Research Article

Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio

Volume: 13 Number: 4 December 30, 2025
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Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio

Abstract

“The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.” – Plutarch Enabling learners who think actively and engage with experimental approaches, rather than those who simply follow predetermined instructions, constitutes a fundamental prerequisite of design education. By its very nature, the act of designing entails a cognitive leap that requires designers to develop their own methods and approaches in open-ended problem situations. This article discusses why the educational model of the Bauhaus School should be revisited in the context of first-year architectural design education, emphasizing its experiential, active and process-oriented pedagogy. Bauhaus introduced a holistic educational model that prioritizes a form of learning initiated through direct engagement and practical experimentation. Its pedagogy was grounded in the ambition to cultivate a new kind of individual capable of assuming an active role within the emerging industrial production system, using design as the central mediating tool toward this objective. Through this emphasis on design, Bauhaus positioned itself as an epistemological project built upon the conviction that learning by doing and kinaesthetic ways of knowing are essential foundations for the modes of learning required in the 21st century. This cognitive and experiential dimension continues to define how design education should evolve today. Revisiting the Bauhaus educational approach today provides an opportunity to reconsider how experiential learning can contribute to architectural education in an age increasingly dominated by digital tools and virtual design environments. As architectural pedagogy continues to evolve within digital contexts, a critical question arises: Does the renewed interest in Bauhaus represent a reaction against the dominance of the digital, or does it reflect a search for what has been lost in the realm of experiential, hands-on learning within the digital age? Posing answers for this question, this article ultimately argues that rediscovering the Bauhaus ethos in this context offers a pathway to reconnect architectural education with the creative, experiential, and reflective roots of design.

Keywords

References

  1. [1] Akin, O. (2001). Variants in design cognition. In C. Eastman, W. Newstetter, & M. McCracken (Eds.), Design knowing and learning: Cognition in design education, Elsevier, Oxford.
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  5. [5] Celik-Alexander, Zeynep (2017), Kinaesthetic Knowing: Aesthetics, Epistemology, Modern Design, University of Chicago Press.
  6. [6] Demirbas, O. O., & Demirkan, H. (2003). Focus on architectural design process through learning styles. Design Studies, 24(5), 437–456.
  7. [7] Denel, B. (1979). A method for basic design. ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara.
  8. [8] Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. Macmillan.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Architectural Design, Design Practice and Methods, Design (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

November 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 23, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 13 Number: 4

APA
Yılman Altürk, Ç., Uludağ, Z., Uysal Ürey, Z. Ç., Çavdar, R. Ç., & Sağlam Aktan, A. İ. (2025). Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 13(4), 699-715. https://izlik.org/JA87CR27SB
AMA
1.Yılman Altürk Ç, Uludağ Z, Uysal Ürey ZÇ, Çavdar RÇ, Sağlam Aktan Aİ. Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio. GUJSPB. 2025;13(4):699-715. https://izlik.org/JA87CR27SB
Chicago
Yılman Altürk, Çiğdem, Zeynep Uludağ, Zeynep Çiğdem Uysal Ürey, Rabia Çiğdem Çavdar, and Arda İlayda Sağlam Aktan. 2025. “Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio”. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning 13 (4): 699-715. https://izlik.org/JA87CR27SB.
EndNote
Yılman Altürk Ç, Uludağ Z, Uysal Ürey ZÇ, Çavdar RÇ, Sağlam Aktan Aİ (December 1, 2025) Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning 13 4 699–715.
IEEE
[1]Ç. Yılman Altürk, Z. Uludağ, Z. Ç. Uysal Ürey, R. Ç. Çavdar, and A. İ. Sağlam Aktan, “Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio”, GUJSPB, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 699–715, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA87CR27SB
ISNAD
Yılman Altürk, Çiğdem - Uludağ, Zeynep - Uysal Ürey, Zeynep Çiğdem - Çavdar, Rabia Çiğdem - Sağlam Aktan, Arda İlayda. “Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio”. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning 13/4 (December 1, 2025): 699-715. https://izlik.org/JA87CR27SB.
JAMA
1.Yılman Altürk Ç, Uludağ Z, Uysal Ürey ZÇ, Çavdar RÇ, Sağlam Aktan Aİ. Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio. GUJSPB. 2025;13:699–715.
MLA
Yılman Altürk, Çiğdem, et al. “Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio”. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, vol. 13, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 699-15, https://izlik.org/JA87CR27SB.
Vancouver
1.Çiğdem Yılman Altürk, Zeynep Uludağ, Zeynep Çiğdem Uysal Ürey, Rabia Çiğdem Çavdar, Arda İlayda Sağlam Aktan. Reinterpreting Bauhaus Pedagogy in the 21st-Century Design Education: Cultivating Experimental Learning and the Development of Active Minds in the First-Year Studio. GUJSPB [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;13(4):699-715. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA87CR27SB