Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Material Characteristics of GPL-Reinforced Double-FG Composite Nanoplates under Temperature Load

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 341 - 354, 24.03.2025

Kerim Gökhan Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1577831

Abstract

This article analyzes the variation in the mechanical and thermal material characteristics of graphene platelets (GPLs)-reinforced double-functionally graded (FG) composite nanoplates subjected to thermal load. Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and silicon nitride (Si3N4) metal-ceramic matrix is preferred for the nanoplate matrix due to their potential for use in thermal environments. The double-FG properties of the structure are provided by the functional dispersion of the ceramic-metal matrix as well as the effective arrangement of the GPLs in two distinct patterns throughout the plate's thickness (Type-X and Type-U). The thermal and mechanical characteristics of the matrix materials and GPLs are temperature-dependent. The effective material properties of the double-FG nanoplate matrix are obtained using Voigt's rule of mixture. The analysis is conducted to evaluate the influence of variables like temperature rise, GPLs weight ratio and GPLs distribution patterns on the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanoplate such as effective modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion and coefficient of thermal conductivity. According to the results of the analysis, it is determined that the thermal and mechanical characteristics of the proposed plate change significantly with temperature rise and exhibit quite different performance at room temperature and high temperature environments. With the presented work, it is expected to provide significant contribution to aerospace, marine and medical applications, micro and nano electromechanical devices, microprocessors and transistors that will operate in environments requiring high temperature and corrosion resistance.

