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Investigation of Al 5754 Alloy in Warm Processing Conditions in Terms of Deep Drawability and Sheet Thickness Variation by Finite Element Method

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 766 - 775, 27.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1323859

Abstract

Warm forming conditions are of great importance for the formability of aluminum alloys. At sub-recrystallization temperatures, formability can be increased without changing the microstructure. In this study, the temperature affecting the shaping of the Al 5754-O alloy at warm temperatures was used as a process parameter and the macro deep drawing process was numerically investigated using the finite element method. The deep drawability of the AA5754-O alloy was investigated using the sheet thickness variation parameter, with punch held at 25°C, and die conditions heated up to 225 °C, 250 °C, 275°C and 300 °C. In addition, analyzes were made at 0.78 MPa, 1.18 MPa, 1.57 MPa, and 2.35 MPa pressure blank holder pressures and at punch speeds of 2.4 mm/s and 7.8 mm/s. In the analyses, the effects of temperature distribution, punch velocity, and blank holder pressure parameters on cup thinning were analyzed. While evaluating the analyzes, the parameters that ensure the perfect deep cup drawability were examined and the effects of punch velocity and blank holder pressure parameters on the formability were analyzed. The largest cup height was obtained as 74.31 mm for the condition of 300 °C temperature, 0.78 MPa blank holder pressure, and 7.8 mm/s punch speed.

