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Sürdürülebilir Turizm Gerçekten Sürdürülebilir mi? Sürdürülebilir Turizme Yönelik Eleştirel Değerlendirmeler

Year 2019, 2019 Additional Number, 211 - 220, 27.10.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir turizm olgusuna yönelik eleştirileri ortaya
koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle, literatür taraması
gerçekleştirilmiş ve sürdürülebilir turizme yönelik eleştirileri içeren
çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Ardından, bu çalışmalarda ortaya konan temel eleştiri
noktaları sistematik literatür incelemesi yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve bu eleştiri
noktalarından hareketle sürdürülebilir turizmin temel eleştirel boyutları
ortaya konmuştur. Bu çerçevede, sürdürülebilir turizme yönelik eleştirilerin
beş ana boyut altında ele alınabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Bu boyutlar;
ikiyüzlülük, belirsizlik, yanılgı, teori-pratik uyumsuzluğu ve literatür
yetersizliğidir. Bu kapsamda, mevcut uygulamalardaki riyakârlıklar, kavramsal
ve anlamsal belirsizlikler, insanların odak noktasını farklı yönlere çeviren
yanılgılar, teorilerin pratiğe uyarlanamamasıyla oluşan uyumsuzluklar ve
literatürün eksik yönleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sürdürülebilirliğin sadece bir
pazarlama aracı olarak kullanılması, sürdürülecek şeyin ne olduğunun
muğlaklığı, endüstrinin sürdürülebilir söylemlerle hedef saptırması, teorilerin
bir türlü pratiğe geçmemesi ve araştırmaların sayısının hızla artmasına rağmen
incelenen konuların hep aynı kısır döngüye çıkması temel eleştiriler olmuştur. 

References

  • Buchsbaum, B. D. (2004). Ecotourism and sustainable development in Costa Rica. Unpublished master thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia.
  • Butcher, J. (2005). The moral authority of ecotourism: A critique. Current Issues in Tourism, 8(2-3), 114-124.
  • Caalders, J., Van Der Duim, R., Van Mispelaar, A., & Ritsma, N. (2003). Sustainale tourism chains: Connecting small-scale enterprises in Costa Rica to the Dutch tourism market. Bureau voor Economie & Omgeving BUITEN.
  • Garrod, B. & Fyall, A. (1998). Beyond the rhetoric of sustainable tourism?. Tourism Management, 19(3), 199-212.
  • Lansing, P. & De Vries, P. (2007). Sustainable tourism: Ethical alternative or marketing ploy?. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(1), 77-85.
  • Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459-475.
  • Lu, J. & Nepal, S. K. (2009). Sustainable tourism research: An analysis of papers published in the Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 5-16.
  • McKercher, B. (1993). Some fundamental truths about tourism: Understanding tourism’s social and economic impacts. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1(1), 6-16.
  • Mowforth, M. & Munt, I. (2003). Tourism and sustainability: Development and new tourism in the third World. New York: Routledge.
  • Robinson, J. (2004). Squaring the circle? Some thoughts on the idea of sustainable development. Ecological Economics, 48(4), 369-384.
  • Ruhanen, L., Weiler, B., Moyle, B. D., & McLennan, C. J. (2015). Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research: A 25-year bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 517-535.
  • Sarkım, M. (2007). Sürdürülebilir turizm kapsamında turistik ürün çeşitlendirme politikaları ve Antalya örneği. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Shapley, R. (2009). Tourism development and the environment: Beyond sustainablity. London: Cromwell Press Group.
  • Sharpley, R. (2010). The myth of sustainable tourism. CSD Working Papers Series 2009/2010, 4, 1-14.
  • Swarbrooke, J. (1999). Sustainable tourism management. UK: CABI Publishing.
  • Telfer, D.J. & Sharpley, R. (2008). Tourism and development in the developing World. London: Routledge.
  • Tosun, C. (2001). Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the developing world: The case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 22, 289-303.
  • Varnacı Uzun, F. (2012). Ihlara Vadisi kültürel peyzaj alanında sürdürülebilir turizm. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Wu, C-W. (2009). Sustainable development conceptual framework in tourism ındustry context in Taiwan: Resource based view. Conference of the International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 2 (1), 1-11.

