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Year 2012, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 823 - 834, 12.10.2012

Ali Gharib

Abstract

References

  • Kozhevnikov, I. V., “Catalysis by Heteropoly Acids and Multicomponent Polyoxometalates in Liquid- Phase Reactions”, Chem. Rev., 98: 171 – 198 (1998).
  • Tiofeeva, M. N., Dimidov, A. V., Davydov, A. A., Kozhevnikov, I.V., “UV-Vis and ESR spectroscopic studies of the adsorption of arenes on the heteropoly acid H3PW12O40”, J. Mol. Catal., 79: 21-28 (1993).
  • Firouzabadi, H., Iranpoor, N., Nowrouzi, F., Amani, K., (AlPW12O40) as an efficient heterogeneous inorganic catalyst for the chemoselective synthesis of geminal diacetates (acylals) under solvent-free conditions”, Tetrahedron Lett., 44: 3951-3954 (2003).
  • Romanelli, G., Bennardi, D., Ruiz, D. M., Baronetti, G., Autiou, J., Thomas, H. J., “A solvent-free synthesis of coumarins using a Wells–Dawson heteropolyacid as catalyst”, Tetrahedron Lett., 45: 8935-8939 (2004).
  • Firouzabadi, H., Iranpoor, N., Nowrouzi, F., Amani, K., “Heteropoly Acids as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Thioacetalization and Transthioacetalization Reactions”, Synthesis., 1: 59-62 (2002).
  • Ono, Y., Thomas, J. M., Zamaraev K. I. (Eds.), “Perspective in Catalysis”, Blackwell, London, 341 (1992).
  • Kozhevnikov, I. V., “Catalysts for fine chemicals, in: Catalysis by Polyoxometalates”, vol. 2, Wiley, Chichester, (2002).
  • Isumi, Y., Hasebe, R., Urabe, K., “Catalysis by heterogeneous supported heteropoly acid”, J. Catal., 84: 402-409 (1983).
  • Okuhara, T., Mizuno, N., Misono, M., “Catalytic Chemistry of Heteropoly compounds”, Advances in Catalysis., 41: 113 – 252 (1996).
  • Kappe, C. O., “A Reexamination of the Mechanism of the Biginelli Dihydropyrimidine Synthesis. Support for an N-Acyliminium Ion Intermediate”, J. Org. Chem., 62: 7201-7204 (1997).
  • Kappe, C. O.,“100 years of the biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis”, Tetrahedron., 49: 6937-6963 (1993).
  • Atwal, K. S., Swanson, B. N., Unger, S. E., Floyed, D. M., Moreland, S., Hedberg, A., O’Reilly, A., “Dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers. 3. 3- Carbamoyl-4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-5- pyrimidinecarboxylic acid esters as orally effective antihypertensive agents”, J. Med. Chem., 34: 806- 811 (1991). [13] Kappe, C.O., “Biologically active dihydropyrimidones of the Biginelli-type a literature survey”, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 35: 1043-1052 (2000).
  • Jauk, B., Pernat, T., Kappe, C.O., “Design and Synthesis of a Conformationally Rigid Mimic of the Dihydropyrimidine Calcium Channel Modulator SQ 32,926”, Molecules. 2000, 5: 227-239 (2000). [15] Hu, E.H., Silder, D.R., Dolling, U.H., “Unprecedented Catalytic Three Component One- Pot Condensation Reaction: An Efficient Synthesis of 5-Alkoxycarbonyl- 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin- 2(1H)-ones”, J. Org. Chem., 63: 3454-3457 (1998).
  • Ma, Y., Qian, C.T., Wang, L.M., Yang, M., “Lanthanide Triflate Catalyzed Biginelli Reaction. One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones under Solvent-Free Conditions”, J. Org. Chem., 65: 3864- 3868 (2000).
  • Brindban, A., Jana, J. U., “Indium(III) Chloride- Catalyzed Dihydropyrimidinones by a Three-Component Coupling Aldehydes, and Urea: An Improved Procedure for the Biginelli Reaction”, J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 6270-6272. Synthesis of of
  • ,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds,
  • Salitha, G., Reddy, G. S. K., Reddy, K. B., Yadav, J. S., “Vanadium(III) chloride catalyzed Biginelli condensation: solution phase library generation of dihydropyrimidin-(2H)-ones”, Tetrahedron Lett., 44: 6497-6499 (2003).
  • Gohain, M., Prajapati, D., Sandhu, J. S., “A Novel Cu-catalysed Three-component One-pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Using Microwaves under Solvent-free Conditions”, Synlett., 235-238 (2004).
  • Maiti, G., Kundu, P., Guin, C., “One-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones catalysed by lithium bromide: an improved procedure for the Biginelli reaction”, Tetrahedron Lett., 44: 2757-2758 (2003).
  • Reddy, C.V., Mahesh, M., Raju, P. V. K., Babu, T. R.; Reddy, V.V.N., “Zirconium(IV) chloride catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones”, Tetrahedron Lett., 43: 2657-2659 (2002).
  • Yadav, J.S., Reddy, B.V.S., Srinivas, R., Venugopal, C., Ramalingam, T., “LiClO4-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones: An Improved Protocol for Biginelli Reaction”, Synthesis., 1341- 1345 (2001).
