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Khan al-Wazir and Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa’s Endowed Buildings in Aleppo: History, Architecture, and Conservation State

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 551 - 570, 29.09.2023

Abstract

Due to a paucity and fragmentation of knowledge on Merzifonlu Paşa's endowed buildings in Aleppo, this paper seeks to illuminate their distinctive heritage values by presenting them through the history, architectural characteristics, and the city’s urban dynamics. As the endowment's main building, Khan al-Wazir, is considered one of Aleppo’s largest and most important khans, it has been analyzed in detail. Enduring urban interventions, functional changes, war, and earthquake damage, the remaining endowed buildings are in urgent need of reviving their historical and functional linkages and restoring them in a way that displays their cultural significance both as unique examples of architecture and as active facilities within the urban network.

References

  • [1] Al-Ghazzi, K. (1926). Nahr al-Dhahab fi Taʾrikh Halab, 3 vols. 1st ed. Aleppo: Al-Matbaa al-Maruniyya. [in Arabic].
  • [2] Al-Tabbakh, M. R. (1926). Iʿlam al-Nubalaʾ bi-Tarikh Halab al-Shahbaʾ. 7 vols. Aleppo: Al-Matbaa al-Ilmiyya. [in Arabic]
  • [3] Eroğlu, G., Babuçoğlu, M. & Köçer, M. (Eds.). (2012). Osmanl Vilayet Salnamelerinde Halep. Ankara: Ortadoğu Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları. [in Turkish] Retrieved from: https://www.orsam.org.tr//d_hbanaliz/a_yayinlar_kitap_3tr.pdf/ Last accessed: 02.06.2023.
  • [4] Masters, B. (1988). The Origins of Western Economic Dominance in the Middle East: Mercantilism and the Islamic Economy in Aleppo, 1600-1750. New York: New York University Press.
  • [5] Watenpaugh, H. Z. (2004). The Image of an Ottoman City: Imperial Architecture and Urban Experience in Aleppo in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Leiden: Brill. DOI: 10.1163/9789047404224
  • [6] Heywood, C. J. (2009). Kara Mustafa Pasha. In P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel & W.P. Heinrichs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islam II. Leiden: Brill. Vol. 9, 514-515.
  • [7] Özcan, A. (2004). Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa. In TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. Vol. 29, 246-249. [in Turkish] Retrieved from: https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/29/C29009494.pdf/ Last accessed: 02.06.2023.
  • [8] Pantık, R. (2021). Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa Vakıfları: Yönetimi, Kentsel Gelişime Katkıları ve İktisadi Yapısı. [Unpublished Doctorate thesis]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. [in Turkish] Retrieved from: http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11655/23410/Last accessed: 18.06.2023.
  • [9] Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi (VGMA). Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa Vakıf Defteri: 641.
  • [10] Sauvaget, J. (1941). Alep: Essai sur le développement d’une grande ville syrienne, des origines au milieu du XIX e siècle. 2 vols. Paris: P. Geuthner. [in French]
  • [11] Masters, B. (1999). Aleppo: The Ottoman Empire’s Caravan City. In The Ottoman City between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir and Istanbul. USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • [12] Çakar, E. (2003). XVI. Yüzyılda Haleb Sancağı, (1516-1566). Elazığ: Fırat Üniversitesi Orta-Doğu Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayınları [in Turkish]
  • [13] Raymond, A. (1984). The Population of Aleppo in the 16th and 17th Centuries. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 16 (4), 447-460. DOI: 10.1017/S002074380002849X
  • [14] Raymond, A. (1984). The Great Arab Cities in the 16th-18th Centuries: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.
  • [15] David, J. C. (1998). La Suwayqat 'Ali à Alep. Damascus: Presses de l’Ifpo. [in French] DOI: 10.4000/books.ifpo.7579
  • [16] Streck, M. (2009). Kaysariyya. In P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel & W.P. Heinrichs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islam II. Leiden: Brill. Vol. 4, 840-841. [17] David, J. C., Kasmo, R., Cunliffe, E. and Fiol, M. (2018). Five Years of Conflict: The State of Cultural Heritage in the Ancient City of Aleppo. Fiol, M., Tabet, Y. and Evers, L. (Eds.). Paris and Geneva: UNESCO/UNITAR Publication. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265826 / last accessed: 25.06.2023.
  • [18] Kasmo, R. and Kutiefan, L. (2021). Post-war Recovery of the Old City of Aleppo: The Rehabilitation of Suq al-Saqatiyya as a Pilot Project. In Kealy, L., Aslan, Z., De Marco, L., Hadzimuhamedovic, A., Kono, T., Lavenir, M. and Marchand, T. (Eds.). ICOMOS-ICCROM Analysis of Case Studies in Recovery and Reconstruction. France and Sharjah: ICOMOS & ICCROM publications. Vol. 2, 90–115. Retrieved from: https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/2448/ last accessed: 25.06.2023.
  • [19] Grandin, T., Kasmo, R., & Neglia, G. A. (2021). Post-Conflict Documentation of a Historic Neighborhood: (Suwayqat Ali Area – Old City of Aleppo). (D. Dayoub, R. Kasmo, & A. Mollenhauer, Eds.). Heidelberg: arthistoricum.net. Retrieved from: https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/arthistoricum/reader/download/848/848-16-93150-3-10-20210409.pdf/ last accessed: 25.06.2023.
  • [20] David, J. C. (1996). Le consulat de France à Alep sous Louis XIV. Témoins architecturaux, descriptions par les consuls et les voyageurs. In Res Orientales, (8), 13-24. [in French]
  • [21] Legrain, L. (1925). The Joint Expedition to Ur of the Chaldees. In The Museum Journal, XVI (2), 81-124. Retrieved from: https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/1329/. last accessed: 15.09.2023.
  • [22] Michel Ecochard Archive, Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries. Retrieved from: https://archnet.org/collections/29/ last accessed: 28.06.2023.
Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 551 - 570, 29.09.2023

