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Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Engine Speed on Performance and Combustion Characteristics on a Converted Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 613 - 626, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1094175

Abstract

In this study, the effects of different engine speed values on performance and combustion characteristics were investigated by converting a diesel engine to a spark-ignition engine using natural gas. In numerical analysis, G-equation combustion model, reduced methane chemical kinetic mechanism that represent natural gas consisting of 29 types and 171 equations, and RANS k-e turbulence model were used. Analyzes were performed at full load, 17.5:1 compression ratio, constant ignition timing, and 6 different engine speeds. In order to examine only the effect of speed, the initial value, boundary conditions and spark plug ignition time were considered constant. While engine power and fuel consumption increased with increasing engine speed, engine efficiency decreased. In addition, increasing engine speed also increased the ignition delay time and combustion duration, and the flame front reached the squish zone later.

Thanks

Üniversite Ortaklığı Programı kapsamında AVL Boost yazılımı sağladığı için AVL LIST GmbH'ye şükranlarımı sunarım. Ayrıca motor hakkında gerekli bilgileri verdiği için Türk Traktör Ziraat Makine A.Ş'ye teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca, ANSYS Forte yazılımını sağladığı için Gazi Üniversitesi'ne teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

References

  • [1] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Flame development analysis in a diesel optical engine converted to spark ignition natural gas operation, Applied Energy, 230(1205-1217), (2019).
  • [2] Reitz RD, Ogawa H, Payri R, Fansler T, Kokjohn S, Moriyoshi Y, Zhao H. IJER editorial: The future of the internal combustion engine. International Journal of Engine Research, 21(1), (3-10), (2019).
  • [3] Reyes M, Tinaut FV, Giménez B, Pérez A. Characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas spark ignition engine. Fuel, 140, (752-761), (2015).
  • [4] Reddy H, Abraham J. Ignition kernel development studies relevant to lean-burn natural-gas engines. Fuel, 89, (3262–71), (2010).
  • [5] Cengiz C, Ayyıldız A, Karagöz S, Coşkun A, Berk S. Combustion Visualization of Partially Premixed and Non Premixed Diesel Fuel on Single Cylinder Optical Engine. European Mechanical Science , 3(1), (24-31), (2019). DOI: 10.26701/ems.385475
  • [6] Kocakulak T, Solmaz H.. HCCI MENZİL ARTTIRICI MOTOR KULLANILAN SERİ HİBRİT BİR ARACIN MODELLENMESİ. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology , 8(2), (279-292), (2020). DOI: 10.29109/gujsc.670564
  • [7] Uyumaz A, Solmaz H. RCCI BİR MOTORDA ENJEKSİYON ZAMANLAMASI VE LAMDANIN YANMA VE PERFORMANS KARAKTERİSTİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN DENEYSEL İNCELENMESİ . Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 4 (4), (299-308), (2016).
  • [8] Liu J, Bommisetty HK, Dumitrescu CE. Experimental Investigation of a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark-Ignition Operation. ASME. J. Energy Resour. Technol., 141(11), (1-12), (2019).
  • [9] U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)., Annual Energy Outlook 2016 (AEO 2016), accessed January 1, 2022, from https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/er/, 2016.
  • [10] Meyer R, Meyers D, Shahed SM, Meyer R, Meyers D, Shahed SM. Development of a Heavy Duty On-Highway Natural Gas-Fueled Engine. SAE Technical Paper 922362, (1992).
  • [11] Liu J, Szybist J, Dumitrescu C. Choice of Tuning Parameters on 3D IC Engine Simulations Using G-Equation. SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0183, (2018).
  • [12] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Methodology to separate the two burn stages of natural-gas lean premixed-combustion inside a diesel geometry. Energy Conversion and Management, 195, (21-31), (2019).
  • [13] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics in a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation. SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0124, (2019).
