Production and Characterization of Porous CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) Glass-ceramics from Eggshell Waste by sol-gel method

Year 2025, Volume: 38 Issue: 4, 2033 - 2044, 01.12.2025

Zeynep Baykara , Zafer Yavuz Merkit , Bahadır Aydın , Hüseyin Özkan Toplan , Nil Toplan

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1420821

Abstract

In the present study, the CAS (CaO-Al2O3-SiO2) system glass-ceramics were prepared by the sol-gel method using TEOS, Al(NO3)3.9H2O, eggshell and HNO3 as ingredients. The effect of the Bi2O3 admixture was comparatively studied to specify the influence on the nucleation and density properties during the glass-ceramic formation. After the drying process of CAS gelation, the powders were calcined at 450°C. To reduce the grain size of the CAS powder, ball milling was carried out using a planetary mill, then heat treatment was carried out as a pellet at 900-1100°C. The crystallization and decomposition temperatures of the dried gel materials were determined using a DTA/TG device. The surface of the porous material was detailed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for microstructural analysis. The increasing temperature and the addition of Bi2O3 had a reducing effect on the appearance of porosity. Density values were calculated by Archimedes method. Temperature and addition of additives caused an increase in density values due to a decrease in porosity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystalline phases of the gel powders and heat-treated samples. According to the phase analysis results, it was found that the addition of Bi2O3 promoted the formation of anorthite crystals.

Keywords

Eggshell , Glass-ceramic , CAS , Sol-gel

References

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