AGV’ler için Alıcı Tarafı Buck Dönüştürücü Tabanlı Kablosuz Şarj Sisteminin Tasarımı ve Uygulaması

Öz

Bu çalışmada, otomatik yönlendirmeli araçlar (AGV’ler) için kablosuz güç transfer (WPT) şarj sisteminin tasarımı kontrolü ve uygulanması amaçlanmaktadır. Önerilen WPT sistemi için bir LCC-S rezonans devresi tasarlanmıştır. Ardından, kuplaj bobini tasarımı, sonlu elemanlar analizi (FEA) simülasyonu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, alıcı tarafta kullanılan bir DC-DC düşürücü dönüştürücü aracılığıyla, WPT şarj sisteminin sabit akım (CC) ve sabit gerilim (CV) kontrolü sağlanmıştır. DC-DC buck dönüştürücüye dayalı alıcı taraf kontrolü yaklaşımı ile önerilen WPT şarj sisteminin avantajları simülasyon ve deneysel çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Önerilen kontrol yöntemini doğrulamak amacıyla, 50 mm hava aralığına sahip 300 W gücünde bir WPT sistem prototipi geliştirilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlara göre, AGV’ler için önerilen WPT sistemi, farklı yük koşullarında sabit akım ve sabit gerilim şarjını başarıyla gerçekleştirmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Batarya şarjı
• Kablosuz güç transferi
• Otomatik yönlendirmeli araçlar

Design and Implementation of Receiver Side Buck Converter Based Wireless Charging System for AGVs

Abstract

In this study, the design, control, and implementation of a wireless power transfer (WPT) charging system for automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are proposed. An LCC-S tuned resonant network is designed for the proposed WPT system. Subsequently, the coupling coil design is provided through the finite element analysis simulation. By using the dc-dc buck converter on the receiver side, the constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) control of the WPT charging system are also achieved. The benefits of the proposed WPT charging system based on receiver side control with a dc-dc buck converter are demonstrated by simulation and experimental studies. To test the performance of the proposed control approach, a 300 W WPT prototype was built with an air gap of 50 mm. According to experimental results, the proposed WPT system has successfully maintained CC and CV charging for AGVs with various load conditions.

Keywords

• Automated guided vehicles
• Battery charging
• Wireless power transfer

References

1. [1] Zhang Z, Pang HL, Georgiadis A, Cecati C. Wireless power transfer–An overview. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2019; 66(2): 1044–1058.
2. [2] Covic GA, Boys JT. Inductive power transfer. Proc. IEEE Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng., 2013; 101(6): 1276–1289.
3. [3] Covic GA, Boys JT. Modern trends in inductive power transfer for transportation applications. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. 2013; 1(1): 28–41.
4. [4] Patil D, McDonough MK, Miller JM, Fahimi B, Balsara PT. Wireless power transfer for vehicular applications: overview and challenges. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. 2018; 4(1): 3–37.
5. [5] Choi SY, Gu BW, Jeong SY, Rim CT. Advances in wireless power transfer systems for roadway-powered electric vehicles. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. 2015; 3(1): 18–36.
6. [6] Luo Z, Zhao Y, Xiong M, Wei X, Dai H. A self-tuning LCC/LCC system based on switch-controlled capacitors for constant-power wireless electric vehicle charging. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2022; 70(1): 709–720.
7. [7] Song K, et al. A control strategy for wireless EV charging system to improve weak coupling output based on variable inductor and capacitor. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2022; 37(10): 12853–12864.
8. [8] Li X, Wang C, Wang H, Dai X, Sun Y, Hu AP. A robust wireless power transfer system with self-alignment capability and controllable output current for automatic-guided vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2023; 38(10): 11898–11906.

9. [9] Huang SJ, Lee TS, Li WH, Chen RY. Modular on-road AGV wireless charging systems via interoperable power adjustment. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2019; 66(8): 5918–5928.
10. [10] Wang HS, Cheng KWE. A dual-receiver inductive charging system for automated guided vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2022; 58(8): 8700905.
11. [11] Pan S, Xu Y, Lu Y, Liu W, Li Y, Mai R. Design of compact magnetic coupler with low leakage EMF for AGV wireless power transfer system. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2022; 58(1): 1044–1052.
12. [12] Mao X, Lin J, Su T, Zhang Y. Automatic guided vehicle wireless charging with dual receiving coils for misalignment tolerance. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs. 2024; 71(1): 336–339.
13. [13] Cheng KWE, Divakar BP, Wu H, Ding K, Ho HF. Battery management system (BMS) and SOC development for electrical vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2011; 60(1): 76–88.
14. [14] Ramezani A, Farhangi S, Iman-Eini H, Farhangi B, Rahimi R, Moradi GR. Optimized LCC-series compensated resonant network for stationary wireless EV chargers. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2019; 66(4): 2756–2765.
15. [15] Kim M, Joo DM, Lee BK. Design and control of inductive power transfer system for electric vehicles considering wide variation of output voltage and coupling coefficient. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2019; 34(2): 1197–1208.
16. [16] Wang X, Xu J, Leng M, Ma H, He S. A hybrid control strategy of LCC-S compensated WPT system for wide output voltage and ZVS range with minimized reactive current. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2021; 68(9): 7908–7920.
17. [17] Budhia M, Covic GA, Boys JT. Design and optimization of circular magnetic structures for lumped inductive power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2011; 26(11): 3096–3108.
18. [18] Song K, et al., Design of DD coil with high misalignment tolerance and low EMF emissions for wireless electric vehicle charging systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2020; 35(9): 9034–9045.
19. [19] Budhia M, Boys JT, Covic GA, Huang CY. Development of a single side flux magnetic coupler for electric vehicle IPT charging systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2013; 60(1): 318–328.
20. [20] Issı F. Efficiency optimization of multiple coil wireless power transfer system based on adaptive impedance matching network. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology. 2024; 12(2): 719–728.
21. [21] Huang Z, Wang G, Yu J, Qu X. A novel clamp coil assisted IPT battery charger with inherent CC-to-CV transition capability. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2021; 36(8): 8607–8611.
22. [22] Vu V, Tran D, Choi W. Implementation of the constant current and constant voltage charge of inductive power transfer systems with the double-sided LCC compensation topology for electric vehicle battery charge applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2018; 33(9): 7398–7410.
23. [23] Chen Y, Zhang H, Park S, Kim D. A switching hybrid LCC-S compensation topology for constant current/voltage EV wireless charging. IEEE Access. 2019; 7: 133924–133935.
24. [24] Unal K, Bal G, Oncu S, Ozturk N. MPPT design for PV-powered WPT system with irregular pulse density modulation. Electric Power Components and Systems. 2023; 51(1): 83–91.
25. [25] Ramezani A, Narimani M. Optimal design of fully integrated magnetic structure for wireless charging of electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. 2021; 7(4): 2114–2127.
26. [26] Ye Z, Cheng KWE. Design and validation of a multioutput wireless power transfer system using MPC controller. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2024; 39(12): 16065–16077.
27. [27] Li Z, Zhu C, Jiang J, Song K, Wei G. A 3-kW wireless power transfer system for sightseeing car supercapacitor charge. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2017; 32(5): 3301–3316.
28. [28] Diekhans T, De Doncker RW. A dual-side controlled inductive power transfer system optimized for large coupling factor variations and partial load. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2015; 30(11): 6320–6328.