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A New Architecture through Gar Gazinosu Building: Representing a New Nation

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 1 , 37 - 47 , 31.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA88AZ55MK

Abstract

This study aims to theoretically evaluate the architecture of Early Republican Period in the context of socio-cultural developments along with modernity. The formation of the republican Turkey required a new approach in urban and architectural construction compatible with the new national identity. The dominant era of modern architecture coincided with the early years of the Republic. The emergence of the Modern Movement in architecture also influenced the way of life, and the modern living required new functional spaces in architecture. Gar Gazinosu is a casino-restaurant that provides a social space for inhabitants of Ankara, located next to the Railroad Station building. The main focus of this study will be on Gar Gazinosu as a cultural object, representing the revolutions of a new nation state. In this article the socio-cultural role of Gar Gazinosu will be discussed concerning three principles of Modern Movement, which are Internationalism, Zeitgeist, and industrial revolution. These principles will be examined based on the discourse of modernism in early 20th century architecture. Therefore, this article intends to offer a theoretical interpretation of the principles of modernity in relation to the unique context of Gar Gazinosu in terms of its formal style, location, and function. For the theoretical readings, main references will be the texts, which particularly dwelling on modernism and modern architecture.

References

  • [1] Lale, B. & Koca, D. (2023). Modern İdeolojinin Mekânsal Oluşumu: 1923-60 Yılları Arası Ankara Gazinoları, Tasarım Kuram, 19(39), 334-350. [2] Uludağ, Z., & Aycı, H. (2016). Modernin Güçlü Sahnesi Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Ankara’sında Kolektif Belleğin İnşası ve Toplumsal Unutma Süreci. İdealkent, 7(20), 746-773.
  • [3] Gülbahar Tuncel, S. & Dinç Kalaycı, P. (2018) Modern Kentten Güncelleşmeye: 21.yy Ankara Mimarlığı Üzerine Bir Okuma, in Z. Özlem Parlak Biçer, (Ed.), Mimarlık Planlama ve Tasarım Araştırmaları, Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım Araştırmaları, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 465-489.
  • [4] Goldhagen, S. W. & Legault, R. (2000). Introduction: Critical Themes of Postwar Modernism, in S. W. Goldhagen & R. Legault (Eds.), Anxious Modernisms: Experimentation in Postwar Architectural Culture, Cambridge Mass.: The MIT Press, 11-23.
  • [5] Bozdoğan, S. (2001). Introduction: Modernism on the Margins of Europe. Modernism and Nation Building: Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.
  • [6] Çetin, S. (2012). A Review of the Modernizing Impacts of Station Approaches in the Early Republican Period, ITU AZ, 9(2), 89-106.
  • [7] Tekeli, İ. (2010). The Story of Istanbul's Modernisation, Architectural Design, 80(1), 32-39.
  • [8] Ağraz, G., Eroğlu, E., Ertosun Yıldız, M. (2020) Modern Kentin Saati: Sivas Cer Atelyesi, Mimarlık 414, 72-77.
  • [9] Hays, K. M. (1984). Critical Architecture: Between Culture and Form, Perspecta, vol.21, 15-16.
  • [10] Sözen, M. (1984). Giriş. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Mimarlığı (1923-1983), Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay.
  • [11] Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • [12] Goldhagen, S. W. (2005). Something to Talk About Modernism, Discourse, Style. JSAH, 64(2), 144-167.
  • [13] Banham, R. (1983). Conclusion: Functionalism and Technology. Theory and Design in the First Machine Age, Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
  • [14] Bletter, R. H. (1996). Introduction, in A. Behne, The Modern Functional Building, translation by Michael Robinson, Santa Monica: Getty Pub.
  • [15] Anderson, S. (1987). The Fiction of Function, Assemblage, no.2.
  • [16] Gombrich, E. H. (1966). Norm and Form: The Stylistic Categories of Art History and Their Origins in Renaissance Ideals. Norm and Form: Studies in the Art of the Renaissance, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • [17] Gombrich, E. H. (1998). Style, in Donald Preziosi (Ed.), The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • [18] Wölfflin, H. (1998). Principles of Art History, in Donald Preziosi (Ed.), The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • [19] Frampton, K. (1992). Introduction. Modern Architecture: A Critical History, London: Thames and Hudson.
  • [20] Aslanoğlu, İ. (1980). Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlığı, Ankara: METU Architecture Faculty Press.
  • [21] Goldhagen, S. W. & Legault, R. (2000). Coda: Reconceptualizing the Modern, in S. W. Goldhagen & R. Legault (Eds.), Anxious Modernisms: Experimentation in Postwar Architectural Culture, Cambridge Mass.: The MIT Press, 305-306.
  • [22] Ergut E. A. & Özkaya B. T. (2014). Editors’ Introduction: Culture, Diplomacy, Representation: “Ambivalent Architectures” from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic, in E. A. Ergut & B. T. Özkaya (Eds.), New Perspectives on Turkey. Vol. 50, 5-8.

