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Nitrürleme İşleminin Çift Fazlı (Ferrit+Martensit) Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirin Aşınma Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 164 - 176, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1073312

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, çift fazlı KGDD’lere gaz nitrürleme işlemi uygulanarak yüzey sertliği geliştirilip iyi dayanım ve süneklik kombinasyonuna sahip bir KGDD üretilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Böylece aşınma direnci, dayanım ve sünekliği yüksek bir KGDD geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. KGDD’den işlenmiş disk şeklindeki numuneler, ferrit+östenit bölgesinde 800 ⁰C’de arakritik östenitleme sonrası 70 °C’deki yağda hızlı soğutularak ferrit+martensitten oluşan çift fazlı mikroyapıya sahip KGDD numuneler üretilmiştir. Temperleme işlemi yerine çift fazlı KGDD numunelere 560 °C’de 540 dk nitrürleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Nitrürleme işlemiyle martensitik yapıya uygulanması gereken temperleme işlemi de yapılmış ve yüzeyde sert 10 µm kalınlığında nitrür tabakası elde edilmiştir. Nitrürlenmiş çift fazlı KGDD numunelere mikroyapı karakterizasyonu için optik mikroskop ve XRD analizi yapılmıştır. Aşınma özellikleri tribometre ile test edilmiştir. Karşılaştırma amacıyla nitrürlenmemiş çift fazlı KGDD’lere mikroyapı karakterizasyon işlemleri ve aşınma deneyi yapılmıştır. KGDD’de arakritik östenitleme sonrası su verme ve nitrürleme işlemiyle yüzeyde sert nitrür tabakası (10 µm beyaz tabaka) ve merkezde ferrit + temperlenmiş martensitik (%43 martensit hacim oranı) yapıdan oluşan mikroyapılar üretilebilmektedir. Nitrürlenmiş çift fazlı KGDD’de 510 HV, çift fazlı KGDD’de 193 HV ve östemperlemiş KGDD’de 353 HV yüzey sertlik değerleri elde edilmiştir. En düşük kütle kaybı ve sürtünme katsayısı değeri nitrürlenmiş çift fazlı KGDD’de elde edilmiştir. En yüksek aşınmayla ağırlık kaybı ve sürtünme katsayısı değeri çift fazlı KGDD’de elde edilmiştir. Nitrürlenmiş çift fazlı KGDD’in aşınma direnci çift fazlı KGDD ve östemperlenmiş KGDD’in aşınma direncinden 2 kat fazladır.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK 2209-B Üniversite Öğrencileri Sanayiye Yönelik Araştırma Projeleri Desteği Programı

Thanks

Nitrürleme işleminde yardımlarından dolayı DÖKSAN Isıl İşlem ve AR-GE merkezi A.Ş. yönetimine ve AR-GE müdürü Sayın Ayşe ERKAN’a teşekkür ederiz. TÜBİTAK 2209-B Üniversite Öğrencileri Sanayiye Yönelik Araştırma Projeleri Desteği Programı kapsamında vermiş oldukları destekten dolayı TÜBİTAK’a teşekkürü bir borç biliriz.

