y., Chang, X., Zhu, X., Luo, H., Hu, Z., Zou, X. and He, Q., “Chemically modified silica gel withpdimethylaminobenzaldehyde for selective solid-phase extraction andpreconcentration of Cr (III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) by ICP-OES”,Microchemical Journal, 87: 20-26, (2007).
[3] Willie, S.N., Iida, Y. and McLaren, J.W., “Determination of Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Pb, Cd, and V in Seawater Using Flow Injection ICP-MS”, Atomic Spectroscopy, 19: 67-72, (1998).
[4] Ozcan, M., Akman, S., Erbil, C. and Sarac, S., “Determination of copper, chromium, manganese and zinc by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after separation on polyacrylamide modified with nitrilotriacetic acid”,Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 355: 665-666, (1996).
[5] Ramesh, A., Mohan, K.R. and Seshaiah, K., “Preconcentration of trace metals on Amberlite XAD-4 resin coated with dithiocarbamates and determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in saline matrices”, Talanta, 57: 243-252, (2002).
[6] Jamali, M.R., Assadi, Y., Kozani, R.R. and Shemirani, F., “Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction method for selective separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of palladium”, E-Journal of Chemistry,6: 1077-1084, (2009).
[7] Tang, A.N., Jiang, D.Q. and Yan, X.P., “Cloud point extraction preconcentration for capillary electrophoresis of metal ions”, AnalyticaChimicaActa, 507: 199–204, (2004).
[8] Anderson., J.L. and Sioda, R.E., “Electro-deposition as a preconcentration step in analysis of multicomponent solutions of metallic ions”, Talanta, 30: 627-629, 1983.
[9] Mahmoud, M.E., Osman, M.M. and Amer, M.E., “Selective pre-concentration and solid phase extraction of mercury(II) from natural water by silica gel-loaded dithizone phases”,AnalyticaChimicaActa, 415: 33–40, (2000).
[10] Ghaedi, M., Ahmadi, F. and Soylak, M., “Simultaneous preconcentration of copper, nickel, cobalt and lead ions prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination”,Annali di Chimica, 97: 277- 285, (2007).
[11]Shishehbore, M.R., Afkhami, A. and Bagheri, H., “Salicylic acid functionalized silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles for solid phase extraction and preconcentration of some heavy metal ions from various real samples”, Chemistry Central Journal, 5: 41-50, (2011).
[12] Castro, R.S.D., Caetano, L., Ferreira, G., Castro, G.R., “Banana peel applied to the solid phase extraction of copper and lead from river water: Preconcentration of metal ions with a fruit waste”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,50: 3446–3451, (2011).
[13] Liu, Y., Liang, P., Zeng, J. and Lu, H., “Multiwalledcarbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the preconcentration of trace metal ions and their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 19:1489- 1492, (2004).
[14] Abia, A.A. and Asuquo, E.D., “Lead (II) and nickel (II) adsorption kinetics from aqueous metal solutions using chemically modified and unmodified agricultural adsorbents”, African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 1475- 1482 (2006).
[15] Liu, J., Wu, B. and Zhang, B., “Synthesis of β- cyclodextrin-2,4-dihydroxyacetophenonephenylhydrazine and its application”, Journal of Chinese Chemical Society, 52: 1165-1170, (2005).
[16] Li, R., Jiang, Z.T. and Liu, Y.H., “Direct solid-phase spectrophotometric determination of tartrazine in soft drinks using β-cyclodextrin polymer as support”, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 16: 91-96, (2008).
[17] “Supramoleculer inclusion complex between a coumarin dye and β-cyclodextrin, and attachment kinetics of thiolated β-cyclodextrin to gold surface”, Journal of molecular structure, 598: 49-56, (2001).
[18] Abay, I., Denizli, A., Biskin, E. and Salih, B., “Removal and preconcentration of phenolic species onto b-cyclodextrin modified poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate– ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) microbeads”, Chemosphere, 61: 1263–1272, (2005).
[19] Shao, D., Sheng, G., Chen, C., Wang, X., and Nagastu, M., “Removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from aqueous solutions using β-cyclodextrin grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes”, Chemosphere, 79: 679- 685, (2010).
[20] Wu, M. and Zhu, X., “β-cyclodextrin cross-linked polymer as solid-phase extraction material coupled with the spectrophotometric method for the analysis of serum albumin”, Spectrochim. Acta A MolBiomolSpectrosc., 77: 1021-1024, (2010).
[21] Bhaskar, M., Aruna, P. and Radhakrishnan, G., “β- Cyclodextrin-polyurethane polymer as solid phase extraction material for the analysis of carcinogenic aromatic amines”, AnalyticaChimicaActa, 509: 39–45, (2004).
[22] Komiyama, M. and Hirai, H., “Preparation of immobilized β-Cyclodextrins by use ofalkanedioldiglycidyl ethers as crosslinking agents and their guest binding abilities”, Polym. J., 19: 773-775, (1987).
[23] Snell, F.T. and Snell, C.T., Colorimetric Methods of Analysis, Van Nostrand, New York, (1965).
Jaggı, S., Gupta, U., & Kaur, P. (2012). Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN). Gazi University Journal of Science, 25(3), 635-643.
AMA
Jaggı S, Gupta U, Kaur P. Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN). Gazi University Journal of Science. July 2012;25(3):635-643.
Chicago
Jaggı, Sandeep, Usha Gupta, and Poonam Kaur. “Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN)”. Gazi University Journal of Science 25, no. 3 (July 2012): 635-43.
EndNote
Jaggı S, Gupta U, Kaur P (July 1, 2012) Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN). Gazi University Journal of Science 25 3 635–643.
IEEE
S. Jaggı, U. Gupta, and P. Kaur, “Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN)”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 635–643, 2012.
ISNAD
Jaggı, Sandeep et al. “Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN)”. Gazi University Journal of Science 25/3 (July 2012), 635-643.
JAMA
Jaggı S, Gupta U, Kaur P. Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN). Gazi University Journal of Science. 2012;25:635–643.
MLA
Jaggı, Sandeep et al. “Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN)”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 25, no. 3, 2012, pp. 635-43.
Vancouver
Jaggı S, Gupta U, Kaur P. Preconcentration of Zn(II) Using β-CyclodextrinButanediolDiglycidyl Ether Polymer Modified With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) (PAN). Gazi University Journal of Science. 2012;25(3):635-43.