  • [14] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Lean-Burn Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark Ignition, J Eng Gas Turbines Power, 141, (1–12), (2019).
  • [15] Liu J. Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark Ignition Operation, PhD, West Virginia University, 2018.
  • [16] Liu J, Dumitrescu C. Experimental investigation of a natural gas lean-burn spark ignition engine with bowl-in-piston combustion chamber, SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0559, (2019).
  • [17] Liu J, Dumitrescu C. Methodology to Determine the Fast Burn Period Inside a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Converted to Natural Gas Lean-Burn Spark Ignition Operation, SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobilit, 2(1), (346-356), (2020).
  • [18] Heywood, J. B. (1988). “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals.” New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • [19] Aktas F, Karyeyen S. Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) effects on a converted spark-ignition natural gas engine. Fuel, 317, 123521, (2022).
  • [20] Aktas F. Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Mesh Size Effect of the Conversion of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine. J Eng Gas Turbines Power; 144. Epub ahead of print 21 March 2022. DOI: 10.1115/1.4053717.
  • [21] Aktas F. (2022). Spark ignition timing effects on a converted diesel engine using natural gas: A numerical study. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544070221081671
  • [22] Aktas F. (2022). A 0/1-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Conversion of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 6(1),1-8. DOI: 10.30939/ijastech..980338
  • [23] Aktas F, Numerical investigation of the effects of the use of propane-diesel as a dual fuel in a diesel engine on the combustion regime, engine performance and emission values, PhD, Gazi University, 2021.
  • [24] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. 3D CFD simulation of a CI engine converted to SI natural gas operation using the G-equation, Fuel, 232, (833-844), (2018).
  • [25] ANSYS Forte, User Guide, Release 2020 R2, 2020.
  • [26] ANSYS Forte, Theory Guide, Release 2020 R2, 2020.
  • [27] Liang L, Reitz RD. Spark ignition engine combustion modeling using a level set method with detailed chemistry, SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0243, (2006).
  • [28] Firat M. Investigation of multistage injection strategies in a DISI engine fueled with methane under stratified charge lean combustion conditions. Environ Prog Sustain Energy, 39, (5–7), (2020).
  • [29] Han Z, Reitz RD. Turbulence modeling of internal combustion engines using RNG κ-ε models, Combustion Science and Technolog, 106(4-6), (267-295), (1995).
  • [30] Yakhot V, Orszag SA. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic theory, Journal of Scientific Computing, 1(1), (3-51), (1986).
  • [31] Verma I, Bish E, Kuntz M, Meeks E, Puduppakkam K, Naik C, Liang L. CFD Modeling of Spark Ignited Gasoline Engines-Part 1: Modeling the Engine under Motored and Premixed-Charge Combustion Mode. SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0591, (2016).
  • [32] Verma I, Bish E, Kuntz M, Meeks E, Puduppakkam K, Naik C, Liang L. CFD Modeling of Spark Ignited Gasoline Engines-Part 2: Modeling the Engine in Direct Injection Mode. SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0579, (2016).
  • [33] Stocchi I, Liu J, Dumitrescu CE, Battistoni M, Grimaldi CN. Effect of Piston Crevices on the Numerical Simulation of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 141(11), (2019).
  • [34] Han Z, Reitz RD. A Temperature Wall Function Formulation for Variable-density Turbulence Flows with Application to Engine Convective Heat Transfer Modeling, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 40(3), (613-625), (1997).
  • [35] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Numerical Investigation of Methane Number and Wobbe Index Effects in Lean-Burn Natural Gas Spark-Ignition Combustion. Energy & Fuels, 33(5), (4564-4574), (2019).

Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Engine Speed on Performance and Combustion Characteristics on a Converted Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 613 - 626, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1094175

Abstract

In this study, the effects of different engine speed values on performance and combustion characteristics were investigated by converting a diesel engine to a spark-ignition engine using natural gas. In numerical analysis, G-equation combustion model, reduced methane chemical kinetic mechanism that represent natural gas consisting of 29 types and 171 equations, and RANS k-e turbulence model were used. Analyzes were performed at full load, 17.5:1 compression ratio, constant ignition timing, and 6 different engine speeds. In order to examine only the effect of speed, the initial value, boundary conditions and spark plug ignition time were considered constant. While engine power and fuel consumption increased with increasing engine speed, engine efficiency decreased. In addition, increasing engine speed also increased the ignition delay time and combustion duration, and the flame front reached the squish zone later.

References

  • [1] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Flame development analysis in a diesel optical engine converted to spark ignition natural gas operation, Applied Energy, 230(1205-1217), (2019).
  • [2] Reitz RD, Ogawa H, Payri R, Fansler T, Kokjohn S, Moriyoshi Y, Zhao H. IJER editorial: The future of the internal combustion engine. International Journal of Engine Research, 21(1), (3-10), (2019).
  • [3] Reyes M, Tinaut FV, Giménez B, Pérez A. Characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas spark ignition engine. Fuel, 140, (752-761), (2015).
  • [4] Reddy H, Abraham J. Ignition kernel development studies relevant to lean-burn natural-gas engines. Fuel, 89, (3262–71), (2010).
  • [5] Cengiz C, Ayyıldız A, Karagöz S, Coşkun A, Berk S. Combustion Visualization of Partially Premixed and Non Premixed Diesel Fuel on Single Cylinder Optical Engine. European Mechanical Science , 3(1), (24-31), (2019). DOI: 10.26701/ems.385475
  • [6] Kocakulak T, Solmaz H.. HCCI MENZİL ARTTIRICI MOTOR KULLANILAN SERİ HİBRİT BİR ARACIN MODELLENMESİ. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology , 8(2), (279-292), (2020). DOI: 10.29109/gujsc.670564
  • [7] Uyumaz A, Solmaz H. RCCI BİR MOTORDA ENJEKSİYON ZAMANLAMASI VE LAMDANIN YANMA VE PERFORMANS KARAKTERİSTİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN DENEYSEL İNCELENMESİ . Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 4 (4), (299-308), (2016).
  • [8] Liu J, Bommisetty HK, Dumitrescu CE. Experimental Investigation of a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark-Ignition Operation. ASME. J. Energy Resour. Technol., 141(11), (1-12), (2019).
  • [9] U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)., Annual Energy Outlook 2016 (AEO 2016), accessed January 1, 2022, from https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/er/, 2016.
  • [10] Meyer R, Meyers D, Shahed SM, Meyer R, Meyers D, Shahed SM. Development of a Heavy Duty On-Highway Natural Gas-Fueled Engine. SAE Technical Paper 922362, (1992).
  • [11] Liu J, Szybist J, Dumitrescu C. Choice of Tuning Parameters on 3D IC Engine Simulations Using G-Equation. SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0183, (2018).
  • [12] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Methodology to separate the two burn stages of natural-gas lean premixed-combustion inside a diesel geometry. Energy Conversion and Management, 195, (21-31), (2019).
  • [13] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics in a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation. SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0124, (2019).
  • [14] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Lean-Burn Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark Ignition, J Eng Gas Turbines Power, 141, (1–12), (2019).
  • [15] Liu J. Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark Ignition Operation, PhD, West Virginia University, 2018.
  • [16] Liu J, Dumitrescu C. Experimental investigation of a natural gas lean-burn spark ignition engine with bowl-in-piston combustion chamber, SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0559, (2019).
  • [17] Liu J, Dumitrescu C. Methodology to Determine the Fast Burn Period Inside a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Converted to Natural Gas Lean-Burn Spark Ignition Operation, SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobilit, 2(1), (346-356), (2020).
  • [18] Heywood, J. B. (1988). “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals.” New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • [19] Aktas F, Karyeyen S. Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) effects on a converted spark-ignition natural gas engine. Fuel, 317, 123521, (2022).
  • [20] Aktas F. Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Mesh Size Effect of the Conversion of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine. J Eng Gas Turbines Power; 144. Epub ahead of print 21 March 2022. DOI: 10.1115/1.4053717.
  • [21] Aktas F. (2022). Spark ignition timing effects on a converted diesel engine using natural gas: A numerical study. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544070221081671
  • [22] Aktas F. (2022). A 0/1-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Conversion of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 6(1),1-8. DOI: 10.30939/ijastech..980338
  • [23] Aktas F, Numerical investigation of the effects of the use of propane-diesel as a dual fuel in a diesel engine on the combustion regime, engine performance and emission values, PhD, Gazi University, 2021.
  • [24] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. 3D CFD simulation of a CI engine converted to SI natural gas operation using the G-equation, Fuel, 232, (833-844), (2018).
  • [25] ANSYS Forte, User Guide, Release 2020 R2, 2020.
  • [26] ANSYS Forte, Theory Guide, Release 2020 R2, 2020.
  • [27] Liang L, Reitz RD. Spark ignition engine combustion modeling using a level set method with detailed chemistry, SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0243, (2006).
  • [28] Firat M. Investigation of multistage injection strategies in a DISI engine fueled with methane under stratified charge lean combustion conditions. Environ Prog Sustain Energy, 39, (5–7), (2020).
  • [29] Han Z, Reitz RD. Turbulence modeling of internal combustion engines using RNG κ-ε models, Combustion Science and Technolog, 106(4-6), (267-295), (1995).
  • [30] Yakhot V, Orszag SA. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic theory, Journal of Scientific Computing, 1(1), (3-51), (1986).
  • [31] Verma I, Bish E, Kuntz M, Meeks E, Puduppakkam K, Naik C, Liang L. CFD Modeling of Spark Ignited Gasoline Engines-Part 1: Modeling the Engine under Motored and Premixed-Charge Combustion Mode. SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0591, (2016).
  • [32] Verma I, Bish E, Kuntz M, Meeks E, Puduppakkam K, Naik C, Liang L. CFD Modeling of Spark Ignited Gasoline Engines-Part 2: Modeling the Engine in Direct Injection Mode. SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0579, (2016).
  • [33] Stocchi I, Liu J, Dumitrescu CE, Battistoni M, Grimaldi CN. Effect of Piston Crevices on the Numerical Simulation of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 141(11), (2019).
  • [34] Han Z, Reitz RD. A Temperature Wall Function Formulation for Variable-density Turbulence Flows with Application to Engine Convective Heat Transfer Modeling, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 40(3), (613-625), (1997).
  • [35] Liu J, Dumitrescu CE. Numerical Investigation of Methane Number and Wobbe Index Effects in Lean-Burn Natural Gas Spark-Ignition Combustion. Energy & Fuels, 33(5), (4564-4574), (2019).
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Tasarım ve Teknoloji
Authors

Fatih Aktaş 0000-0002-1594-5002

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Submission Date March 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aktaş, F. (2022). Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Engine Speed on Performance and Combustion Characteristics on a Converted Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 10(3), 613-626. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1094175

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