Öz
While
party systems were classified as one-party, two-party and multi-party systems
in the process of emergence of the literature, the subsequent studies have
elaborated and extended this classification. Although a considerable amount of
research has been devised to examine Turkey’s party system, no research devoted
to analyzing the 1960-1980 period was detected. So this paper aims to
reconsider Turkey’s party system in the period of 1960-1980. In order to
achieve this aim, firstly, criteria for classifying party systems were
identified by literature review. Subsequently, the data set was established by
searching the followings: elections held in Turkey between aforementioned
period, the parties represented in the assembly, percentage of vote and
percentage of seats. The analysis of data revealed that none of the existing
classifications is adequate to explain Turkey’s party system in the 1960-1980
period. Thus, in this paper, a new category named “pre-dominant two-party
system” was established, and the
parameters of this category were defined.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Political Party Party System Pre-dominant Two-Party System Electoral System Turkey’s party system
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, F. (1996), Demokrasi Sürecinde Türkiye, (Çev. A. Fethi), 2. Baskı, Hil Yayınları, İstanbul Blondel, J. (1968), Party Systems and Patterns of Government in Western Democracies. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1(2), 180-203Çavdar, T. (2013), Türkiye’nin Demokrasi Tarihi: 1950’den Günümüze, 5. Baskı, İmge, Ankara Daalder, H. (1966), Parties, Elites, and Political Developments in WesternEurope. Political Parties and Political Development, (Eds in J.La Palombara and M.Weiner), Princeton University Press, Princeton, s. 43–77Dunleavy, P., Françoise, B. (2003), Constructing the Number of Parties, Party Politics, 9(3), s. 291-315Duverger, M. (1970), Siyasi Partiler, (Çev. E. Özbudun), Bilgi Yayınları, İstanbulErtunç, A. C. (2005), Cumhuriyetin Tarihi. 3 baskı, Pınar Yayınları, İstanbulGolosov, G. (2010), Party System Classification: A Methodological Inquiry. Party Politics, 17(5), s. 539-560Huntington: (1991), The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, University of OklahomaKesselman, M. (1966), French Local Politics: A Statistical Examination of Grass Roots Consensus. American Political Science Review, 60(4), s. 963-973Laakso, M., Taagepera, R. (1979), “Effective Number of Parties. A Measure with Application to West Europe”, Comparative Political Studies, 12(1), s. 3-27Lipset:M. and Rokkan: (1967), Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-nationalPerspectives, Free Press, New YorkMair, P. (1997), Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations. Oxford University Press, New York Michel, R. (1915), Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. (Almancadan İngilizceye Çev. Eden & Cedar Paul), Hearst’s International Library Co., New York Ostrogorski, M. (1902), Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties. (Fransızcadan İngilizceye Çev. Frederick Clarke). Macmillan, LondonÖzdemir, H. (2005), Siyasal Tarih (1960-1980), Türkiye Tarihi 4. (Ed. S. Akşin), 8. Baskı. İstanbul: Cem, 227-296Özbudun, E. (1995), Seçim Sistemleri ve Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(1), s. 521-539Özbudun, E. (2011), Türkiye’de Parti ve Seçim Sistemi, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul Özbudun, E. (1964), M. Duverger’in Siyasi Partiler’i ve Siyasi Partilerin İncelenmesinde Bazı Metodolojik Sorunlar, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1-4), s. 23-51Rae, D. W. and Taylor, M. (1970), The Analysis of Political Cleavages. Yale University Press.New, Haven Conn Sartori, G. (1976). Parties and Party Systems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Siarroff, A. (2000), Comparative European Party Systems: An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections since 1945. Garland, New YorkSiarroff, A. (2003), Two and a Half Party Systems and the Comparative Role of the Half. Party Politics, 9(3), s. 267-290Ware, A. (1996), Political Parties and Party Systems, Oxford University, New YorkWildgen, J. (1971), The Measurement of Hyperfractionalization, Comparative Political Studies, 4(2), s. 233-243
Öz
Parti sistemleri literatürün ortaya
çıkış döneminde kabaca tek partili, iki partili ve çok partili olarak
