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Year 2015, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 407 - 416, 02.04.2015

Abstract

The icing occured on the highway and runway which people and goods are transported, reduces the resistance of friction between the vehicle tires and pavement coating, so the slippery coating causes serious accidents. In our regions that air temperature is usually under 0 °C, causes the goverment to spend millions of liras every year for snow and ice control methods, however this methods are inadequate. The methods used for snow and ice control should not inflict damage on the pavements, metal components, environment, human healt and economy. However, the existing methods currently used are not qualified to meet these expectations. Some certain chemical solutions have been produced by private companies are being used recently, but the cost of these are expensive. Therefore these chemicals are used only in runways, bridges and viaducts which are most exposed to icing. Althought pavement heating systems offered ease of application and are efficient methods, these processes are being avoided due to high initial installation cost. In this study, financial analysis is performed for methods used against ice and snow struggle and pavement heating systems which are the alternative to these chemicals. The most economic as well as effective struggle method is attempted to determine

References

  • [1] Devlet Hava Meydanları Đşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü, Havaalanları Pist Yüzey Şartları Yönergesi, Yönerge No 15, 2006.
  • [2] Henderson, D. J., "Experimental Roadway Heating Project on a Bridge Approach", Highway Research Records, 14–23, 1963.
  • [3] Menzies, T. R., "National Cost of Damage to Infrastructure From Highway Deicing", Corrosion Forms and Control For Infrastructure, ASTM STP 1137, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 30–46, 1991.
  • [4] Hassan, Y., Abd El Halim, A. O., Razaqpur, A. G., Bekheet, W. ve Farha, M. H., "Effects of Runway Deicers on Pavement Materials and Mixes: Comparison with Road Salt", Journal of Transportation Engineering, 385–391, 2002.
  • [5] Amsler, D. E., "Snow and Ice Control", Cornell Local Roads Program Publication, No 06-7, 2006.
  • [6] Anonymous, "Pre-Wetting and Anti-Icing Techniques for Winter Road Maintenance", Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin, No 22, 8, Wisconsin, 2005.
  • [7] Nixon, W. A., "The Use of Abrasives in Winter Maintanence", Lowa Department of Transportation and The Lowa Highway Research Board, Final Report of Project TR 434, No 416, 23, Lowa, 2001.
  • [8] Ahmedzade P., Yılmaz, M. veYılmaz, M., "Kar ve Buz ile Mücadele Etmek Amacıyla Geliştirilen Daha Etkili ve Ekonomik Yeni Yöntemler", 7. Ulaştırma Kongresi, 186- 195, Đstanbul, 2007.
  • [9] Monsere, C. M. ve diğ., "Determining optimum safety countermeasures for speed related crashes Volume 2: Comparison of identification and ranking methodologies for speed-related crash locations", Oregon Department of Transportation Research Unit, 99, 2006.
  • [10] U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Airside Use of Heated Pavement Systems, Advisory Circular No 150/5370-17, 2011.
  • [11] Bienert, W. B., Pravda, M. F., Suelau, H. H. ve Wolf, D. A., "Snow and Ice Removal from Pavements Using Stored Earth Energy", Report FHWA-RD-75-6, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1974.
  • [12] Long, D. C. and Baldwin, J. S., "Snow and Ice Removal from Pavement Using Stored Earth Energy", Report: FHWA-TS-80-227, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1980.
  • [13] Lund, J. W., "Pavement Snow Melting", GeoHeat Center Quarterly Bullettin, Cilt 21, No 2, 2000.
  • [14] Nydahl, J., Pell, K., Lee, R. ve Sackos, J., "Evaluation of An Earth Heated Bridge Deck", University of Wyoming, Larime, DTFH61-80-C-00053, 1984.
  • [15] Aoki K., Hattori, M. ve Ujiie, T., "Snow Melting by Heating from the Bottom Surface", The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineer International Journal, Cilt 31, No 2, 269, 1998.