  • Dondoni, A., Massi, A., “Parallel synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones polymer-supported scavengers under solvent-free conditions. A green chemistry approach to the Biginelli reaction”, Tetrahedron Lett., 42: 7975- 7978 (2001). Yb(III)-resin and
  • Jin, T., Zhang, S., Li, T., “Toluenesulfonic acid- catalyzed efficient synthesis of Dihydropyrimidine: improved high yielding protocol for the Biginelli reaction”, Synth. Commun., 32: 1847-1851 (2002).
  • Salehi, P., Dabiri, M., Zolfigol, M. A., Fard, M. A. B., “Silica sulfuric acid: an efficient and reusable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones”, Tetrahedron Lett., 44: 2889-2891 (2003).
  • Tu, S., Fang, F., Zhu, S. L., Zhang, T. X., Zhuang, Q., “A New Biginelli Reaction Procedure Using Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate as the Promoter for an Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)- one”, Synlett., 537-539 (2004).
  • Bigi, F., Carloni, S., Frullanti, B., Maggi, R., Sartori, G., “A revision of the Biginelli reaction under solid acid catalysis. Solvent-free synthesis of dihydropyrimidines over montmorillonite KSF”, Tetrahedron Lett., 40: 3465-3468 (1999).
  • Tajbakhsh, M., Mohajerani, B., Heravi, M. M., Ahmadi, A. N., “Solid acid catalytic synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines: protocol”, J. Mol. Catal., 247: 213-215 (2006). highly improved
  • Rani, R. V., Srinivas, N., Kishan, M. R., Kulkarni, S.J., cyclocondensation synthesis Green Chem., 3: 305-306 (2001).
  • “Zeolite-catalyzed reaction for
  • ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones”, of
  • Nasr-Esfahani, M., Hoseini, S. J., Mohammadi, F., “Fe3O4 Magnetically Recoverable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Solvent- Free Conditions”, Chin J Catal., 32: 1484-1489 (2011). an Efficient and
  • Kargar, M., Hekmatshoar, R., Mostashari, A., Hashemi, Z., “Efficient and green synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones imidazol-1-yl-aceticacid as a novel, reusable and water-soluble Communications, 15: 123–126 (2011). using
  • organocatalyst”, Catalysis of
  • ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/
  • Mingxi, W., Jinlong, Y., Wenwen, Z.., Jingjing, W., Song, C., “One-pot synthesis of difluoromethyl- containing dihydropyrimidinones catalyzed by Yb(PFO)3 under solvent and dehydrating agent free conditions”, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry., 132: 155-159 (2011).
  • Chen, X., Xu, X., Liu, H., Cun, L., Gong, L., “High Frequency Dielectric Response in a Branched Phthalocyanine”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128: 14802- 14821 (2006).
  • Hassani, Z., Islami, M.R., Kalantari, M., “An efficient octahydroquinazolinone derivatives using catalytic amount of HSO4 in water”, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16: 4479-4482 (2006). synthesis of
  • Zumpe, F.L., Fluß, M., Schmitz, K., Lender, A., “Propane phosphonic acid anhydride: a new promoter for the one-pot Biginelli synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones”, Tetrahedron Lett., 48: 1421-1423 (2007).
  • Anastas, P.T., Warner, J. C., “Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice”, Oxford University, (1998). [39] Pope, M.T., “Heteropoly and Isopoly Oxometalates”, Springer, Berlin, (1983).
  • Izumi, Y., Urabe, K., Onaka, M., “Zeolite, Clay and Heteropoly Kodansha/VCH, Tokyo, (1992). Organic Reactions”,
  • Pope, M.T., Scully, T.F., “Geometrical isomerism arising from partial substitution of metal atoms in isopoly and heteropoly complexes. Possibilities for the Keggin structure”, Inorg. Chem., 14: 953-954 (1975).
  • Khenkin, A.M., Rosenberger, A., Neumann, R., “Reaction H5PVMo10O40Polyoxometalate and Cooxidation of Alkanes with Molecular Oxygen”, J. Catal., 182: 82-91 (1999). with the
  • Lin, H., Zhao, Q., Xu, B., Wang, X., “Nafion-H catalyzed cyclocondensation reaction for the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinone derivatives”, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 268: 221-226 (2007).
  • Rodrıguez-Domınguez, J. C., Bernardi, D., Kirsch, K., “ZrCl4 or ZrOCl under neat conditions: optimized green alternatives for the Biginelli reaction”, Tetrahedron Lett., 48: 5777-5780 (2007).
  • Kholdeeva, O.A., Golovin, A.V., Maksimovskaya, R.I., Kozhevnikov, I.V., J. Mol. Catal., 75: 235 (1992).
  • Mahha, Y., Atlamsani, A., Blais, J.C., Tessier, M., Brégeault, J.M., Salles, L., “Oligomerization of ɛ- caprolactone heteropolyacid molybdenum complexes”, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chemical., 234: 63-73 (2005). using and vanadium or

Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin type heteropolyacid catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]

Year 2012, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 823 - 834, 12.10.2012

Ali Gharib

Abstract

This paper describes an improved procedure and simple and green method for the efficient and facile synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones with excellent yields using inexpensive heteropolyacid catalyst in the presence of green solvent.

Keywords

Biginelli reaction Dihydropyrimidinones Heteropolyacid Solvent Green Catalyst

References

  • Kozhevnikov, I. V., “Catalysis by Heteropoly Acids and Multicomponent Polyoxometalates in Liquid- Phase Reactions”, Chem. Rev., 98: 171 – 198 (1998).
  • Tiofeeva, M. N., Dimidov, A. V., Davydov, A. A., Kozhevnikov, I.V., “UV-Vis and ESR spectroscopic studies of the adsorption of arenes on the heteropoly acid H3PW12O40”, J. Mol. Catal., 79: 21-28 (1993).
  • Firouzabadi, H., Iranpoor, N., Nowrouzi, F., Amani, K., (AlPW12O40) as an efficient heterogeneous inorganic catalyst for the chemoselective synthesis of geminal diacetates (acylals) under solvent-free conditions”, Tetrahedron Lett., 44: 3951-3954 (2003).
  • Romanelli, G., Bennardi, D., Ruiz, D. M., Baronetti, G., Autiou, J., Thomas, H. J., “A solvent-free synthesis of coumarins using a Wells–Dawson heteropolyacid as catalyst”, Tetrahedron Lett., 45: 8935-8939 (2004).
  • Firouzabadi, H., Iranpoor, N., Nowrouzi, F., Amani, K., “Heteropoly Acids as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Thioacetalization and Transthioacetalization Reactions”, Synthesis., 1: 59-62 (2002).
  • Ono, Y., Thomas, J. M., Zamaraev K. I. (Eds.), “Perspective in Catalysis”, Blackwell, London, 341 (1992).
  • Kozhevnikov, I. V., “Catalysts for fine chemicals, in: Catalysis by Polyoxometalates”, vol. 2, Wiley, Chichester, (2002).
  • Isumi, Y., Hasebe, R., Urabe, K., “Catalysis by heterogeneous supported heteropoly acid”, J. Catal., 84: 402-409 (1983).
  • Okuhara, T., Mizuno, N., Misono, M., “Catalytic Chemistry of Heteropoly compounds”, Advances in Catalysis., 41: 113 – 252 (1996).
  • Kappe, C. O., “A Reexamination of the Mechanism of the Biginelli Dihydropyrimidine Synthesis. Support for an N-Acyliminium Ion Intermediate”, J. Org. Chem., 62: 7201-7204 (1997).
  • Kappe, C. O.,“100 years of the biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis”, Tetrahedron., 49: 6937-6963 (1993).
  • Atwal, K. S., Swanson, B. N., Unger, S. E., Floyed, D. M., Moreland, S., Hedberg, A., O’Reilly, A., “Dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers. 3. 3- Carbamoyl-4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-5- pyrimidinecarboxylic acid esters as orally effective antihypertensive agents”, J. Med. Chem., 34: 806- 811 (1991). [13] Kappe, C.O., “Biologically active dihydropyrimidones of the Biginelli-type a literature survey”, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 35: 1043-1052 (2000).
  • Jauk, B., Pernat, T., Kappe, C.O., “Design and Synthesis of a Conformationally Rigid Mimic of the Dihydropyrimidine Calcium Channel Modulator SQ 32,926”, Molecules. 2000, 5: 227-239 (2000). [15] Hu, E.H., Silder, D.R., Dolling, U.H., “Unprecedented Catalytic Three Component One- Pot Condensation Reaction: An Efficient Synthesis of 5-Alkoxycarbonyl- 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin- 2(1H)-ones”, J. Org. Chem., 63: 3454-3457 (1998).
  • Ma, Y., Qian, C.T., Wang, L.M., Yang, M., “Lanthanide Triflate Catalyzed Biginelli Reaction. One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones under Solvent-Free Conditions”, J. Org. Chem., 65: 3864- 3868 (2000).
  • Brindban, A., Jana, J. U., “Indium(III) Chloride- Catalyzed Dihydropyrimidinones by a Three-Component Coupling Aldehydes, and Urea: An Improved Procedure for the Biginelli Reaction”, J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 6270-6272. Synthesis of of