ayrılmakla birlikte sonraki çalışmalar bu tasnifleri detaylandırmış ve
genişletmiştir. Geliştirilmiş olan tasniflerle Türkiye’nin parti sistemini
inceleyen çeşitli çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte 1960-1980 dönemi özel olarak
çalışılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’nin 1960-1980 dönemindeki, parti
sistemini araştırmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için öncelikle mevcut literatürden
hareketle parti sistemlerinin tasnif ölçütleri ortaya konulmuştur. Ardından
Türkiye’de belirtilen dönemde gerçekleşen seçimler, bu seçimlerde meclise giren
partiler, partilerin elde ettikleri oy oranları ve sandalye oranları verileri
toplanmıştır. Veriler analiz edildiğinde Türkiye’nin belirtilen dönemdeki parti
sisteminin mevcut sınıflamalara uymadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunun üzerine “hakim iki parti” ismiyle yeni bir tasnif
gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu tasnifin sayısal ve ilkesel parametreleri
belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasi parti Parti Sistemi Hâkim iki parti sistemi Seçim sistemi Türkiye’de parti sistemi
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, F. (1996), Demokrasi Sürecinde Türkiye, (Çev. A. Fethi), 2. Baskı, Hil Yayınları, İstanbul Blondel, J. (1968), Party Systems and Patterns of Government in Western Democracies. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1(2), 180-203Çavdar, T. (2013), Türkiye’nin Demokrasi Tarihi: 1950’den Günümüze, 5. Baskı, İmge, Ankara Daalder, H. (1966), Parties, Elites, and Political Developments in WesternEurope. Political Parties and Political Development, (Eds in J.La Palombara and M.Weiner), Princeton University Press, Princeton, s. 43–77Dunleavy, P., Françoise, B. (2003), Constructing the Number of Parties, Party Politics, 9(3), s. 291-315Duverger, M. (1970), Siyasi Partiler, (Çev. E. Özbudun), Bilgi Yayınları, İstanbulErtunç, A. C. (2005), Cumhuriyetin Tarihi. 3 baskı, Pınar Yayınları, İstanbulGolosov, G. (2010), Party System Classification: A Methodological Inquiry. Party Politics, 17(5), s. 539-560Huntington: (1991), The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, University of OklahomaKesselman, M. (1966), French Local Politics: A Statistical Examination of Grass Roots Consensus. American Political Science Review, 60(4), s. 963-973Laakso, M., Taagepera, R. (1979), “Effective Number of Parties. A Measure with Application to West Europe”, Comparative Political Studies, 12(1), s. 3-27Lipset:M. and Rokkan: (1967), Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-nationalPerspectives, Free Press, New YorkMair, P. (1997), Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations. Oxford University Press, New York Michel, R. (1915), Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. (Almancadan İngilizceye Çev. Eden & Cedar Paul), Hearst’s International Library Co., New York Ostrogorski, M. (1902), Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties. (Fransızcadan İngilizceye Çev. Frederick Clarke). Macmillan, LondonÖzdemir, H. (2005), Siyasal Tarih (1960-1980), Türkiye Tarihi 4. (Ed. S. Akşin), 8. Baskı. İstanbul: Cem, 227-296Özbudun, E. (1995), Seçim Sistemleri ve Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(1), s. 521-539Özbudun, E. (2011), Türkiye’de Parti ve Seçim Sistemi, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul Özbudun, E. (1964), M. Duverger’in Siyasi Partiler’i ve Siyasi Partilerin İncelenmesinde Bazı Metodolojik Sorunlar, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1-4), s. 23-51Rae, D. W. and Taylor, M. (1970), The Analysis of Political Cleavages. Yale University Press.New, Haven Conn Sartori, G. (1976). Parties and Party Systems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Siarroff, A. (2000), Comparative European Party Systems: An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections since 1945. Garland, New YorkSiarroff, A. (2003), Two and a Half Party Systems and the Comparative Role of the Half. Party Politics, 9(3), s. 267-290Ware, A. (1996), Political Parties and Party Systems, Oxford University, New YorkWildgen, J. (1971), The Measurement of Hyperfractionalization, Comparative Political Studies, 4(2), s. 233-243
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Ekim 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 12 Aralık 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3 |