  • [16] Ichiyama, T. ve Magome, T., "Snow Melting Panel", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Patent No. 7, 261, 145, B2, 2007.
  • [17] Boyd, T., "New Snow Melt Projects in Klamath Falls", Geo-Heat Center Quarterly Bulletin, 2003.
  • [18] Zhao, H., Wang, S., Wu, Z. ve Che, G., "Concrete Slab Installed With Carbon Fiber Heating Wire for Bridge Deck Deicing", Journal of Transportation Engineering, 500–509, 2010.
  • [19] Zenewitz, J. A., "Survey of Alternatives to The Use of Chlorides for Highway Deicing", Federal Highway Administration Offices of Research and Development, Report No. FHWA-RD-77-52, Washington, 1977.
  • [20] Seferoğlu, M. T., "Havaalanı Rijit Kaplamalarında Farklı Beton Sınıfları Đçin Sıcaklık Değişiminin Sonlu Elemanlar ve Deneysel Çalışmalarla Belirlenmesi", Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon, 2014.
  • [21] Sugarawa, N. ve diğ., "Energy Saving Characteristics of a New Type of RoadHeating System", Atmospheric Research, 113-122, 1998.
  • [22] Petrenko V. ve Sullavan C., "Methods and Systems for Removing Ice from Surfaces", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Patent No. 6, 653, 598, B2, 2003.
  • [23] Walker, L., "Snow and Ice Melting Blanket Device", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Patent No. 6, 051, 812, 2000.
  • [24] Xie, P. ve Beaudion, J. J., "Electrically Conductive Concrete and Its Application in Deicing", Advances in Concrete Technology Proceedings Second CANMET/ACI International Symposium, LasVegas, Nevada, 399-417, 1995.
  • [25] Yehia, S. ve Tuan, C. Y., "Bridge Deck Deicing", Transportation Conference Proceedings, Iowa, USA, 51–57, 1998.
  • [26] Yehia, S., Tuan, C. Y., Ferdon, D. ve Chen, B., "Conductive Concrete Overlay for Bridge Deck Deicing: Mixture Proportioning, Optimization and Properties", ACI Materials Journal 97 (2), 172–181, 2000.
  • [27] Minsk, L. D., "Electrically Conductive Asphaltic Concrete", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Patent No. 3, 573, 427, 1971. 416 GU J Sci, Part C, 3(1):407-416 (2015)/
  • [28] Abukasm, Z. G., "Modular Snow Melting Carpet Device", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Patent No. 6, 278, 085 B1, 2001.
  • [29] Tuan, C. Y., "Roca Spur Bridge: The Implementation of An Innovative Deicing Technology", Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 22 (1), 1–15, 2008.
  • [30] Hopstock, D. M., "Microwave-Absorbing Road Construction and Repair Material", Final Report to NRRI on Idea Evaluation Subcontract, 2003.
  • [31] Yörükoğulları, E., "Doğal Zeolitlerin Karayollarında Buz/Kar Çözücü Olarak Kullanımı", Madencilik Bülteni, 75, 40-42, 2005.
  • [32] Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM), 2007 Yılı Devlet ve Đl Yollari Bakim-Đşletme Maliyetleri, Ulaşım ve Maliyet Etütleri Şube Müdürlüğü, 2007.
  • [33] Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM), 2013 Yılı Devlet ve Đl Yolları Bakım-Đşletme Maliyet Bilgileri, Ulaşım ve Maliyet Etütleri Şubesi Müdürlüğü, 2013.
  • [34] Erzurum Büyükşehir Belediyesi, 2013 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu, Bölüm3, 135, 2013.
  • [35] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Storm Water Management Fact Sheet Minimizing Effects From Highway Deicing", EPA 832-F-99-016, 1999.
  • [36] Kuloğlu, N. ve Kök, B. V., "Karayollarında Kar ve Buz Mücadelesinde Kullanılan Tuzun Beton Asfalt Kaplamaya Etkisi", Fırat Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, 87-96, 2005.
  • [37] Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Report, "Manual of Practice for An Effective Anti-icing Program: A Guide For Highway Winter Maintenance Personnel", RD-95-202 69, 1996.
  • [38] Park Teknoloji Yayla Grup, "Karla Mücadele; Yeni Çözüm Kar ve Buz Çözücü Snow Fighter De-ice", 14, 2005.

KARAYOLU VE HAVAYOLU KAPLAMALARINDA KULLANILAN KAR VE BUZLA MÜCADELE YÖNTEMLERİNİN MALİ ANALİZİ

Year 2015, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 407 - 416, 02.04.2015