References

  • Nalçacı, B., Kılıçlı, V., and Erdoğan, M., Çift fazlı (α+ M) küresel grafitli dökme demirlerde martenzit hacim oranı-mekanik özellikler-dislokasyon yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi, Politeknik Dergisi, (2022) Baskıda.
  • Cerah, M., Kocatepe, K. and Erdogan, M., Influence of martensite volume fraction and tempering time on tensile properties of partially austenitized in the (α+γ) temperature range and quenched + tempered ferritic ductile iron, Journal of Materials Science, 40 (2005) 3453-3459.
  • Kocatepe, K., Cerah, M., and Erdogan, M., Effect of martensite volume fraction and its morphology on the tensile properties of ferritic ductile ıron with dual matrix structures”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 178 (2006) 44-51.
  • Erdogan, M., Cerah, M., and Kocatepe, K. Influence of intercritical austenitising, tempering time and martensite volume fraction on the tensile properties of ferritic ductile ıron with dual matrix structure, International Journal Of Cast Metals Research, 19 (2006) 248-253.
  • Kocatepe, K., Cerah, M., and Erdogan, M., The tensile fracture behaviour of intercritically annealed and quenched + tempered ferritic ductile ıron with dual matrix structure, Materials & Design, 28 (2007), 172-181.
  • Şahin, Y., Erdogan, M. and Cerah, M., Effect of martensite volume fraction and tempering time on abrasive wear of ferritic ductile ıron with dual matrix, Wear, 265 (2008) 196-202.
  • Şahin, Y., Kilicli V., Ozer, M., and Erdogan, M., Comparison of abrasive wear behavior of ductile ıron with different dual matrix structures, Wear, 268 (2010) 153-165.
  • Aristizabal, R., Foley, R. and Druschitz, A., Intercritically austenitized quenched and tempered ductile iron, International Journal of Metalcasting, 6 (2012) 7-14.
  • Basso, A. and Sikora, J., Review on production processes and mechanical properties of dual phase austempered ductile iron, International Journal of Metalcasting, 6 (2012) 7-14.
  • Priestner R., Korichi S. Plasma Nitriding and nitrocarburizing of austempered S.G. cast iron, Meguid S.A. (ed.) (1990) 208-217, Surface Engineering, Springer, Dordrecht, Holland.
  • Priestner, R., and Priestner, D.M., Importance of substrate in surface engineering, Surface Engineering, 7 (1991) 53-60.
  • Korichi, S. and Priestner, R., High temperature decomposition of austempered microstructures in spheroidal graphite cast iron, Materials Science and Technology, 11 (1995) 901-907.
  • ASTM G99-17, Standard test method for wear testing with a pin-on-disk apparatus, (2017) ASTM International.
  • Uyar, A., Sahin, O., Nalcaci, B., and Kilicli, V. Effect of austempering times on the microstructures and mechanical properties of dual-matrix structure austempered ductile iron (DMS-ADI). International Journal of Metalcasting, 16 (2022) 407-418.
  • Kilicli V., and Erdogan M., The strain-hardening behavior of partially austenitized and austempered ductile iron with dual matrix structures, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 17 (2008) 240-249.
  • Kilicli V., and Erdogan M., Effect of ausferrite volume fraction and morphology on tensile properties of partially austenitised and austempered ductile irons with dual matrix structures, International Journal of Cast Metal Research, 20 (2007) 202-214.
  • Kilicli V., and Erdogan M., Tensile properties of partially austenitized and austempered ductile irons with dual matrix structures, Materials Science and Technology, 22 (2006) 919-928.
  • Oktay E., Kılıçlı V., ve Erdoğan M., Östemperlenmiş küresel grafitli dökme demirlerde indüksiyonla yüzey sertleştirmenin yorulma sınırı üzerine etkisi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 6 (2018) 668-679.

Effect of Nitriding Process on Wear Behavior of Dual Phase (Ferrite+Martensite) Ductile Cast Iron

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 164 - 176, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1073312

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to improve the surface hardness by applying gas nitriding treatment to dual-phase ductile cast iron and to produce ductile cast irons with a good strength-ductility combination. Thus, it has been tried to develop a ductile cast iron with high wear resistance, strength, and ductility. Ductile cast iron specimens with a dual-phase microstructure consisting of ferrite + martensite were produced by oil quenching at 70 °C after intercritical austenitizing at 800 ⁰C in the ferrite + austenite zone. Instead of the tempering process, nitriding treatment was applied to the dual-phase ductile cast iron specimens at 560 °C for 540 minutes. The tempering process required to be applied to the martensitic structure was also performed by the nitriding process and a hard 10 µm thick nitride layer was obtained on the surface. Optical microscope and XRD analysis were performed for microstructural characterization of nitrided dual-phase ductile cast iron specimens. The wear properties were tested with a tribometer. For comparison reasons, microstructural characterization and wear tests were also performed on non-nitrided dual-phase ductile cast iron. In ductile cast iron, microstructures consist of a hard nitride layer (10 µm white layer) on the surface and a ferrite + tempered martensite (43% martensite volume fraction) structure in the center can be produced by oil quenching from intercritical austenitizing and nitriding treatment. Surface hardness of 510 HV in nitrided dual-phase ductile cast iron, 193 HV in dual-phase ductile cast iron, and 353 HV in austempered KGDD were obtained. The lowest weight loss and coefficient of friction were obtained in nitrided dual-phase ductile cast iron. The highest weight loss and friction coefficient values with wear were obtained in dual-phase ductile cast iron. The wear resistance of nitrided dual-phase ductile cast iron is 2 times higher than that of dual-phase ductile cast iron and austempered ductile cast iron.