Is Sustainable Tourism Really Sustainable?: Critical Evaluations Towards Sustainable Tourism

Year 2019, 2019 Additional Number, 211 - 220, 27.10.2019

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to reveal a
criticism about the phenomenon of sustainable tourism. In this context, by
reviewing the existing literature, the studies conducted on sustainable tourism
criticisms were collected. Then, the criticism points revealed in these studies
were determined with the method of systematical literature review, and based on
these criticism points the main criticism dimensions of sustainable tourism
were identified. In this context, it has been understood that there are five
dimensions regarding to sustainable tourism criticisms. These dimensions are
hypocrisy, vagueness/ambiguity, delusions, theory-practice inconsistency and
inadequacy of literature. In this context, the hypocrisies in current practice,
conceptual and semantic ambiguities, the delusions that shift people's focus in
different directions, the inconsistencies that arise from the inability of the
theories to adapt to practice and the missing aspects of the literature have
been evaluated. Using sustainability only as a marketing tool, ambiguity of
what is to be sustained, industry's misdirecting with sustainable discourses,
theories that do not turn into practice, and vicious circles in examined themes
despite the growth in number of studies were identified as main criticisms

References

  • Buchsbaum, B. D. (2004). Ecotourism and sustainable development in Costa Rica. Unpublished master thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia.
  • Butcher, J. (2005). The moral authority of ecotourism: A critique. Current Issues in Tourism, 8(2-3), 114-124.
  • Caalders, J., Van Der Duim, R., Van Mispelaar, A., & Ritsma, N. (2003). Sustainale tourism chains: Connecting small-scale enterprises in Costa Rica to the Dutch tourism market. Bureau voor Economie & Omgeving BUITEN.
  • Garrod, B. & Fyall, A. (1998). Beyond the rhetoric of sustainable tourism?. Tourism Management, 19(3), 199-212.
  • Lansing, P. & De Vries, P. (2007). Sustainable tourism: Ethical alternative or marketing ploy?. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(1), 77-85.
  • Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459-475.
  • Lu, J. & Nepal, S. K. (2009). Sustainable tourism research: An analysis of papers published in the Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 5-16.
  • McKercher, B. (1993). Some fundamental truths about tourism: Understanding tourism’s social and economic impacts. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1(1), 6-16.
  • Mowforth, M. & Munt, I. (2003). Tourism and sustainability: Development and new tourism in the third World. New York: Routledge.
  • Robinson, J. (2004). Squaring the circle? Some thoughts on the idea of sustainable development. Ecological Economics, 48(4), 369-384.
  • Ruhanen, L., Weiler, B., Moyle, B. D., & McLennan, C. J. (2015). Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research: A 25-year bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 517-535.
  • Sarkım, M. (2007). Sürdürülebilir turizm kapsamında turistik ürün çeşitlendirme politikaları ve Antalya örneği. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Shapley, R. (2009). Tourism development and the environment: Beyond sustainablity. London: Cromwell Press Group.
  • Sharpley, R. (2010). The myth of sustainable tourism. CSD Working Papers Series 2009/2010, 4, 1-14.
  • Swarbrooke, J. (1999). Sustainable tourism management. UK: CABI Publishing.
  • Telfer, D.J. & Sharpley, R. (2008). Tourism and development in the developing World. London: Routledge.
  • Tosun, C. (2001). Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the developing world: The case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 22, 289-303.
  • Varnacı Uzun, F. (2012). Ihlara Vadisi kültürel peyzaj alanında sürdürülebilir turizm. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Wu, C-W. (2009). Sustainable development conceptual framework in tourism ındustry context in Taiwan: Resource based view. Conference of the International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 2 (1), 1-11.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Savaş Evren 0000-0003-4558-9720

Emine Şimşek Evren 0000-0002-9531-5261

Celil Çakıcı 0000-0002-9192-1969

Onur Çakır This is me

Publication Date October 27, 2019
Submission Date September 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 2019 Additional Number

Cite

APA Evren, S., Şimşek Evren, E., Çakıcı, C., Çakır, O. (2019). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Gerçekten Sürdürülebilir mi? Sürdürülebilir Turizme Yönelik Eleştirel Değerlendirmeler. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10, 211-220. https://doi.org/10.36362/gumus.614328