Geleneksel Yapım Tekniklerinin Sürdürülebilir Mimarlığın İtici Gücü Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye İçin Kırsal Miras Temelli Bir Model

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kerpiç, taş yığma, ahşap karkas sistemler ve avlu–saçak temelli pasif tasarım gibi geleneksel yapım tekniklerinin çağdaş sürdürülebilir mimarlık içerisindeki entegrasyon potansiyelini incelemektedir. Geleneksel yapılar yalnızca kültürel birer miras unsuru olarak değil, aynı zamanda iklimle uyum, malzeme verimliliği ve topluluk odaklı mekânsal organizasyon gibi temel sürdürülebilirlik ilkeleriyle örtüşen çevresel, mekânsal ve sosyo-kültürel performanslar sergileyen birikimli bilgi sistemleri olarak ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesi üç ilişkili boyut etrafında kurgulanmıştır: (i) düşük gömülü karbon özellikleriyle öne çıkan yerel malzemeler ve geleneksel yapım teknikleri, (ii) enerji verimliliği, karbon azaltımı ve kullanıcı konforu gibi çağdaş sürdürülebilir mimarlığın temel kriterleri ve (iii) yerel bilgi ile modern mühendislik ve tasarım sistemlerinin hibritleşmesini inceleyen entegrasyon boyutu. Yöntemsel olarak araştırma, nitel karşılaştırmalı durum çalışması yaklaşımını benimsemektedir. Uluslararası literatürde kırsal miras ve sürdürülebilir mimarlık üzerine yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesinin ardından, Türkiye’den iki temsilî kırsal yerleşim olan Cumalıkızık ve Safranbolu analiz edilmiştir. Geleneksel malzemeler, yapım teknikleri ve mekânsal kurgular, eşleştirme yöntemi aracılığıyla çağdaş sürdürülebilirlik kriterleri ile analitik olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, çağdaş kerpiç sistemler ile CLT–geleneksel ahşap birleşim çözümleri gibi seçilmiş hibrit uygulamalar da değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, toprak ve ahşap temelli sistemlerin malzeme kaynaklı çevresel etkileri azaltma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu; avlu ve derin saçaklar gibi pasif mekânsal stratejilerin ise iç mekân konforunu artırarak soğutma ihtiyacını azalttığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, önerdiği hibrit entegrasyon modeli ile düşük karbonlu ve bağlama duyarlı mimari üretim için aktarılabilir bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Kırsal miras
• Sürdürülebilir mimarlık
• Cumalıkızık
• Safranbolu
• Hibrit yapım sistemleri

From Rural Heritage to Sustainable Design: A Multi-Dimensional Hybrid Integration Model Based on Traditional Construction Techniques in Turkey

Abstract

This study investigates the potential for integrating traditional rural construction techniques as active design inputs into contemporary sustainable architecture. Moving beyond conservation-oriented perspectives, the research conceptualizes rural heritage as a dynamic socio-ecological system and develops a structured analytical framework to evaluate its contribution to sustainability. The study focuses on two representative rural settlements in Turkey—Cumalıkızık and Safranbolu—and examines their architectural and spatial characteristics across four interrelated sustainability dimensions: material efficiency, climate responsiveness, social sustainability, and cultural continuity. Methodologically, the research employs a qualitative comparative case study approach supported by a criteria-based evaluation model and a matching matrix, enabling systematic cross-case analysis. The findings reveal that Cumalıkızık demonstrates strong ecological and spatial sustainability through passive climate strategies and low-impact material systems, while Safranbolu exhibits a more pronounced socio-cultural sustainability profile through integrated production systems, community networks, and cultural continuity mechanisms. Based on these findings, the study proposes a multi-layered hybrid integration model that translates traditional knowledge into contemporary design strategies. The model serves as an operational, transferable framework that simultaneously addresses environmental performance, spatial adaptability, and social sustainability. By linking vernacular knowledge with contemporary design processes, the study offers a design-oriented approach that repositions rural heritage as a strategic resource for low-carbon, context-sensitive architectural production.

Keywords

• Rural heritage
• Sustainable architecture
• Cumalıkızık
• Safranbolu
• Hybrid construction systems

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