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In vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla filiculoides from Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 38 Issue: 3, 1127 - 1141

Aynur Aybey , Tuba Sevgi , Gamze Yıldız , Aycan Tosunoglu , Elif Demirkan

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1549516

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant potentials of Azolla filiculoides. The total phenol and flavanoid contents and radical scavenging activities were determined to appraise of the antioxidant potential with using ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts. Since methanol extract showed respectively high antioxidant activity, further analysis were performed with methanol extract. GC analysis revealed distinct patterns of phytochemical composition. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficiency were examined and tested against the Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica, the Gram-positive; Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The highest phenol content was found in methanol extract at 117.2±3.6 µg/mg. The methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity from ABTS and DPPH (IC50 of 356.9±5.3 and 15.2±1.8 µg/mL, respectively). After the phytochemical characterization, it was found 24 compounds with major compounds; n-hexadecanoic acid (7.93%) and hydroquinone (4.15%). The highest inhibition zone was shown in E. coli (17±0.7 mm). A. filiculoides methanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity with the MIC (250-1000 µg/mL) against the tested strains. The maximum degradation of established biofilm was noticed at MIC with percentage of 47.6 and 48, against S. typhimurium and Y. enterocolitica, respectively. In conclusion, data indicated that the A. filiculoides methanol extract had got importantly phytochemical compositions and possessed potential antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.

Keywords

Azolla filiculoides Antibacterial activity Antioxidant activity GC analysis

Ethical Statement

No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Supporting Institution

Bursa Uludag University

Project Number

FGA-2022-1032

Thanks

Bursa Uludağ University Scientific Research Project Commission

References

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Year 2025, Volume: 38 Issue: 3, 1127 - 1141

Aynur Aybey , Tuba Sevgi , Gamze Yıldız , Aycan Tosunoglu , Elif Demirkan

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1549516

Abstract

Project Number

FGA-2022-1032

References

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  • [14] Lakshmi Naidu, P.V.; Kishore Kumar, K.; Mohan Kumar, C.; Gunesh, G.; Narasimha Rao, M., “Antimicrobial activity of Achyranthes aspera”, Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 3(1): 171-174, (2006).
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  • [18] Famuyide, I.M., Aro, A.O., Fasina, F.O., Eloff, J.N., McGaw, L.J., “Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acetone leaf extracts of nine under-investigated south African Eugenia and Syzygium (Myrtaceae) species and their selectivity indices”, BMC Complement Alternative Medicine, 19(1): 1-13, (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2547-z
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  • [21] Brighente, I.M.C., Dias, M., Verdi, L.G., Pizzolatti, M.G., “Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Brazilian species’’, Pharmaceutical Biology, 45(2): 156-161, (2007) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200601113131
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Plant Biochemistry, Microbiology (Other)
Journal Section Biology
Authors

Aynur Aybey 0000-0003-2743-9745

Tuba Sevgi 0000-0002-7528-9529

Gamze Yıldız 0000-0001-6461-0850

Aycan Tosunoglu 0000-0003-2303-672X

Elif Demirkan 0000-0002-5292-9482

Project Number FGA-2022-1032
Early Pub Date August 14, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date September 25, 2024
Acceptance Date April 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 38 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aybey, A., Sevgi, T., Yıldız, G., Tosunoglu, A., et al. (n.d.). In vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla filiculoides from Türkiye. Gazi University Journal of Science, 38(3), 1127-1141. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1549516
AMA Aybey A, Sevgi T, Yıldız G, Tosunoglu A, Demirkan E. In vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla filiculoides from Türkiye. Gazi University Journal of Science. 38(3):1127-1141. doi:10.35378/gujs.1549516
Chicago Aybey, Aynur, Tuba Sevgi, Gamze Yıldız, Aycan Tosunoglu, and Elif Demirkan. “In Vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla Filiculoides from Türkiye”. Gazi University Journal of Science 38, no. 3 n.d.: 1127-41. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1549516.
EndNote Aybey A, Sevgi T, Yıldız G, Tosunoglu A, Demirkan E In vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla filiculoides from Türkiye. Gazi University Journal of Science 38 3 1127–1141.
IEEE A. Aybey, T. Sevgi, G. Yıldız, A. Tosunoglu, and E. Demirkan, “In vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla filiculoides from Türkiye”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1127–1141, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1549516.
ISNAD Aybey, Aynur et al. “In Vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla Filiculoides from Türkiye”. Gazi University Journal of Science 38/3 (n.d.), 1127-1141. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1549516.
JAMA Aybey A, Sevgi T, Yıldız G, Tosunoglu A, Demirkan E. In vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla filiculoides from Türkiye. Gazi University Journal of Science.;38:1127–1141.
MLA Aybey, Aynur et al. “In Vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla Filiculoides from Türkiye”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1127-41, doi:10.35378/gujs.1549516.
Vancouver Aybey A, Sevgi T, Yıldız G, Tosunoglu A, Demirkan E. In vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla filiculoides from Türkiye. Gazi University Journal of Science. 38(3):1127-41.