Abstract

İnsanların ve eşyaların ulaşımını gerçekleştirdiği karayolu ve havaalanı kaplamalarında oluşan buzlanma, araç tekerlekleri ile kaplama arasındaki sürtünme direncini düşürüp, kaplamayı kayganlaştırarak ciddi sorunlara sebep olabilmektedir. Hava sıcaklıklarının 0°C’nin altında seyrettiği bölgelerimizde kar ve buzla mücadele için her yıl milyonlarca lira harcanmakta, buna rağmen mevcut yöntemler yetersiz kalmaktadır. Kar ve buzla mücadelede kullanılan yöntemlerin kaplama tabakasına, metal aksamlara, çevreye, insan sağlığına ve ekonomiye zarar vermemesi gerekmektedir. Fakat günümüzde kullanılan mevcut yöntemler bu beklentileri karşılar nitelikte değildir. Yeni yeni kullanılmaya başlanan özel firmalar tarafından üretilen bazı kimyasal solüsyonların da maliyetleri çok yüksektir. Bu sebeple yalnızca uçak pistlerinde ve buzlanmaya en çok maruz kalan köprü ve viyadüklerde kullanılmaktadır. Kaplama ısıtma sistemleri ise uygulama kolaylığı ve etkili bir yöntem olmasına karşın yüksek ilk kurulum maliyeti sebebiyle kaçınılan bir mücadele yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada, kar ve buzla mücadelede kullanılan kimyasal yöntemlerin ve bu yöntemlere alternatif olabilecek kaplama ısıtma sistemlerinin maliyet analizi yapılmıştır. Etkili olmasının yanısıra ekonomik de olan mücadele yöntemi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. 