Gar Gazinosu Binası Aracılığıyla Yeni Bir Mimari: Yeni Bir Ulusun Temsili

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 1 , 37 - 47 , 31.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA88AZ55MK

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi mimarisini, sosyo-kültürel gelişmeler ve modernite bağlamında teorik olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Cumhuriyet Türkiye'sinin oluşumu, yeni ulusal kimlikle uyumlu yeni bir kentsel ve mimari yapı yaklaşımını gerektirmiştir. Modern mimarinin egemen olduğu dönem, Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarıyla kesişmiştir. Mimarlıkta Modern Hareketin ortaya çıkışı yaşam biçimini de etkilemiş ve modern yaşam mimaride yeni işlevsel mekânlar gerektirmiştir. Gar Gazinosu, Ankara'da tren garı binasının yanında yer alan ve kentliye sosyal bir alan sağlayan bir gazino-restorandır. Bu çalışmanın ana odağı, yeni bir ulus devletin devrimlerini temsil eden kültürel bir nesne olarak Gar Gazinosu’nu incelemektir. Bu makalede, Gar Gazinosu'nun sosyo-kültürel rolü, Uluslararasıcılık, Çağın Ruhu ve Sanayi Devrimi olmak üzere Modern Hareketin üç ilkesi bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Ancak bu makalede bu ilkeler detaylı olarak incelenmeyecek; bunun yerine, bu makale, Gar Gazinosu'nun biçimsel tarzı, konumu ve işlevi açısından özgün bağlamı çerçevesinde modernite ilkelerinin teorik bir yorumunu sunmaya çalışacaktır. Teorik okumanın yapılacağı temel referanslar, modernizm ve modern mimari üzerine yoğunlaşan metinler olacaktır.

References

  • [1] Lale, B. & Koca, D. (2023). Modern İdeolojinin Mekânsal Oluşumu: 1923-60 Yılları Arası Ankara Gazinoları, Tasarım Kuram, 19(39), 334-350. [2] Uludağ, Z., & Aycı, H. (2016). Modernin Güçlü Sahnesi Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Ankara’sında Kolektif Belleğin İnşası ve Toplumsal Unutma Süreci. İdealkent, 7(20), 746-773.
  • [3] Gülbahar Tuncel, S. & Dinç Kalaycı, P. (2018) Modern Kentten Güncelleşmeye: 21.yy Ankara Mimarlığı Üzerine Bir Okuma, in Z. Özlem Parlak Biçer, (Ed.), Mimarlık Planlama ve Tasarım Araştırmaları, Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım Araştırmaları, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 465-489.
  • [4] Goldhagen, S. W. & Legault, R. (2000). Introduction: Critical Themes of Postwar Modernism, in S. W. Goldhagen & R. Legault (Eds.), Anxious Modernisms: Experimentation in Postwar Architectural Culture, Cambridge Mass.: The MIT Press, 11-23.
  • [5] Bozdoğan, S. (2001). Introduction: Modernism on the Margins of Europe. Modernism and Nation Building: Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.
  • [6] Çetin, S. (2012). A Review of the Modernizing Impacts of Station Approaches in the Early Republican Period, ITU AZ, 9(2), 89-106.
  • [7] Tekeli, İ. (2010). The Story of Istanbul's Modernisation, Architectural Design, 80(1), 32-39.
  • [8] Ağraz, G., Eroğlu, E., Ertosun Yıldız, M. (2020) Modern Kentin Saati: Sivas Cer Atelyesi, Mimarlık 414, 72-77.
  • [9] Hays, K. M. (1984). Critical Architecture: Between Culture and Form, Perspecta, vol.21, 15-16.
  • [10] Sözen, M. (1984). Giriş. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Mimarlığı (1923-1983), Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay.
  • [11] Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • [12] Goldhagen, S. W. (2005). Something to Talk About Modernism, Discourse, Style. JSAH, 64(2), 144-167.
  • [13] Banham, R. (1983). Conclusion: Functionalism and Technology. Theory and Design in the First Machine Age, Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
  • [14] Bletter, R. H. (1996). Introduction, in A. Behne, The Modern Functional Building, translation by Michael Robinson, Santa Monica: Getty Pub.
  • [15] Anderson, S. (1987). The Fiction of Function, Assemblage, no.2.
  • [16] Gombrich, E. H. (1966). Norm and Form: The Stylistic Categories of Art History and Their Origins in Renaissance Ideals. Norm and Form: Studies in the Art of the Renaissance, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • [17] Gombrich, E. H. (1998). Style, in Donald Preziosi (Ed.), The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • [18] Wölfflin, H. (1998). Principles of Art History, in Donald Preziosi (Ed.), The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • [19] Frampton, K. (1992). Introduction. Modern Architecture: A Critical History, London: Thames and Hudson.
  • [20] Aslanoğlu, İ. (1980). Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlığı, Ankara: METU Architecture Faculty Press.
  • [21] Goldhagen, S. W. & Legault, R. (2000). Coda: Reconceptualizing the Modern, in S. W. Goldhagen & R. Legault (Eds.), Anxious Modernisms: Experimentation in Postwar Architectural Culture, Cambridge Mass.: The MIT Press, 305-306.
  • [22] Ergut E. A. & Özkaya B. T. (2014). Editors’ Introduction: Culture, Diplomacy, Representation: “Ambivalent Architectures” from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic, in E. A. Ergut & B. T. Özkaya (Eds.), New Perspectives on Turkey. Vol. 50, 5-8.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architectural History, Theory and Criticism
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Melike Akyol 0000-0002-2365-7166

Submission Date January 15, 2026
Acceptance Date February 9, 2026
Publication Date March 31, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA88AZ55MK
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akyol, M. (2026). A New Architecture through Gar Gazinosu Building: Representing a New Nation. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 14(1), 37-47. https://izlik.org/JA88AZ55MK