Comparison of Control Techniques for Series Resonant Converter
Year 2021,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 283 - 296, 27.06.2021
Salih Nacar
,
Selim Öncü
,
Güngör Bal
Abstract
There are many different derivatives of the variable and fixed frequency switching control techniques used in the control of load resonant converters. In this study; among these techniques frequency modulation (FM), phase shift modulation (PSM) and pulse density modulation (PDM) are applied separately to series resonant converter (SRC). The techniques are examined and compared in many respects. An experimental setup was built, which consists of a 400W converter (with the input voltage of 200 V and the output voltage of 36V), a control circuit and a resistive load to verify the theoretical studies. The converter is controlled by FM, PSM and PDM separately for 120 kHz basic operating frequency and different output currents. The experimental results are compared in terms of efficiency, output voltage ripple, soft switching, switch voltage and ease of application and hardware. The comparison results are presented. It is observed that FM has better performance than the other two techniques in many aspects.
Supporting Institution
Karabük Üniversitesi BAP Birimi
Project Number
KBUBAP-17-DR-264
Thanks
This research was supported by Karabük University Research Fund (KBUBAP-17-DR-264).
References
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- [31] Herasymenko, P., Hutsaliuk, V., Pavlovskyi, V., Yurchenko, O., A software phase-locked loop of control system of a series-resonant voltage-source inverter for induction heating equipment, 2017 IEEE First Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, (2017) 384-389.
- [32] Kifune, H., Hatanaka, Y., A method of power regulation applied to the high frequency inverter for the IH home appliences, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, (2007) 1-7.
- [33] Tschirhart, D. J., Jain, P. K., Variable frequency pulse density modulation for efficient high frequency operation of series resonant converters operating as voltage regulators, 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, (2010) 1334-1339.
- [34] Sandali, A., Cheriti, A., Sicard, P., Comparison of the various PDM control modes, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, (2004) 574-579.
- [35] Fan, M., Shi, L., Yin, Z., Li, Y., A novel pulse density modulation with semi-bridgeless active rectifier in inductive power transfer system for rail vehicle, CES Transaction on Electrical Machines and Systems, 1(4), 397-404 (2017).
- [36] Wenxu, Y., Zhicheng, J., Xianling, L., Power control for heating by asymetrical pulse density modulation, 2006 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, (2006) 1-5.
- [37] Esteve, V., Jordan, J., Dede, E.J., Cases, C., Magraner, J.M., Sanchis-Kilders, E., Mase, E., Using pulse density modulation to improve the efficiency of IGBT inverters in induction heating applications, 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (2007) 1370-1373.
- [38] Calleja, H., Ordonez, R., Improved induction-heating inverter with power factor correction, 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (1999) 1132-1137.
- [39] Liu, Y., Design and implementation of an FPGA-based CCFL driving system with digital dimming capability, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54(6), 3307-3316 (2007).
- [40] Karafil, A., Ozbay, H., Oncu, S., Power control of resonant converter MPPT by pulse density modulation, 2017 10th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, (2017) 360-364.
- [41] Calleja, H., Pacheco, J., Power distribution in pulse-density modulated waveforms, 2000 IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (2000) 1457-1462.
- [42] Park, N., Lee, D., Hyun, D., A power-control scheme with constant switching frequency in class-D inverter for induction-heating jar application, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 54(3), 1252-1260 (2007).
- [43] Li, Y., Zhang, K., Yang, S., Multimode hybrid control strategy of LLC resonant converter in applications with input voltage range, Journal of Power Electronics, 19(1), 201-210 (2019).
- [44] Park, H., Kim, M., Jung, J., Spread spectrum technique to reduce EMI emission for an LLC resonant converter using a hybrid modulation method, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(5), 3717-3721 (2018).
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- [48] Hu, H., Cai, T., Duan, S., Zhang, X., Niu, J., Feng, H., An optimal variable frequency phase shift control strategy for ZVS operation within wide power range in IPT systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(5), 5517-5530 (2020).
- [49] Yeh, C., Chen, C., Lee, M., Lai, J., A hybrid modulation method for single-stage soft-switching inverter based on series resonant converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(6), 5785-5796 (2019).