References

  • [1] Devlet Hava Meydanları Đşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü, Havaalanları Pist Yüzey Şartları Yönergesi, Yönerge No 15, 2006.
  • [2] Henderson, D. J., "Experimental Roadway Heating Project on a Bridge Approach", Highway Research Records, 14–23, 1963.
  • [3] Menzies, T. R., "National Cost of Damage to Infrastructure From Highway Deicing", Corrosion Forms and Control For Infrastructure, ASTM STP 1137, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 30–46, 1991.
  • [4] Hassan, Y., Abd El Halim, A. O., Razaqpur, A. G., Bekheet, W. ve Farha, M. H., "Effects of Runway Deicers on Pavement Materials and Mixes: Comparison with Road Salt", Journal of Transportation Engineering, 385–391, 2002.
  • [5] Amsler, D. E., "Snow and Ice Control", Cornell Local Roads Program Publication, No 06-7, 2006.
  • [6] Anonymous, "Pre-Wetting and Anti-Icing Techniques for Winter Road Maintenance", Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin, No 22, 8, Wisconsin, 2005.
  • [7] Nixon, W. A., "The Use of Abrasives in Winter Maintanence", Lowa Department of Transportation and The Lowa Highway Research Board, Final Report of Project TR 434, No 416, 23, Lowa, 2001.
  • [8] Ahmedzade P., Yılmaz, M. veYılmaz, M., "Kar ve Buz ile Mücadele Etmek Amacıyla Geliştirilen Daha Etkili ve Ekonomik Yeni Yöntemler", 7. Ulaştırma Kongresi, 186- 195, Đstanbul, 2007.
  • [9] Monsere, C. M. ve diğ., "Determining optimum safety countermeasures for speed related crashes Volume 2: Comparison of identification and ranking methodologies for speed-related crash locations", Oregon Department of Transportation Research Unit, 99, 2006.
  • [10] U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Airside Use of Heated Pavement Systems, Advisory Circular No 150/5370-17, 2011.
  • [11] Bienert, W. B., Pravda, M. F., Suelau, H. H. ve Wolf, D. A., "Snow and Ice Removal from Pavements Using Stored Earth Energy", Report FHWA-RD-75-6, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1974.
  • [12] Long, D. C. and Baldwin, J. S., "Snow and Ice Removal from Pavement Using Stored Earth Energy", Report: FHWA-TS-80-227, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1980.
  • [13] Lund, J. W., "Pavement Snow Melting", GeoHeat Center Quarterly Bullettin, Cilt 21, No 2, 2000.
  • [14] Nydahl, J., Pell, K., Lee, R. ve Sackos, J., "Evaluation of An Earth Heated Bridge Deck", University of Wyoming, Larime, DTFH61-80-C-00053, 1984.
  • [15] Aoki K., Hattori, M. ve Ujiie, T., "Snow Melting by Heating from the Bottom Surface", The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineer International Journal, Cilt 31, No 2, 269, 1998.
  • [16] Ichiyama, T. ve Magome, T., "Snow Melting Panel", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Patent No. 7, 261, 145, B2, 2007.
  • [17] Boyd, T., "New Snow Melt Projects in Klamath Falls", Geo-Heat Center Quarterly Bulletin, 2003.
  • [18] Zhao, H., Wang, S., Wu, Z. ve Che, G., "Concrete Slab Installed With Carbon Fiber Heating Wire for Bridge Deck Deicing", Journal of Transportation Engineering, 500–509, 2010.
  • [19] Zenewitz, J. A., "Survey of Alternatives to The Use of Chlorides for Highway Deicing", Federal Highway Administration Offices of Research and Development, Report No. FHWA-RD-77-52, Washington, 1977.
  • [20] Seferoğlu, M. T., "Havaalanı Rijit Kaplamalarında Farklı Beton Sınıfları Đçin Sıcaklık Değişiminin Sonlu Elemanlar ve Deneysel Çalışmalarla Belirlenmesi", Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon, 2014.
  • [21] Sugarawa, N. ve diğ., "Energy Saving Characteristics of a New Type of RoadHeating System", Atmospheric Research, 113-122, 1998.
  • [22] Petrenko V. ve Sullavan C., "Methods and Systems for Removing Ice from Surfaces", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Patent No. 6, 653, 598, B2, 2003.
  • [23] Walker, L., "Snow and Ice Melting Blanket Device", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Patent No. 6, 051, 812, 2000.
  • [24] Xie, P. ve Beaudion, J. J., "Electrically Conductive Concrete and Its Application in Deicing", Advances in Concrete Technology Proceedings Second CANMET/ACI International Symposium, LasVegas, Nevada, 399-417, 1995.
  • [25] Yehia, S. ve Tuan, C. Y., "Bridge Deck Deicing", Transportation Conference Proceedings, Iowa, USA, 51–57, 1998.
  • [26] Yehia, S., Tuan, C. Y., Ferdon, D. ve Chen, B., "Conductive Concrete Overlay for Bridge Deck Deicing: Mixture Proportioning, Optimization and Properties", ACI Materials Journal 97 (2), 172–181, 2000.
  • [27] Minsk, L. D., "Electrically Conductive Asphaltic Concrete", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Patent No. 3, 573, 427, 1971. 416 GU J Sci, Part C, 3(1):407-416 (2015)/
  • [28] Abukasm, Z. G., "Modular Snow Melting Carpet Device", Washington D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Patent No. 6, 278, 085 B1, 2001.
  • [29] Tuan, C. Y., "Roca Spur Bridge: The Implementation of An Innovative Deicing Technology", Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 22 (1), 1–15, 2008.
  • [30] Hopstock, D. M., "Microwave-Absorbing Road Construction and Repair Material", Final Report to NRRI on Idea Evaluation Subcontract, 2003.
  • [31] Yörükoğulları, E., "Doğal Zeolitlerin Karayollarında Buz/Kar Çözücü Olarak Kullanımı", Madencilik Bülteni, 75, 40-42, 2005.
  • [32] Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM), 2007 Yılı Devlet ve Đl Yollari Bakim-Đşletme Maliyetleri, Ulaşım ve Maliyet Etütleri Şube Müdürlüğü, 2007.
  • [33] Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM), 2013 Yılı Devlet ve Đl Yolları Bakım-Đşletme Maliyet Bilgileri, Ulaşım ve Maliyet Etütleri Şubesi Müdürlüğü, 2013.
  • [34] Erzurum Büyükşehir Belediyesi, 2013 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu, Bölüm3, 135, 2013.
  • [35] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Storm Water Management Fact Sheet Minimizing Effects From Highway Deicing", EPA 832-F-99-016, 1999.
  • [36] Kuloğlu, N. ve Kök, B. V., "Karayollarında Kar ve Buz Mücadelesinde Kullanılan Tuzun Beton Asfalt Kaplamaya Etkisi", Fırat Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, 87-96, 2005.
  • [37] Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Report, "Manual of Practice for An Effective Anti-icing Program: A Guide For Highway Winter Maintenance Personnel", RD-95-202 69, 1996.
  • [38] Park Teknoloji Yayla Grup, "Karla Mücadele; Yeni Çözüm Kar ve Buz Çözücü Snow Fighter De-ice", 14, 2005.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Tasarım ve Teknoloji
Authors

Ayşegül Seferoğlu

Mehmet Seferoğlu

Muhammet Akpınar

Publication Date April 2, 2015
Submission Date December 4, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Seferoğlu, A., Seferoğlu, M., & Akpınar, M. (2015). KARAYOLU VE HAVAYOLU KAPLAMALARINDA KULLANILAN KAR VE BUZLA MÜCADELE YÖNTEMLERİNİN MALİ ANALİZİ. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 3(1), 407-416.

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