THE RELATION BETWEEN IDENTITY (SELF) AND MEMORY: THE MEMORY OF WATER BY SHELAGH STEPHENSON

Abstract

Bireysel hafıza, bireysel kimliğin gelişmesinde temel bir role sahiptir. Bireylerin mevcut bakış açıları, hisleri ve hedefleri, geçmiş benliklerini ve hatıralarını ele alış şekillerini etkiler. Bu nedenledir ki, insanların mevcut içgörüleri, kendi geçmişleri hakkında neler hatırladıkları ve daha önceki benlik ve hatıralarını nasıl değerlendirdiklerinden etkilenirler. İnsanların geçmiş hatıraları ile ilgili değerlendirmelerinin yeniden inşası, hatıralarının yeniden değerlendirilmesi, bazı geçmiş deneyimlerden açıkça kaçmaya çalışmaları ve hatıralarına bakış açıları, geçmişin şimdiki durum ve kimlikleri nasıl etkilediğine dair bize öngörülerde bulunur. Bu çalışmada, Shelagh Stephenson’ın 1996 yılında yazılan oyunu The Memory of Water’da, annelerinin defin işlemleri için İngiltere’nin kuzeyinde Yorkshire’da yıllar sona bir araya gelen üç kız kardeş aracılığıyla hafıza ve kimlik arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiyi incelemeye odaklanacağız. Kız kardeşlerin hikâyenin başlarındaki vurdumduymazlık hallerinden annelerinin yasını tutmaya başlamalarına kadar geçen süreçte, anılarının güvenilirlikleri konusunda verdikleri mücadele ile geçmişlerini, anılarını ve mevcut kimliklerini nasıl sorguladıklarını ve bunun mevcut benliklerini nasıl etkilediğini inceleyeceğiz.

Keywords

• The Memory of Water,Shelagh Stephenson,identity,memory

THE RELATION BETWEEN IDENTITY (SELF) AND MEMORY: THE MEMORY OF WATER BY SHELAGH STEPHENSON

Abstract

Individual memory assumes a fundamental part in the improvement of individual identity. Individuals' available points of view about themselves, feelings, and goals affect their recollections and evaluations of past selves. Thus, people's existing points of views about themselves are influenced by what they recall about their own past, and how they evaluate earlier selves and scenes. People's reproduced evaluations of memories, their obvious detachment from past experiences, and the point of view of their recollections have proposals for how the past impacts the present. In this study we will focus on the verification of the reciprocal relation between memory and identity in Shelagh Stephenson’s play The Memory of Water (1996) through three sisters who come together for their mother’s funeral service in the north of England.  The sisters’ path toward mourning brings their past into question as memories strive for authenticity and the internal facts of their different lives affecting their current identities will be uncovered.. 

Keywords

• The Memory of Water,identity,memory,Shelagh Stephenson,burial ceremony

References

1. Abramovich, D. (2002). Post-Holocaust Identity and Unresolved Tension in Modern-day Israel:Savyon Liebrecht’s Apples from the Desert. Women in Judaism, 3(1), 1-13. Retrieved from Women in Judaism: A multidisiciplinary Journal: http://www.utoronto.ca/wjudaism/journal/spring2002/abramovich.html
2. Adler, A. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.
3. Alea, N., & Bluck, S. (2003). Why are you telling me that? A conceptual model of the social function of autobiographical memory. Memory(11(2)), 165-178.
4. Baddeley, A. D. (1999). Essentials of Human Memory. East Sussex: Psychology Press Ltd.
5. BBC. (2005, 05 29). The Memory of Water by Shelagh Stephenson. Retrieved from BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/oxford/content/articles/2005/09/13/memory_of_water.shtml
6. Beike, D. R., Lampinen, J. M., & Douglas, A. (2004). Evolving Conceptions of the Self and Memory. In D. Beike, J. Lampinen, & D. Behrend, The Self and Memory (pp. 3-10). New York, Hove: Pyschology Press.
7. Bruner, J. (1994). The remembering self: Construction and accuracy in the selfnarrative. In U. Neisser, & R. Fivush (Eds.), The “remembered” self (pp. 41–54).Chalmers, R. (2017, 12 17). The Memory of Water. Retrieved from Blueprint: https://blueprintzine.com/2017/12/17/the-memory-of-water/
8. Cohen, G., & Conway, M. (Eds.). (2008). Memory in the Real World. New York: Psychology Press.