- [50] Sabate, J.A., Lee, F.C.Y., Offline application of the fixed-frequency clamped-mode series resonant converter, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 6 (1), 39-47 (1991).
- [51] Aboushady, A.A., Ahmed, K.H., Finney, S.J., Williams, B.W., Steady-state analysis of full-bridge series resonant converter with phase-shift and frequency control, 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, Brighton, (2010) 1-6.
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- [53] Cavallaro, C., Chimento, F., Musumeci, S., Sapuppo, C., Santonocito, C., Sapuppo, C., Electrolyser in H2 self-producing systems connected to DC link with dedicated phase shift converter, International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, (2007) 632-638.
- [54] Cavallaro, C., Cecconi, V., Chimento, F., Musumeci, S., Santonocito, C., Sapuppo, C., A Phase-Shift full bridge converter for the energy management of electrolyser systems, IEEE International Symposium, (2007) 2649-2654.
- [55] Török, L., Nielsen, C.K., Munk-Nielsen, S., Romer, C., Flindt, P., High-efficiency electrolyzer power supply for household hydrogen production and storage systems, 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, (2015) 1-9.
- [56] Babu, R.S.R., Henry, J., A Comparative Analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System, Proceedings of the international Multi conference of Engineers & Computer Scientists, (2012) 1020-1025.
Year 2021,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 283 - 296, 27.06.2021
Salih Nacar
,
Selim Öncü
,
Güngör Bal
Project Number
KBUBAP-17-DR-264
References
- [1] Youseff, M.Z., Jain, P.K., A review and performance evaluation of control techniques in resonant converters, The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, (2004) 215-221.
- [2] Aboushady, A. A., Ahmed, K. H., Finney, S. J., Williams, W., Linearized large signal modeling, analysis and control design of phase-controlled series-parallel resonant converters using state feedback, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(8), 3896-3911 (2013).
- [3] Xu, S., Iwasaki, A., Sekiya, H., Experimental evaluations of thinned-out and PDM controlled class-D rectifier, 6th IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid, (2018) 76-81.
- [4] Karafil, A., Ozbay, H., Oncu, S., Design and analysis of single-phase grid-tied inverter with PDM MPPT-controlled converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(5), 4756-4766 (2020).
- [5] Oncu, S., Karafil, A., Pulse density modulation controlled converter for PV systems, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(2017), 17823-17830 (2017).
- [6] Mousavian, H., Bakhshai, A., Jain, P., A ZVT cell for high-frequency quasi-resonant converters in on-off mode for solar applications, 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, (2017) 15-22.
- [7] Diaz, J., Prieto, M. J., Nuno, F., Martin-Ramos, J. A., Martinez, A., Driving piezoelectric-transformer-based DC/DC converters using pulse density modulation, 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, (2017) 5698-5703.
- [8] Cao, Q., Li, Z., Xue, B., Wang, H., Fixed frequency phase shift modulated LLC resonant converter adapted to ultra wide output voltage range, 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, (2019) 817-822.
- [9] Lin, B.R., Lin, Y., Parallel current-fed resonant converter with balance current sharing and no input ripple current, IET Power Electronics, 12(2), 212-219 (2018).
- [10] Safaee, A., Karimi-Ghartemani, M., Jain, P.K., Bakhshai, A., Time-domain analysis of a phase-shift-modulated series resonant converter with an adaptive passive auxiliary circuit, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 31(11), 7714-7734 (2016).
- [11] Guo, B., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Gao, J., Full-bridge LLC converter based on digital direct phase-shift control, Journal of Power Electronics, 18(3), 802-816 (2018).
- [12] Chen, Y., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Lin, L., Cao, J., A dual-carrier modulation technique for half-bridge resonant converter with wide soft-switching range, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 66 (1), 223-232 (2019).
- [13] Chen, Y., Xu, J., Gao, Y., Lin, L., Cao, J., Ma, H., Analysis and design of phase-shift pulse-frequency modulated full bridge LCC resonant converter, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 67(2), 1092-1102 (2019).
- [14] Kim, J.W., Lee, M., Lai, J.S., A new control method for series resonant inverter with inherently phase-locked coil current with induction cookware applications, 2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, (2018) 3517-3522.