Abstract

References

  • [1] Al-Ghazzi, K. (1926). Nahr al-Dhahab fi Taʾrikh Halab, 3 vols. 1st ed. Aleppo: Al-Matbaa al-Maruniyya. [in Arabic].
  • [2] Al-Tabbakh, M. R. (1926). Iʿlam al-Nubalaʾ bi-Tarikh Halab al-Shahbaʾ. 7 vols. Aleppo: Al-Matbaa al-Ilmiyya. [in Arabic]
  • [3] Eroğlu, G., Babuçoğlu, M. & Köçer, M. (Eds.). (2012). Osmanl Vilayet Salnamelerinde Halep. Ankara: Ortadoğu Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları. [in Turkish] Retrieved from: https://www.orsam.org.tr//d_hbanaliz/a_yayinlar_kitap_3tr.pdf/ Last accessed: 02.06.2023.
  • [4] Masters, B. (1988). The Origins of Western Economic Dominance in the Middle East: Mercantilism and the Islamic Economy in Aleppo, 1600-1750. New York: New York University Press.
  • [5] Watenpaugh, H. Z. (2004). The Image of an Ottoman City: Imperial Architecture and Urban Experience in Aleppo in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Leiden: Brill. DOI: 10.1163/9789047404224
  • [6] Heywood, C. J. (2009). Kara Mustafa Pasha. In P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel & W.P. Heinrichs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islam II. Leiden: Brill. Vol. 9, 514-515.
  • [7] Özcan, A. (2004). Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa. In TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. Vol. 29, 246-249. [in Turkish] Retrieved from: https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/29/C29009494.pdf/ Last accessed: 02.06.2023.
  • [8] Pantık, R. (2021). Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa Vakıfları: Yönetimi, Kentsel Gelişime Katkıları ve İktisadi Yapısı. [Unpublished Doctorate thesis]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. [in Turkish] Retrieved from: http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11655/23410/Last accessed: 18.06.2023.
  • [9] Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi (VGMA). Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa Vakıf Defteri: 641.
  • [10] Sauvaget, J. (1941). Alep: Essai sur le développement d’une grande ville syrienne, des origines au milieu du XIX e siècle. 2 vols. Paris: P. Geuthner. [in French]
  • [11] Masters, B. (1999). Aleppo: The Ottoman Empire’s Caravan City. In The Ottoman City between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir and Istanbul. USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • [12] Çakar, E. (2003). XVI. Yüzyılda Haleb Sancağı, (1516-1566). Elazığ: Fırat Üniversitesi Orta-Doğu Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayınları [in Turkish]
  • [13] Raymond, A. (1984). The Population of Aleppo in the 16th and 17th Centuries. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 16 (4), 447-460. DOI: 10.1017/S002074380002849X
  • [14] Raymond, A. (1984). The Great Arab Cities in the 16th-18th Centuries: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.
  • [15] David, J. C. (1998). La Suwayqat 'Ali à Alep. Damascus: Presses de l’Ifpo. [in French] DOI: 10.4000/books.ifpo.7579
  • [16] Streck, M. (2009). Kaysariyya. In P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel & W.P. Heinrichs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islam II. Leiden: Brill. Vol. 4, 840-841. [17] David, J. C., Kasmo, R., Cunliffe, E. and Fiol, M. (2018). Five Years of Conflict: The State of Cultural Heritage in the Ancient City of Aleppo. Fiol, M., Tabet, Y. and Evers, L. (Eds.). Paris and Geneva: UNESCO/UNITAR Publication. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265826 / last accessed: 25.06.2023.
  • [18] Kasmo, R. and Kutiefan, L. (2021). Post-war Recovery of the Old City of Aleppo: The Rehabilitation of Suq al-Saqatiyya as a Pilot Project. In Kealy, L., Aslan, Z., De Marco, L., Hadzimuhamedovic, A., Kono, T., Lavenir, M. and Marchand, T. (Eds.). ICOMOS-ICCROM Analysis of Case Studies in Recovery and Reconstruction. France and Sharjah: ICOMOS & ICCROM publications. Vol. 2, 90–115. Retrieved from: https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/2448/ last accessed: 25.06.2023.
  • [19] Grandin, T., Kasmo, R., & Neglia, G. A. (2021). Post-Conflict Documentation of a Historic Neighborhood: (Suwayqat Ali Area – Old City of Aleppo). (D. Dayoub, R. Kasmo, & A. Mollenhauer, Eds.). Heidelberg: arthistoricum.net. Retrieved from: https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/arthistoricum/reader/download/848/848-16-93150-3-10-20210409.pdf/ last accessed: 25.06.2023.
  • [20] David, J. C. (1996). Le consulat de France à Alep sous Louis XIV. Témoins architecturaux, descriptions par les consuls et les voyageurs. In Res Orientales, (8), 13-24. [in French]
  • [21] Legrain, L. (1925). The Joint Expedition to Ur of the Chaldees. In The Museum Journal, XVI (2), 81-124. Retrieved from: https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/1329/. last accessed: 15.09.2023.
  • [22] Michel Ecochard Archive, Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries. Retrieved from: https://archnet.org/collections/29/ last accessed: 28.06.2023.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architectural Heritage and Conservation
Journal Section Architecture
Authors

Ruba Kasmo 0000-0003-4446-4985

Publication Date September 29, 2023
Submission Date August 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kasmo, R. (2023). Khan al-Wazir and Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa’s Endowed Buildings in Aleppo: History, Architecture, and Conservation State. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 11(3), 551-570.