9. Conway, M. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language(53), 594-628.
10. Conway, M. (2005). Memory and the Self. Journal of Memory and Language,(53 (4)), 594-628.
11. Conway, M. A. (1990). Autobiographical memory: An introduction. . Milton Keynes: : Open University Press.
12. Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self memory system. Psychological Review 107 , 261-288.
13. Ernst, E. (2015, 3 12). There is no scientific case for homeopathy: the debate is over. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/mar/12/no-scientific-case-homeopathy-remedies-pharmacists-placebos
14. Freeman, M. (1993). Rewriting the Self: History, Memory, Narrative. London: Routledge.
15. Greenwald, A. G. (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal. American Psychologist(35), 603-618.
16. Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. (1989). The self as a memory system: Powerful, but ordinary. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology(57), 41-54.
17. Hall, J. (1994). Illustrated Dictionary of Symbols in Eastern and Western Art. Colorado: Westview Press.
18. Hershoff, A. (1999). Homeopathic Remedies. New York: Avery a member of Penguin Putnam Inc.
19. Hirst, W. (1994). The remembered self in amnesiacs. In U. Neisser, & R. Fivush (Eds.), The remembering self: Construction and accuracy in the self-narrative (pp. 252-277). New York: Cambridge University Press.
20. Holstein, J. A. (2000). The Self We Live By: Narrative Identity in a Postmodern World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
21. Hyman Jr., I. E., & Neisser, U. (1992). The role of the self in recollections of a Seminar. Narrative Inquiry (27), 81-103.
22. James, W. (1890). Principles of Psychology. New York: Holt.
23. Kihlstrom, J. F. (1997). Consciousness and me-ness. In J. Cohen, & J. Schooler (Eds.), Scientific approaches to consciousness (pp. 451– 468 ). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
24. King, N. (2000). Memory, Narrative, Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
25. Klein, S., & Kihlstrom, J. (1986). Elaboration, organization, and the self-reference effect in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General,(115), 26-38.
26. Kuiper, N., & Rogers, T. (1979). Encoding of personal information: Self-other differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 499-514.
27. LaPadula, B. (2012). Memory and Identity Formation: A Cognitive Construction of the Self in The Wanderer. Hortulus Volume, 8(1).
28. Lockie, A. (2006). Encyclopedia of Homeopathy. London: DK.
29. Murray, S., Holmes, J., Dolderman, D., & Griffin, D. (2000). What the motivated mind sees: Comparing friends' perspectives to married partners' views of each other. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology(36), 600-620.
30. Neisser, U. (1988). Five kinds of self-knowledge. Philosophical Psychology(1), 35-59.
31. Oakes, M., & Hyman , I. (2001). The Role of the Self in False Memory Creation. Journal of Aggression,Maltreatment & Trauma, 87-103.
32. Pasupathi, M. (2003). Emotional regulation during social remembering: Differences between emotional elicited during an event and emotions elicited when talking about it. Memory(11), 151-163.
33. Pillemer, D. (2003). Directive functions of autobiographical memory: TheGuiding power of the specific episode. Memory(11(2)), 193–202.
34. Rosenwald, G., & Ochberg, R. (Eds.). (1992). Storied Lives: The Cultural Politics of Self Understanding. Yale: Yale University Press.
35. Rubin, D. C. (Ed.). (1986). Autobiographical memory. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
36. Sheridan, K. (2017, 12 18). Tech & Science. Retrieved from Newsweek: https://www.newsweek.com/what-homeopathy-fda-may-crack-down-potentially-dangerous-products-751499
37. Spence, D. P. (1982). Narrative truth and historical truth: Meaning and interpretation in psychoanalysis. New York: Norton.
38. Stephenson, S. (2013). The Memory Of Water. In S. Stephenson, Plays: 1 (pp. 1-96). London: Bloomsbury.
39. Sutton, J. (1998). Philosophy and Memory Traces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40. Travers, A. (2017, 06 23). Review: ‘The Memory of Water’ at Thunder River Theatre. Post Independent. Retrieved from https://www.postindependent.com/news/entertainment/review-the-memory-of-water-at-thunder-river-theatre/
41. Whitehead, A. (2009). Memory. New York: Routledge.
42. Wilson, A., & Ross, M. (2003). The identity function of autobiographical memory: Time is on our side. Memory(11/2), 137-149.
43. Wittman, J. (2013, 05 16). The Memory of Water's plot and problems are never quite real...or original. Retrieved from Westword: https://www.westword.com/arts/free-and-cheap-things-to-do-in-denver-august-23-to-26-2018-10692529