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- [16] Zhou, Y., He, X., Shenge, L., Full-bridge resonant converter with hybrid control for wide input voltage range applications, Journal of Power Electronics, 21(1), 269-281 (2021).
- [17] Hu, S., Li, X., Bhat, K.S., Operation of a bidirectional series-resonant converter with minimized tank current and wide ZVS range, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 34(1), 904-915 (2019).
- [18] Li, G., Xia, J., Wang, K., Deng, Y., He, X., Wang, Y., Hybrid modulation of parallel-series LLC resonant converter and phase shift full-bridge converter for a dual-output DC-DC converter, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 7(2), 833-842 (2019).
- [19] Shi, L., Liu, B., Duan, S., Current sharing method based on optimal phase shift control for interleaved three-phase half bridge LLC converter with floating y-connection, Journal of Power Electronics, 19(4), 934-943 (2019).
- [20] Zhu, J., Qian, Q., Lu, S, Sun, N., Phase-shift triple full-bridge ZVZCS converter with all soft switched devices, Journal of Power Electronics, 19(6), 1337-1350 (2019).
- [21] Choi, J., Jung, J., Hybrid modulations strategy of three-phase dual-active-bridge converter to improve power conversion efficiency under light load conditions in LVDC applications, Journal of Power Electronics, 20(4), 894-903 (2020).
- [22] Park, H., Kim, M., Jung, J., Investigation of zero voltage switching capability for bidirectional series resonant converter using phase-shift modulation, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 34(9), 8842-8858 (2018).
- [23] He, X., Zhou, Y., Sheng, L., Hybrid controlled full-bridge CLL resonant converter for wide range input voltage, 2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition, (2018) 1-6.
- [24] Calleja, H., Pacheco, J., Frequency spectra of pulse-density modulated waveforms, 7th IEEE International Power Electronics Congress, (2000) 223-228.
- [25] Fujita, H., Akagi, H., Pulse-density-modulated power control of a 4 kW, 450 kHz voltage-source inverter for induction melting applications, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, 32(2), 279-286 (1996).
- [26] Esteve, V., Sanchis-Kilders, E., Jordan, J., Dede, E.J., Cases, C., Maset, E., Ejea, J.B., Ferreres, A., Improving the efficiency of IGBT series-resonant inverters using pulse density modulation, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 58(3), 979-987 (2011).
- [27] Nagarajan, B., Sathi, R.R., Phase locked loop based pulse density modulation scheme for the power control of induction heating applications, Journal of Power Electronics, 15(1), 65-77 (2015).
- [28] Esteve, V., Sanchis-Kilders, E., Jordan, J., Dede, E.J., Cases, C., Maset, E., Ejea, J.B., Ferreres, A., Enchanced pulse-density-modulated power control for high-frequency induction heating inverters, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 62(11), 6905-6914 (2015).
- [29] Kumar, A., Sadhu, P.K., Raman, R., Singh, J., Design analysis of full-bridge parallel resonant inverter for induction heating application using pulse density modulation technique, 2018 International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control, (2018) 398-402.
- [30] Hammouma, C., Zeroug, H., Attab, A., Combined PDM with frequency-temperature profile adaptation control for induction metal hardening, 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, (2018) 3485-3490.
- [31] Herasymenko, P., Hutsaliuk, V., Pavlovskyi, V., Yurchenko, O., A software phase-locked loop of control system of a series-resonant voltage-source inverter for induction heating equipment, 2017 IEEE First Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, (2017) 384-389.
- [32] Kifune, H., Hatanaka, Y., A method of power regulation applied to the high frequency inverter for the IH home appliences, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, (2007) 1-7.
- [33] Tschirhart, D. J., Jain, P. K., Variable frequency pulse density modulation for efficient high frequency operation of series resonant converters operating as voltage regulators, 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, (2010) 1334-1339.
- [34] Sandali, A., Cheriti, A., Sicard, P., Comparison of the various PDM control modes, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, (2004) 574-579.
- [35] Fan, M., Shi, L., Yin, Z., Li, Y., A novel pulse density modulation with semi-bridgeless active rectifier in inductive power transfer system for rail vehicle, CES Transaction on Electrical Machines and Systems, 1(4), 397-404 (2017).