References

  • G. Palumbo and L. Tricarico, “Numerical and experimental investigations on the Warm Deep Drawing process of circular aluminum alloy specimens,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 184, no. 1–3, pp. 115–123, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.024.
  • M. H. Cetin, A. Ugur, O. Yigit, H. Gokkaya, and E. Arcaklioglu, “Development of Forming Temperature Curves for Warm Deep Drawing Process Under Non-isothermal Conditions,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 2763–2784, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s13369-015-1756-0.
  • D. Acar, M. Turkoz, H. Gedikli, H. S. Halkaci, and O. N. Cora, “Warm Hydromechanical Deep Drawing of AA 5754-O and Optimization of Process Parameters,” J. Eng. Mater. Technol. Trans. ASME, vol. 140, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1115/1.4037524.
  • H. Gedikli, Ö. N. Cora, and M. Koç, “Comparative investigations on numerical modeling for warm hydroforming of AA5754-O aluminum sheet alloy,” Mater. Des., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2650–2662, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.025.
  • E. Öztürk, M. Türköz, H. S. Halkacı, and M. Koç, “Determination of optimal loading profiles in hydromechanical deep drawing process using integrated adaptive finite element analysis and fuzzy control approach,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 88, no. 9–12, pp. 2443–2459, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00170-016-8912-x.
  • G. Altuntaş and B. Bostan, “Metallurgical characterization of natural aging effects on pre-deformed Al 7075/T651 alloy during retrogression and re-aging heat treatment,” Kov. Mater., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 209–222, 2022, doi: 10.31577/km.2022.4.209.
  • D. H. Jang and W. J. Kim, “Warm Temperature Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of 5182 and 7075 Aluminum Alloy Sheets with Fine Grains,” Met. Mater. Int., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 455–463, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12540-018-0061-3.
  • W. C. Xiao, B. Y. Wang, Y. Kang, W. P. Ma, and X. F. Tang, “Deep drawing of aluminum alloy 7075 using hot stamping,” Rare Met., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 485–493, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s12598-017-0919-4.
  • M. Halkaci, M. Türköz, M. Dilmeç, S. Halkaci, and B. Daǧhan, “Increasing the limiting drawing ratio of AA 5754 aluminum sheet by hydromechanical deep drawing process,” Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Technol. Plast. ICTP 2011, no. November 2017, pp. 472–476, 2011.
  • H. Laurent, R. Greze, M. C. Oliveira, L. F. Menezes, P. Y. Manach, and J. L. Alves, “Numerical study of springback using the split-ring test for an AA5754 aluminum alloy,” Finite Elem. Anal. Des., vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 751–759, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.finel.2010.04.004.
  • M. Ciemiorek, A. Ambroziak, K. Majchrowicz, M. Lewandowska, and J. Goliński, “Ductility and formability of ultrafine-grained 5754 aluminium alloy under various strain rates and temperatures,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 848, no. May, pp. 0–7, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2022.143375.
  • M. H. Çetin, “Ilık Derin Çekme Prosesi İçin Şekillendirme Sıcaklıklarının Belirlenmesi Ve Karakterizasyonu,” Karabük Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2015.
  • A. H. van den Boogaard and J. Huétink, “Simulation of aluminium sheet forming at elevated temperatures,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., vol. 195, no. 48–49, pp. 6691–6709, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2005.05.054.
  • H. S. Kim, M. Koç, and J. Ni, “Determination of proper temperature distribution for warm forming of aluminum sheet materials,” J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., vol. 128, no. 3, pp. 622–633, 2006, doi: 10.1115/1.2162913.
  • D. Ghaffari Tari, M. J. Worswick, and S. Winkler, “Experimental studies of deep drawing of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet under various thermal conditions,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 213, no. 8, pp. 1337–1347, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.01.028.
  • H. Laurent, J. Coër, P. Y. Manach, M. C. Oliveira, and L. F. Menezes, “Experimental and numerical studies on the warm deep drawing of an Al-Mg alloy,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., vol. 93, pp. 59–72, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2015.01.009.
  • P. J. Bolt, N. A. P. M. Lamboo, and P. J. C. M. Rozier, “Feasibility of warm drawing of aluminium products,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 118–121, 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00743-9.
  • S. Kaya, G. Spampinato, and T. Altan, “An Experimental Study on Nonisothermal Deep Drawing Process Using Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys,” J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., vol. 130, no. 6, Dec. 2008, doi: 10.1115/1.2975228.
  • A. Vasco et al., “Analysis of the influence of process parameters in the deep drawing of a cylindrical cup Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in Production Systems Speciality,” 2012.
  • Q. F. Chang, D. Y. Li, Y. H. Peng, and X. Q. Zeng, “Experimental and numerical study of warm deep drawing of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet,” Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., vol. 47, no. 3–4, pp. 436–443, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2006.06.013.
  • O. Çavuşoglu and H. Gürün, “Deformasyon hizinin DP600 ve DP780 sac malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerine ve derin çekme işlemine etkilerinin incelenmesi,” J. Fac. Eng. Archit. Gazi Univ., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 777–784, 2014, doi: 10.17341/gummfd.76140.
  • E. ESENER, E. SÖNMEZ, and M. FIRAT, “Metal Şekillendirme Proseslerinde Sac Açınım Geometrisinin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi ile Geliştirilmesi,” Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg. Part C Tasarım ve Teknol., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 79–89, 2018, doi: 10.29109/http-gujsc-gazi-edu-tr.319383.
  • M. Rodriguez-Millan, D. Garcia-Gonzalez, A. Rusinek, and A. Arias, “Influence of stress state on the mechanical impact and deformation behaviors of aluminum alloys,” Metals (Basel)., vol. 8, no. 7, 2018, doi: 10.3390/met8070520.
  • M. Colgan and J. Monaghan, “Deep drawing process: Analysis and experiment,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 132, no. 1–3, pp. 35–41, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00253-4.
  • H. Ibrahim Demirci, M. Yaşar, K. Demiray, and M. Karali, “The theoretical and experimental investigation of blank holder forces plate effect in deep drawing process of AL 1050 material,” Mater. Des., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 526–532, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.008.
  • 26 D. Li and A. Ghosh, “Tensile deformation behavior of aluminum alloys at warm forming temperatures,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 352, no. 1–2, pp. 279–286, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00915-2.