  • ,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds,
  • Salitha, G., Reddy, G. S. K., Reddy, K. B., Yadav, J. S., “Vanadium(III) chloride catalyzed Biginelli condensation: solution phase library generation of dihydropyrimidin-(2H)-ones”, Tetrahedron Lett., 44: 6497-6499 (2003).
  • Gohain, M., Prajapati, D., Sandhu, J. S., “A Novel Cu-catalysed Three-component One-pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Using Microwaves under Solvent-free Conditions”, Synlett., 235-238 (2004).
  • Maiti, G., Kundu, P., Guin, C., “One-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones catalysed by lithium bromide: an improved procedure for the Biginelli reaction”, Tetrahedron Lett., 44: 2757-2758 (2003).
  • Reddy, C.V., Mahesh, M., Raju, P. V. K., Babu, T. R.; Reddy, V.V.N., “Zirconium(IV) chloride catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones”, Tetrahedron Lett., 43: 2657-2659 (2002).
  • Yadav, J.S., Reddy, B.V.S., Srinivas, R., Venugopal, C., Ramalingam, T., “LiClO4-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones: An Improved Protocol for Biginelli Reaction”, Synthesis., 1341- 1345 (2001).
  • Dondoni, A., Massi, A., “Parallel synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones polymer-supported scavengers under solvent-free conditions. A green chemistry approach to the Biginelli reaction”, Tetrahedron Lett., 42: 7975- 7978 (2001). Yb(III)-resin and
  • Jin, T., Zhang, S., Li, T., “Toluenesulfonic acid- catalyzed efficient synthesis of Dihydropyrimidine: improved high yielding protocol for the Biginelli reaction”, Synth. Commun., 32: 1847-1851 (2002).
  • Salehi, P., Dabiri, M., Zolfigol, M. A., Fard, M. A. B., “Silica sulfuric acid: an efficient and reusable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones”, Tetrahedron Lett., 44: 2889-2891 (2003).
  • Tu, S., Fang, F., Zhu, S. L., Zhang, T. X., Zhuang, Q., “A New Biginelli Reaction Procedure Using Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate as the Promoter for an Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)- one”, Synlett., 537-539 (2004).
  • Bigi, F., Carloni, S., Frullanti, B., Maggi, R., Sartori, G., “A revision of the Biginelli reaction under solid acid catalysis. Solvent-free synthesis of dihydropyrimidines over montmorillonite KSF”, Tetrahedron Lett., 40: 3465-3468 (1999).
  • Tajbakhsh, M., Mohajerani, B., Heravi, M. M., Ahmadi, A. N., “Solid acid catalytic synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines: protocol”, J. Mol. Catal., 247: 213-215 (2006). highly improved
  • Rani, R. V., Srinivas, N., Kishan, M. R., Kulkarni, S.J., cyclocondensation synthesis Green Chem., 3: 305-306 (2001).
  • “Zeolite-catalyzed reaction for
  • ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones”, of
  • Nasr-Esfahani, M., Hoseini, S. J., Mohammadi, F., “Fe3O4 Magnetically Recoverable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Solvent- Free Conditions”, Chin J Catal., 32: 1484-1489 (2011). an Efficient and
  • Kargar, M., Hekmatshoar, R., Mostashari, A., Hashemi, Z., “Efficient and green synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones imidazol-1-yl-aceticacid as a novel, reusable and water-soluble Communications, 15: 123–126 (2011). using
  • organocatalyst”, Catalysis of
  • ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/
  • Mingxi, W., Jinlong, Y., Wenwen, Z.., Jingjing, W., Song, C., “One-pot synthesis of difluoromethyl- containing dihydropyrimidinones catalyzed by Yb(PFO)3 under solvent and dehydrating agent free conditions”, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry., 132: 155-159 (2011).
  • Chen, X., Xu, X., Liu, H., Cun, L., Gong, L., “High Frequency Dielectric Response in a Branched Phthalocyanine”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128: 14802- 14821 (2006).