References

  • Nalçacı, B., Kılıçlı, V., and Erdoğan, M., Çift fazlı (α+ M) küresel grafitli dökme demirlerde martenzit hacim oranı-mekanik özellikler-dislokasyon yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi, Politeknik Dergisi, (2022) Baskıda.
  • Cerah, M., Kocatepe, K. and Erdogan, M., Influence of martensite volume fraction and tempering time on tensile properties of partially austenitized in the (α+γ) temperature range and quenched + tempered ferritic ductile iron, Journal of Materials Science, 40 (2005) 3453-3459.
  • Kocatepe, K., Cerah, M., and Erdogan, M., Effect of martensite volume fraction and its morphology on the tensile properties of ferritic ductile ıron with dual matrix structures”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 178 (2006) 44-51.
  • Erdogan, M., Cerah, M., and Kocatepe, K. Influence of intercritical austenitising, tempering time and martensite volume fraction on the tensile properties of ferritic ductile ıron with dual matrix structure, International Journal Of Cast Metals Research, 19 (2006) 248-253.
  • Kocatepe, K., Cerah, M., and Erdogan, M., The tensile fracture behaviour of intercritically annealed and quenched + tempered ferritic ductile ıron with dual matrix structure, Materials & Design, 28 (2007), 172-181.
  • Şahin, Y., Erdogan, M. and Cerah, M., Effect of martensite volume fraction and tempering time on abrasive wear of ferritic ductile ıron with dual matrix, Wear, 265 (2008) 196-202.
  • Şahin, Y., Kilicli V., Ozer, M., and Erdogan, M., Comparison of abrasive wear behavior of ductile ıron with different dual matrix structures, Wear, 268 (2010) 153-165.
  • Aristizabal, R., Foley, R. and Druschitz, A., Intercritically austenitized quenched and tempered ductile iron, International Journal of Metalcasting, 6 (2012) 7-14.
  • Basso, A. and Sikora, J., Review on production processes and mechanical properties of dual phase austempered ductile iron, International Journal of Metalcasting, 6 (2012) 7-14.
  • Priestner R., Korichi S. Plasma Nitriding and nitrocarburizing of austempered S.G. cast iron, Meguid S.A. (ed.) (1990) 208-217, Surface Engineering, Springer, Dordrecht, Holland.
  • Priestner, R., and Priestner, D.M., Importance of substrate in surface engineering, Surface Engineering, 7 (1991) 53-60.
  • Korichi, S. and Priestner, R., High temperature decomposition of austempered microstructures in spheroidal graphite cast iron, Materials Science and Technology, 11 (1995) 901-907.
  • ASTM G99-17, Standard test method for wear testing with a pin-on-disk apparatus, (2017) ASTM International.
  • Uyar, A., Sahin, O., Nalcaci, B., and Kilicli, V. Effect of austempering times on the microstructures and mechanical properties of dual-matrix structure austempered ductile iron (DMS-ADI). International Journal of Metalcasting, 16 (2022) 407-418.
  • Kilicli V., and Erdogan M., The strain-hardening behavior of partially austenitized and austempered ductile iron with dual matrix structures, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 17 (2008) 240-249.
  • Kilicli V., and Erdogan M., Effect of ausferrite volume fraction and morphology on tensile properties of partially austenitised and austempered ductile irons with dual matrix structures, International Journal of Cast Metal Research, 20 (2007) 202-214.
  • Kilicli V., and Erdogan M., Tensile properties of partially austenitized and austempered ductile irons with dual matrix structures, Materials Science and Technology, 22 (2006) 919-928.
  • Oktay E., Kılıçlı V., ve Erdoğan M., Östemperlenmiş küresel grafitli dökme demirlerde indüksiyonla yüzey sertleştirmenin yorulma sınırı üzerine etkisi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 6 (2018) 668-679.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Tasarım ve Teknoloji
Authors

Elif Erdoğan 0000-0001-6043-5573

Şeval Meliha Toy 0000-0002-1407-5519

Sevilay Keskin 0000-0002-9776-3594

Ömer Şahin 0000-0002-2446-2512

Ahmet Uyar 0000-0001-6605-005X

Volkan Kılıçlı 0000-0002-0456-5987

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date February 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erdoğan, E., Toy, Ş. M., Keskin, S., Şahin, Ö., et al. (2022). Effect of Nitriding Process on Wear Behavior of Dual Phase (Ferrite+Martensite) Ductile Cast Iron. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 10(2), 164-176. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1073312

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