Al 5754 Alaşımının Ilık İşlem Koşullarında Derin Çekilebilirliği ve Sac Kalınlık Değişimi Açısından Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 766 - 775, 27.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1323859

Abstract

Alüminyum alaşımlarının şekillendirilebilirliği için ılık işlem koşulları büyük önem arz etmektedir. Yeniden kristalleşme altı sıcaklıklarda mikro yapıda değişim olmadan şekillendirilebilirlik arttırılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Al 5754-O alaşımının ılık sıcaklıklarda şekillendirilmesine etki eden sıcaklık, işlem parametresi olarak kullanılarak derin çekme işlemi sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. AA5754-O alaşımının derin çekilebilirliği; 25°C’de tutulan zımba ile, 225 °C, 250 °C, 275°C ve 300°C’de kadar ısıtılmış kalıp koşullarında, 0,78 MPa, 1,18 MPa, 1,57 MPa ve 2,35 MPa baskı plakası basınçlarında ve 2,4 mm/s ve 7,8 mm/s zımba hızlarında analizler yapılarak sıcaklığın, baskı plakası basıncının ve zımba hızının ılık derin çekilebilirliğe etkisi sac kalınlığı değişimi parametresi yoluyla araştırılmıştır. Analizlerde sıcaklık dağılımı, şekillendirme hızı ve baskı plakası basıncı parametrelerinin sac incelmesi üzerine etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler değerlendirilirken kusursuz derin kap çekilebilirliğini sağlayan parametreler incelenmiş ve şekillendirme hızı ve baskı plakası basıncı parametrelerinin şekillendirilebilirliğe etkileri analiz edilmiştir. 300 °C sıcaklık, 0,78 MPa baskı plakası basıncı ve 7,8 mm/s zımba hızı koşulu için en büyük kap yüksekliği 74,31 mm olarak elde edilmiştir.

