OECD Üyesi Ülkelerin Çevre Koruma Harcamalarının Etkinliğinin Belirleyicileri: İki Aşamalı Veri Zarflama Analizi Uygulaması

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 36, 124 - 138, 30.09.2024

Senem Koç Arslan , Gülsüm Gürler Hazman

https://doi.org/10.70490/gumrukticaretdergisi.1536364

Abstract

Günümüzde yaşanan ve giderek ciddileşen çevresel sorunlar devletleri ve uluslararası örgütleri iklim, çevre ve bunların yönetimi ile ilgili çalışmalar yapmaya, tedbirler almaya ve alternatif politikalar üretmeye zorlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda ülkelerin çevre politikalarına bir perspektif sunmak ve politika geliştirmede yol gösterici olması adına çevre koruma harcamalarını incelemek önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada seçili OECD ülkelerinin çevre koruma harcamalarının etkinliğini görmek ve bu etkinliği belirleyen faktörleri tespit etmek üzere iki aşamalı veri zarflama analizi uygulanmış. 30 OECD ülkesinin 2008-2020 yılları arası çevre koruma harcamalarının etkinliğini belirlemek için veri zarflama analizi-süper etkinlik modeli kullanılmıştır. Yapılan ekinlik analizinde kamu çevre koruma harcamaları girdi olarak kullanılırken ülkelerin yenilenebilir enerji üretimi, ormanlık alan miktarı, CO2 emisyonu, P.M. 2.5 partikül madde maruziyeti ve kişi başı GSYH miktarı çıktı olarak kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan çıktılarda karbondioksit emisyonu ve P.M. 2.5 partikül madde maruziyeti istenmeyen çıktı (undesirable output) olarak yer almıştır. İkinci aşamada ise bu etkinlik skorlarının belirleyicilerini ölçmek üzere klasik panel veri analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda ekonomik büyüme arttıkça çevre koruma harcamalarının etkinliği artmakta; nüfus yoğunluğu dikkate alındığında ise, nüfus yoğunluğu arttıkça çevre koruma harcamalarının etkinliği azalmaktadır.

Keywords

Süper etkinlik, Çevre Koruma Harcamaları, İki Aşamalı Veri Zarflama Analizi, OECD

Determinants of the Effectiveness of Environmental Protection Expenditures of OECD Countries: Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis

Abstract

Today's environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious, forcing states and international organizations to study climate, environment, and their management, take measures and produce alternative policies. In this context, it is essential to examine environmental protection expenditures to provide a perspective on countries' environmental policies and to guide policy development. In this study, a two-stage data envelopment analysis was applied to see the effectiveness of environmental protection expenditures of selected OECD countries and to identify the factors that determine this effectiveness. Data envelopment analysis-super efficiency model was used to determine the effectiveness of environmental protection expenditures of 30 OECD countries between 2008-2020. In the efficiency analysis, public environmental protection expenditures were used as inputs. In contrast, countries' renewable energy production, forest area amount, CO2 emissions, P.M. 2.5 particulate matter exposure, and per capita GDP were used as outputs. Carbon dioxide emissions and P.M. 2.5 particulate matter exposure were included as undesirable outputs in the outputs used. In the second stage, classical panel data analysis was applied to measure the determinants of these efficiency scores. As a result of the analysis, as economic growth increases, the effectiveness of environmental protection expenditures increases; however, when population density is taken into account, the effectiveness of environmental protection expenditures decreases as population density increases.

Keywords

Super Efficiency, Environmental Protection Expenditures, Two Stage-DEA, OECD

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