Audibility Assessment of Fire Alarm System Sound Level for Industrial Processes

Abstract

Fire alarm systems are the first stage of fire evacuation. The audibility of the fire alarm is of vital importance. In industrial buildings, there is almost continuous occupational noise. Variables such as duration, frequency, level and frequency range of this noise may vary depending on the work performed. In this study, the audibility of the fire alarm when it sounds during the process is evaluated. Audibility is based on the sound level. Sound levels for various processes were obtained from the literature. In our country, the sound levels of audible fire alarm systems are specified in the “Regulation on Fire Protection of Buildings”. According to this, the lowest alarm level is 65 dB(A), and the maximum total is 75 dB(A) with +10 dB(A) in places characterized as “noisy”. The maximum sound level allowed by the regulation is 120 dB(A). The sound level generated in the environment was calculated by calculating the fire alarm sound level and the sound levels of the processes together. The results show that the fire alarm sound level at the lower limit is not sufficient for process noise, while the fire alarm level at the upper limit corresponds to the “pain threshold”.

Keywords

• Fire Alarm
• Hazard Alarm
• Occupational Noise
• Industrial Process Noise
• Low Frequency Noise (LFN)

Yangın Alarm Sistemi Ses Düzeyinin Sanayi Prosesleri Özelinde İşitilebilirlik Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Yangın alarm sistemleri, yangın tahliyesinin ilk aşamasıdır. Yangın alarmının işitilebilirliği hayati derecede önem taşır. Sanayi yapılarında neredeyse sürekli devam eden bir mesleki gürültü söz konusudur. Bu gürültünün süresi, sıklığı, düzeyi ve frekans aralığı gibi değişkenler yapılan iş ile ilgili olarak değişiklik gösterebilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, yangın alarmının proses esnasında çalması durumunda işitilmesi değerlendirilmiştir. İşitilebilirlik, ses düzeyi üzerinden yapılmıştır. Literatürden çeşitli prosesler için ses düzeyleri elde edilmiştir. Ülkemizde sesli yangın alarm sistemlerinin ses düzeyleri “Binaların Yangından Korunması Hakkında Yönetmelik”de belirtilmiştir. Buna göre en düşük alarm seviyesi 65 dB(A), “gürültülü” olarak nitelendirilen mekanlarda ise +10 dB(A) ile maksimum toplam 75 dB(A)’dır. Yönetmeliğin izin verdiği maksimum ses düzeyi ise 120 dB(A)’dır. Yangın alarmı ses düzeyi ile proseslerin ses düzeyleri birlikte hesaplanarak ortamda oluşan ses düzeyi hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, alt sınırdaki yangın alarm ses seviyesinin proses gürültüsü özelinde yeterli olmadığını, üst sınırdaki yangın alarm seviyesinin ise “acı eşiğine” denk geldiğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Yangın Alarmı
• Tehlike Alarmı
• Mesleki Gürültü
• Sanayi Proses Gürültüsü
• Low Frequency Noise (LFN)

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