- [36] Wenxu, Y., Zhicheng, J., Xianling, L., Power control for heating by asymetrical pulse density modulation, 2006 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, (2006) 1-5.
- [37] Esteve, V., Jordan, J., Dede, E.J., Cases, C., Magraner, J.M., Sanchis-Kilders, E., Mase, E., Using pulse density modulation to improve the efficiency of IGBT inverters in induction heating applications, 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (2007) 1370-1373.
- [38] Calleja, H., Ordonez, R., Improved induction-heating inverter with power factor correction, 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (1999) 1132-1137.
- [39] Liu, Y., Design and implementation of an FPGA-based CCFL driving system with digital dimming capability, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54(6), 3307-3316 (2007).
- [40] Karafil, A., Ozbay, H., Oncu, S., Power control of resonant converter MPPT by pulse density modulation, 2017 10th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, (2017) 360-364.
- [41] Calleja, H., Pacheco, J., Power distribution in pulse-density modulated waveforms, 2000 IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (2000) 1457-1462.
- [42] Park, N., Lee, D., Hyun, D., A power-control scheme with constant switching frequency in class-D inverter for induction-heating jar application, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 54(3), 1252-1260 (2007).
- [43] Li, Y., Zhang, K., Yang, S., Multimode hybrid control strategy of LLC resonant converter in applications with input voltage range, Journal of Power Electronics, 19(1), 201-210 (2019).
- [44] Park, H., Kim, M., Jung, J., Spread spectrum technique to reduce EMI emission for an LLC resonant converter using a hybrid modulation method, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(5), 3717-3721 (2018).
- [45] Suryawanshi, H.M., Pachor, S., Ajmal, T., Talapur, G.G., Sathyan, S., Ballal, M.S., Borghate, V.B., Ramteke, M.R., Hybrid control of high-efficient resonant converter for renewable energy system, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14(5), 1835-1845 (2018).
- [46] Li, G., Xia, J., Wang, K., Deng, Y., He, X., Wang, Y., Hybrid modulation of parallel-series LLC resonant converter and phase shift full-bridge converter for a dual-output DC-DC converter, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 7(2), 833-842 (2019).
- [47] Chen, Y., Xu, J., Gao, Y., Lin, L., Cao, J., Ma, H., Analysis and design of phase-shift pulse-frequency-modulated full-bridge LCC resonant converter, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 67(2), 1092-1102 (2020).
- [48] Hu, H., Cai, T., Duan, S., Zhang, X., Niu, J., Feng, H., An optimal variable frequency phase shift control strategy for ZVS operation within wide power range in IPT systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(5), 5517-5530 (2020).
- [49] Yeh, C., Chen, C., Lee, M., Lai, J., A hybrid modulation method for single-stage soft-switching inverter based on series resonant converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(6), 5785-5796 (2019).
- [50] Sabate, J.A., Lee, F.C.Y., Offline application of the fixed-frequency clamped-mode series resonant converter, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 6 (1), 39-47 (1991).
- [51] Aboushady, A.A., Ahmed, K.H., Finney, S.J., Williams, B.W., Steady-state analysis of full-bridge series resonant converter with phase-shift and frequency control, 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, Brighton, (2010) 1-6.
- [52] Koiwa, K., Umemura, A., Takahashi, R., Tamura, J., Stand-alone hydrogen production system composed of wind generators and electrolyzer, Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE, (2013) 1873-1878.
- [53] Cavallaro, C., Chimento, F., Musumeci, S., Sapuppo, C., Santonocito, C., Sapuppo, C., Electrolyser in H2 self-producing systems connected to DC link with dedicated phase shift converter, International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, (2007) 632-638.
- [54] Cavallaro, C., Cecconi, V., Chimento, F., Musumeci, S., Santonocito, C., Sapuppo, C., A Phase-Shift full bridge converter for the energy management of electrolyser systems, IEEE International Symposium, (2007) 2649-2654.
- [55] Török, L., Nielsen, C.K., Munk-Nielsen, S., Romer, C., Flindt, P., High-efficiency electrolyzer power supply for household hydrogen production and storage systems, 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, (2015) 1-9.
- [56] Babu, R.S.R., Henry, J., A Comparative Analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System, Proceedings of the international Multi conference of Engineers & Computer Scientists, (2012) 1020-1025.