Understanding User–Product Interaction in Electric Vehicles: An Interaction-Centered User Experience Framework

Abstract

Recent technological advancements and innovations in the automotive industry have highlighted the need to redefine driver–vehicle interaction. This study aims to identify the factors influencing user experience in electric vehicles (EVs) and to propose a comprehensive model of product–user interaction. Employing a mixed-method approach, it integrates data collected through mobile eye-tracking with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews. Test drives conducted in Turkey with two distinct EV models and four participants revealed users’ perceptions of in-vehicle design features, focal points of visual attention, and sources of positive and negative experience. The analysis indicates that users’ experiences vary across pre-interaction expectations, perceptions formed during interaction, and evaluations made post-interaction. Theoretically, the study contributes to the literature by proposing a holistic framework that conceptualizes user experience as a temporal and interaction-driven process. Methodologically, it introduces a novel integration of eye-tracking and interview data for examining user–vehicle dynamics in real driving contexts. The findings offer practical implications for user-centered vehicle design, particularly regarding head-up display (HUD) placement, alert frequency, and interface layout optimization.

Keywords

• User–Product Interaction
• User Experience (UX)
• Interaction-Centered User Experience
• Electric Vehicles (EVs)
• Mobile Eye-Tracking

Kullanıcı Ürün Etkileşimini Anlamak: Elektrikli Otomobiller Üzerinden Bir Vaka Çalışması

Abstract

Son yıllarda teknolojik gelişmeler ve otomotiv sektöründeki yenilikler, sürücü–araç etkileşimini yeniden değerlendirme gerekliliğini gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, elektrikli otomobillerde kullanıcı deneyimini etkileyen faktörleri anlamak ve bütüncül bir ürün–kullanıcı etkileşimi modeli önermek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel yöntemler bir arada kullanılmış, mobil göz izleme teknolojisi ile elde edilen veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle desteklenmiştir. Türkiye’de iki farklı elektrikli otomobil modeli ile yapılan test sürüşlerinde dört katılımcıdan elde edilen bulgular, kullanıcıların araç içi tasarım unsurlarına yönelik algıları, dikkat yoğunlaşma noktaları ve olumlu–olumsuz deneyimlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Analizler, kullanıcıların deneyimlerinin etkileşim öncesi beklentiler, etkileşim sırasındaki algılar ve etkileşim sonrasındaki değerlendirmeler üzerinden farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, ürün–kullanıcı etkileşimi literatürüne bütüncül bir model önererek kuramsal katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca göz izleme ve görüşme yöntemlerini bir arada kullanmasıyla elektrikli araç deneyimlerini incelemeye yönelik özgün bir metodolojik yaklaşım geliştirmekte, bulgularıyla da elektrikli otomobil tasarımlarında; HUD gereksinimi, uyarı yoğunluğu, ekran konumlandırması gibi kullanıcı odaklı iyileştirmeler için uygulanabilir iç görüler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Kullanıcı-Ürün Etkileşimi
• Kullanıcı Deneyimi
• Etkileşim Odaklı Kullanıcı Deneyimi
• Elektrikli Otomobiller
• Mobil Göz İzleme

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