References

  • G. Palumbo and L. Tricarico, “Numerical and experimental investigations on the Warm Deep Drawing process of circular aluminum alloy specimens,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 184, no. 1–3, pp. 115–123, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.024.
  • M. H. Cetin, A. Ugur, O. Yigit, H. Gokkaya, and E. Arcaklioglu, “Development of Forming Temperature Curves for Warm Deep Drawing Process Under Non-isothermal Conditions,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 2763–2784, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s13369-015-1756-0.
  • D. Acar, M. Turkoz, H. Gedikli, H. S. Halkaci, and O. N. Cora, “Warm Hydromechanical Deep Drawing of AA 5754-O and Optimization of Process Parameters,” J. Eng. Mater. Technol. Trans. ASME, vol. 140, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1115/1.4037524.
  • H. Gedikli, Ö. N. Cora, and M. Koç, “Comparative investigations on numerical modeling for warm hydroforming of AA5754-O aluminum sheet alloy,” Mater. Des., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2650–2662, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.025.
  • E. Öztürk, M. Türköz, H. S. Halkacı, and M. Koç, “Determination of optimal loading profiles in hydromechanical deep drawing process using integrated adaptive finite element analysis and fuzzy control approach,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 88, no. 9–12, pp. 2443–2459, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00170-016-8912-x.
  • G. Altuntaş and B. Bostan, “Metallurgical characterization of natural aging effects on pre-deformed Al 7075/T651 alloy during retrogression and re-aging heat treatment,” Kov. Mater., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 209–222, 2022, doi: 10.31577/km.2022.4.209.
  • D. H. Jang and W. J. Kim, “Warm Temperature Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of 5182 and 7075 Aluminum Alloy Sheets with Fine Grains,” Met. Mater. Int., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 455–463, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12540-018-0061-3.
  • W. C. Xiao, B. Y. Wang, Y. Kang, W. P. Ma, and X. F. Tang, “Deep drawing of aluminum alloy 7075 using hot stamping,” Rare Met., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 485–493, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s12598-017-0919-4.
  • M. Halkaci, M. Türköz, M. Dilmeç, S. Halkaci, and B. Daǧhan, “Increasing the limiting drawing ratio of AA 5754 aluminum sheet by hydromechanical deep drawing process,” Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Technol. Plast. ICTP 2011, no. November 2017, pp. 472–476, 2011.
  • H. Laurent, R. Greze, M. C. Oliveira, L. F. Menezes, P. Y. Manach, and J. L. Alves, “Numerical study of springback using the split-ring test for an AA5754 aluminum alloy,” Finite Elem. Anal. Des., vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 751–759, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.finel.2010.04.004.
  • M. Ciemiorek, A. Ambroziak, K. Majchrowicz, M. Lewandowska, and J. Goliński, “Ductility and formability of ultrafine-grained 5754 aluminium alloy under various strain rates and temperatures,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 848, no. May, pp. 0–7, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2022.143375.
  • M. H. Çetin, “Ilık Derin Çekme Prosesi İçin Şekillendirme Sıcaklıklarının Belirlenmesi Ve Karakterizasyonu,” Karabük Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2015.
  • A. H. van den Boogaard and J. Huétink, “Simulation of aluminium sheet forming at elevated temperatures,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., vol. 195, no. 48–49, pp. 6691–6709, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2005.05.054.
  • H. S. Kim, M. Koç, and J. Ni, “Determination of proper temperature distribution for warm forming of aluminum sheet materials,” J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., vol. 128, no. 3, pp. 622–633, 2006, doi: 10.1115/1.2162913.
  • D. Ghaffari Tari, M. J. Worswick, and S. Winkler, “Experimental studies of deep drawing of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet under various thermal conditions,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 213, no. 8, pp. 1337–1347, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.01.028.
  • H. Laurent, J. Coër, P. Y. Manach, M. C. Oliveira, and L. F. Menezes, “Experimental and numerical studies on the warm deep drawing of an Al-Mg alloy,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., vol. 93, pp. 59–72, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2015.01.009.
  • P. J. Bolt, N. A. P. M. Lamboo, and P. J. C. M. Rozier, “Feasibility of warm drawing of aluminium products,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 118–121, 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00743-9.
  • S. Kaya, G. Spampinato, and T. Altan, “An Experimental Study on Nonisothermal Deep Drawing Process Using Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys,” J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., vol. 130, no. 6, Dec. 2008, doi: 10.1115/1.2975228.
  • A. Vasco et al., “Analysis of the influence of process parameters in the deep drawing of a cylindrical cup Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in Production Systems Speciality,” 2012.
  • Q. F. Chang, D. Y. Li, Y. H. Peng, and X. Q. Zeng, “Experimental and numerical study of warm deep drawing of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet,” Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., vol. 47, no. 3–4, pp. 436–443, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2006.06.013.
  • O. Çavuşoglu and H. Gürün, “Deformasyon hizinin DP600 ve DP780 sac malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerine ve derin çekme işlemine etkilerinin incelenmesi,” J. Fac. Eng. Archit. Gazi Univ., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 777–784, 2014, doi: 10.17341/gummfd.76140.
  • E. ESENER, E. SÖNMEZ, and M. FIRAT, “Metal Şekillendirme Proseslerinde Sac Açınım Geometrisinin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi ile Geliştirilmesi,” Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg. Part C Tasarım ve Teknol., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 79–89, 2018, doi: 10.29109/http-gujsc-gazi-edu-tr.319383.
  • M. Rodriguez-Millan, D. Garcia-Gonzalez, A. Rusinek, and A. Arias, “Influence of stress state on the mechanical impact and deformation behaviors of aluminum alloys,” Metals (Basel)., vol. 8, no. 7, 2018, doi: 10.3390/met8070520.
  • M. Colgan and J. Monaghan, “Deep drawing process: Analysis and experiment,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 132, no. 1–3, pp. 35–41, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00253-4.
  • H. Ibrahim Demirci, M. Yaşar, K. Demiray, and M. Karali, “The theoretical and experimental investigation of blank holder forces plate effect in deep drawing process of AL 1050 material,” Mater. Des., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 526–532, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.008.
  • 26 D. Li and A. Ghosh, “Tensile deformation behavior of aluminum alloys at warm forming temperatures,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 352, no. 1–2, pp. 279–286, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00915-2.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Material Design and Behaviors
Journal Section Tasarım ve Teknoloji
Authors

Mehmet Emin Çetin 0000-0002-6314-5261

Early Pub Date September 1, 2023
Publication Date September 27, 2023
Submission Date July 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çetin, M. E. (2023). Al 5754 Alaşımının Ilık İşlem Koşullarında Derin Çekilebilirliği ve Sac Kalınlık Değişimi Açısından Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 11(3), 766-775. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1323859

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