  • Hassani, Z., Islami, M.R., Kalantari, M., “An efficient octahydroquinazolinone derivatives using catalytic amount of HSO4 in water”, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16: 4479-4482 (2006). synthesis of
  • Zumpe, F.L., Fluß, M., Schmitz, K., Lender, A., “Propane phosphonic acid anhydride: a new promoter for the one-pot Biginelli synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones”, Tetrahedron Lett., 48: 1421-1423 (2007).
  • Anastas, P.T., Warner, J. C., “Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice”, Oxford University, (1998). [39] Pope, M.T., “Heteropoly and Isopoly Oxometalates”, Springer, Berlin, (1983).
  • Izumi, Y., Urabe, K., Onaka, M., “Zeolite, Clay and Heteropoly Kodansha/VCH, Tokyo, (1992). Organic Reactions”,
  • Pope, M.T., Scully, T.F., “Geometrical isomerism arising from partial substitution of metal atoms in isopoly and heteropoly complexes. Possibilities for the Keggin structure”, Inorg. Chem., 14: 953-954 (1975).
  • Khenkin, A.M., Rosenberger, A., Neumann, R., “Reaction H5PVMo10O40Polyoxometalate and Cooxidation of Alkanes with Molecular Oxygen”, J. Catal., 182: 82-91 (1999). with the
  • Lin, H., Zhao, Q., Xu, B., Wang, X., “Nafion-H catalyzed cyclocondensation reaction for the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinone derivatives”, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 268: 221-226 (2007).
  • Rodrıguez-Domınguez, J. C., Bernardi, D., Kirsch, K., “ZrCl4 or ZrOCl under neat conditions: optimized green alternatives for the Biginelli reaction”, Tetrahedron Lett., 48: 5777-5780 (2007).
  • Kholdeeva, O.A., Golovin, A.V., Maksimovskaya, R.I., Kozhevnikov, I.V., J. Mol. Catal., 75: 235 (1992).
  • Mahha, Y., Atlamsani, A., Blais, J.C., Tessier, M., Brégeault, J.M., Salles, L., “Oligomerization of ɛ- caprolactone heteropolyacid molybdenum complexes”, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chemical., 234: 63-73 (2005). using and vanadium or
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Chemistry
Authors

Ali Gharib

Publication Date October 12, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 25 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gharib, A. (2012). Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin type heteropolyacid catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]. Gazi University Journal of Science, 25(4), 823-834.
AMA Gharib A. Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin type heteropolyacid catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]. Gazi University Journal of Science. October 2012;25(4):823-834.
Chicago Gharib, Ali. “Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin Type Heteropolyacid Catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]”. Gazi University Journal of Science 25, no. 4 (October 2012): 823-34.
EndNote Gharib A (October 1, 2012) Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin type heteropolyacid catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]. Gazi University Journal of Science 25 4 823–834.
IEEE A. Gharib, “Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin type heteropolyacid catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 823–834, 2012.
ISNAD Gharib, Ali. “Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin Type Heteropolyacid Catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]”. Gazi University Journal of Science 25/4 (October 2012), 823-834.
JAMA Gharib A. Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin type heteropolyacid catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2012;25:823–834.
MLA Gharib, Ali. “Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin Type Heteropolyacid Catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 25, no. 4, 2012, pp. 823-34.
Vancouver Gharib A. Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Green Conditions and by Keggin type heteropolyacid catalyst H7[PMo8V4O40]. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2012;25(4):823-34.