Keywords

Double-FG material, GPL-reinforced nanoplate, Ti-6Al-4V, Silicon nitride

References

• 1] Saidi, H., Bouchafa, A., Tounsi, A., and Adda.Bedia, A. E.A., “Analysis of non-symmetric FG sandwich plates under Thermo-mechanical loading using a novel shear deformation theory with stretching effect,” MATEC Web Conf., vol. 241, p. 1018, 2018.
• [2] D. İpci and B. Yıldırım, “Free Vibration Analysis of a Functionally Graded Micro-Beam with Tapered Cross Section,” Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg. Part C Tasarım ve Teknol., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 272–282, 2021.
• [3] M. Arefi, “Buckling analysis of the functionally graded sandwich rectangular plates integrated with piezoelectric layers under bi-axial loads,” J. Sandw. Struct. \& Mater., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 712–735, 2017.
• [4] R. Moradi-Dastjerdi and H. Malek-Mohammadi, “Biaxial buckling analysis of functionally graded nanocomposite sandwich plates reinforced by aggregated carbon nanotube using improved high-order theory,” J. Sandw. Struct. \& Mater., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 736–769, 2017.
• [5] M. K. Apalak and M. D. Demirbas, “Thermal stress analysis of in-plane two-directional functionally graded plates subjected to in-plane edge heat fluxes,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part L J. Mater. Des. Appl., vol. 232, no. 8, pp. 693–716, 2018.
• [6] C. T. Binh, T. H. Quoc, D. T. Huan, and H. T. Hien, “Vibration characteristics of rotating functionally graded porous beams reinforced by graphene platelets,” J. Sci. Technol. Civ. Eng. - HUCE, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 29–41, 2021.
• [7] J. Yang, H. Wu, and S. Kitipornchai, “Buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded multilayer graphene platelet-reinforced composite beams,” Compos. Struct., vol. 161, pp. 111–118, 2017.
• [8] D. Chen, J. Yang, and S. Kitipornchai, “Nonlinear vibration and postbuckling of functionally graded graphene reinforced porous nanocomposite beams,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 142, pp. 235–245, 2017.
• [9] S. Başkut and S. Turan, “Improving the Mechanical Properties of GPLs-SiAlON Composites by Microfluidization Technique as a New Approach to Dispersion of GPLs,” Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg. Part C Tasarım ve Teknol., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 455–467, 2022.
• [10] V. Kumar Dwivedi and D. Kumar, “Graphene as a stimulus for mechanical strength in glass-fiber reinforced polymers composite,” World J. Eng., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 143–149, 2023.
• [11] Z. Li et al., “Uniform dispersion of graphene oxide in aluminum powder by direct electrostatic adsorption for fabrication of graphene/aluminum composites,” Nanotechnology, vol. 25, no. 32, 2014.
• [12] G. V Seretis, G. Kouzilos, A. K. Polyzou, D. E. Manolakos, and C. G. Provatidis, “Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets Fillers on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Cast Aluminum Matrix Composites,” Nano Hybrids Compos., vol. 15, pp. 26–35, 2017.
• [13] K. Chu and C. Jia, “Enhanced strength in bulk graphene–copper composites,” Phys. status solidi, vol. 211, no. 1, pp. 184–190, 2014.
• [14] K. G. Aktaş, “3D wave dispersion analysis of graphene platelet-reinforced ultra-stiff double functionally graded nanocomposite sandwich plates with metamaterial honeycomb core layer,” Mech. Time-Dependent Mater., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1873–1908, 2024.
• [15] Z. Wu, A. E. Wilson-Heid, R. J. Griffiths, and E. S. Elton, “A review on experimentally observed mechanical and microstructural characteristics of interfaces in multi-material laser powder bed fusion,” Front. Mech. Eng., vol. 9, no. July, pp. 1–20, 2023.
• [16] M. Estili and Y. Sakka, “Dispersion and reinforcing mechanism of carbon nanotubes in a ceramic material,” Funtai Oyobi Fummatsu Yakin/Journal Japan Soc. Powder Powder Metall., vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 955–964, 2016.
• [17] M. Nouraei, V. Zamani, and Ö. Civalek, “Vibration of smart sandwich plate with an auxetic core and dual-FG nanocomposite layers integrated with piezoceramic actuators,” Compos. Struct., vol. 315, p. 117014, 2023.
• [18] H.-S. Shen, “Nonlinear bending of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates in thermal environments,” Compos. Struct., vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 9–19, 2009.
• [19] S. Kamarian, M. Bodaghi, R. B. Isfahani, and J. Song, “Thermal buckling analysis of sandwich plates with soft core and CNT-Reinforced composite face sheets,” J. Sandw. Struct. \& Mater., vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 3606–3644, 2021.
• [20] P. Chen et al., “Preliminary analysis of a fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel thermal-mechanical performance,” Mathematics, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 448, 2019, doi: 10.3390/math7050448.
• [21] H. Le Ferrand, “Modeling the effect of microstructure on elastic wave propagation in platelet-reinforced composites and ceramics,” Compos. Struct., vol. 224, p. 111105, 2019.
• [22] W. Xiong, B. Blackman, J. P. Dear, and X. Wang, “The effect of composite orientation on the mechanical properties of hybrid joints strengthened by surfi-sculpt,” Compos. Struct., vol. 134, pp. 587–592, 2015.
• [23] C. García-Hernández et al., “Trochoidal milling path with variable feed. Application to the machining of a ti-6al-4v part,” Mathematics, vol. 9, no. 21, p. 2701, 2021.
• [24] S. R. Bakshi, V. Musaramthota, D. Lahiri, V. Singh, S. Seal, and A. Agarwal, “Spark plasma sintered tantalum carbide: Effect of pressure and nano-boron carbide addition on microstructure and mechanical properties,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 528, no. 3, pp. 1287–1295, 2011.
• [25] O. A. Ogunmefun et al., “Densification, microstructure, and nanomechanical evaluation of pulsed electric sintered zirconia-silicon nitride reinforced Ti-6Al-4 V alloy,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 3649–3660, 2024.
• [26] W. Zhao, J. Cui, and P. Rao, “Effect of molten zone ablated by femtosecond lasers on fracture toughness of Si3N4 measured by SEVNB method,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 2243–2246, 2018.
• [27] H. T. Thai and D. H. Choi, “A simple first-order shear deformation theory for the bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates,” Compos. Struct., vol. 101, pp. 332–340, 2013.
• [28] H.-Q. Tran, V.-T. Vu, and M.-T. Tran, “Free vibration analysis of piezoelectric functionally graded porous plates with graphene platelets reinforcement by pb-2 Ritz method,” Compos. Struct., vol. 305, p. 116535, 2023.
• [29] M. Sobhy, M. A. Abazid, and F. H. H. Al Mukahal, “Electro-thermal buckling of FG graphene platelets-strengthened piezoelectric beams under humid conditions,” Adv. Mech. Eng., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1–12, 2022.
• [30] M. Sobhy and F. Alsaleh, “Nonlinear bending of FG metal/graphene sandwich microplates with metal foam core resting on nonlinear elastic foundations via a new plate theory,” Mech. Based Des. Struct. Mach., vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 3842–3869, 2024.
• [31] Y. S. Touloukian, Thermophysical properties of high temperature solid materials. New York: Macmillan, 1967.
• [32] Touloukian YS, (1966) Thermophysical properties of high temperature solid materials. Volume 4. Oxides and their solutions and mixtures. Part 1, vol 1. New York: Macmillan, 1966.
• [33] J. N. Reddy and C. D. Chin, “Thermomechanical analysis of functionally graded cylinders and plates,” J. Therm. Stress., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 593–626, 1998.
• [34] D. G. Zhang, “Thermal post-buckling and nonlinear vibration analysis of FGM beams based on physical neutral surface and high order shear deformation theory,” Meccanica, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 283–293, 2014.
• [35] L.-C. Tang et al., “The effect of graphene dispersion on the mechanical properties of graphene/epoxy composites,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 60, pp. 16–27, 2013.
• [36] F. Hua, W. Fu, Q. You, Q. Huang, F. Abad, and X. Zhou, “A refined spectral element model for wave propagation in multiscale hybrid epoxy/carbon fiber/graphene platelet composite shells,” Aerosp. Sci. Technol., vol. 138, p. 108321, 2023.
• [37] Y. W. Zhang, G. L. She, and M. A. Eltaher, “Nonlinear transient response of graphene platelets reinforced metal foams annular plate considering rotating motion and initial geometric imperfection,” Aerosp. Sci. Technol., vol. 142, no. PB, p. 108693, 2023.
• [38] M. Song, S. Kitipornchai, and J. Yang, “Free and forced vibrations of functionally graded polymer composite plates reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets,” Compos. Struct., vol. 159, pp. 579–588, 2017.
• [39] S. Qaderi, F. Ebrahimi, and V. Mahesh, “Free Vibration Analysis of Graphene Platelets–Reinforced Composites Plates in Thermal Environment Based on Higher-Order Shear Deformation Plate Theory,” Int. J. Aeronaut. Sp. Sci., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 902–912, 2019.
• [40] M. A. Koç, İ. Esen, and M. Eroğlu, “Thermomechanical vibration response of nanoplates with magneto-electro-elastic face layers and functionally graded porous core using nonlocal strain gradient elasticity,” Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., vol. 31, no. 18, pp. 4477–4509, 2024.