1988-2020 Yılları Arasındaki Web of Science (WoS) Veri Tabanındaki Küresel Kış Turizmi Araştırmalarının İncelenmesi: Bibliyometrik ve Görselleştirme Analizi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 248 - 265, 29.05.2021

Ümit Gaberli Yenal Yağmur

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, sosyal bilimlerde kış turizmi araştırmalarının geriye dönük doğasını ortaya çıkarmak, küresel eğilimleri çok yönlü bir şekilde belirlemek ve gelecekte araştırmalar için potansiyel bir rehber olmasıdır. VOSviewer programı ile 1988 ve 2020 yılları arasında Web of Science (WOS) veri tabanındaki kış turizmi üzerine yapılan 278 çalışma bibliyometrik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre kış turizmi konusunda en üretken ülkelerin sırasıyla Avusturya, ABD ve Norveç olduğu ve Avrupa’nın bu konuda lider bölge olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca iklim değişikliği en çok tekrarlanan anahtar kelime olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma teorik bağlamda bibliyometrik yapıda olması nedeniyle araştırmacılar için sistematik bilgi sağlarken yönetimsel bağlamda küresel ısınmanın sadece araştırmacılar için değil aynı zaman da yerel yönetimler ve destinasyon politika yapıcıları için endişe kaynağı olması gerektiği şeklinde çıkarımlara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma, yalnızca WOS veri tabanından 1988 ve 2020 yılları arasında Sosyal Bilimler alanında kış turizmi çalışmaları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın araştırmacılar, yerel yönetimler, destinasyon politika yapıcıları ve otel yöneticilere önemli katkılar vereceği düşülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kış turizmi, Scientometrics, Bibliyometrik Analiz, Vosviewer, Görselleştirme

A Review of Global Winter Tourism Research in the Web of Science (WoS) Database between 1988-2020: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis

Öz

The purpose of the study is to reveal the retrospective nature of winter tourism investigations in social sciences, determine global trends sophisticatedly, and become a potential guide for future researches. With the VOSviewer program, 278 studies on winter tourism in the Web of Science (WOS) database between 1988 and 2020 were analyzed bibliometrically. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the most productive countries in winter tourism are Austria, the USA, and Norway respectively and Europe is the leading region in this area. Likewise, it was also concluded that the most co-occurrence keyword is climate change. While the research provides systematic information for researchers due to its bibliometric structure in a theoretical context, it has been concluded that global warming should be a concern not only for researchers but also for local governments and destination policy makers. The paper is limited only to winter tourism studies in the field of Social Sciences between 1988 and 2020 from the WOS database. It is thought that the research will make significant contributions to researchers, local governments, destination policy makers and hotel managers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Winter Tourism, Scientometrics, Bibliometric Analysis, Vosviewer, Visualization

Kaynakça

• Ahas, R., Aasa, A., Mark, U., Pae, T., and Kull, A. (2007). Seasonal tourism spaces in Estonia: Case study with mobile positioning data. Tourism Management, 28(3), 898-910.
• Andersen, O., Øian, H., Aas, Ø., and Tangeland, T. (2018). Affective and cognitive dimensions of ski destination images. The case of Norway and the Lillehammer region. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(2), 113-131.
• Bank, M., and Wiesner, R. (2011). Determinants of weather derivatives usage in the Austrian winter tourism industry. Tourism Management, 32(1), 62-68.
• Breiling, M., Charamza: and Skage, O. (1997). Klimasensibilität Österreichischer Bezirke mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Wintertourismus. Report, 97 (1), Alnarp, Austria: Institute
• Burki, R., Elsasser, H., and Abegg, B. (2003). Climate change and winter sports: environmental and economic threats. 5th World Conference on Sport and Environment, Turin 2-3 December (IOC/UNEP).
• Buyukipekci, S., Seyda, Sarı and Senel, G. (2019). Winter tourism as a sample of touristic product diversification and the situation of the Bursa-Uludag region in Turkey with regard to culture tourism. ÇATALHÖYÜK International Journal of Tourism and Social Research, 2019(4).
• Carson, D. A., Carson, D. B., and Eimermann, M. (2017). International winter tourism entrepreneurs in northern Sweden: understanding migration, lifestyle, and business motivations. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(2), 183-198.
• China Highlights, 2020. “China Winter Travel Guide (Places to Go, Activities, Suggestions)” https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/winter-travel-guide/ (Date accessed: 21.06.2020).
• Dornier, R., and Mauri, C. (2018a). Conclusions: Managing tourism sustainability in mountain destinations. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 10(2), 267-273
• Dornier, R., and Mauri, C. (2018b). Overview: tourism sustainability in the Alpine region: the major trends and challenges. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 10(2), 136-139.
• Elsasser, H. and Bürki, R. (2002). Climate change as a threat to tourism in the Alps. Climate Research, 20(3), 253-257.
• Evren, S., and Kozak, N. (2018). Competitive positioning of winter tourism destinations: A comparative analysis of demand and supply sides perspectives–cases from Turkey. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 9, 247-257.
• Falk, M., and Lin, X. (2018). Sensitivity of winter tourism to temperature increases over the last decades. Economic Modelling, 71, 174-183.
• Falk, M., and Vieru, M. (2019). International tourism demand to Finnish Lapland in the early winter season. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(11), 1312-1326.
• Flagestad, A., and Hope, C. A. (2001). Strategic success in winter sports destinations: a sustainable value creation perspective. Tourism Management, 22(5), 445-461.
• Fry, J. (2017). The story of modern skiing. University Press of New England.
• Fukushima, T., Kureha, M., Ozaki, N., Fujimori, Y., and Harasawa, H. (2002). Influences of air temperature change on leisure industries–case study on ski activities–. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 7(2), 173-189.
• Gajdiosikova, Z., Gajdošík, T., and Kučerová, J. (2019). Slovak winter tourism destinations: future playground for tourists in the Carpathians. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 25(1), 1-18.
• Groß, R. (2017). Uphill and downhill histories. How winter tourism transformed Alpine regions in Vorarlberg, Austria–1930 to 1970. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft, 9(1), 115-139.
• Guo, L., Xu, F., Feng, Z., and Zhang, G. (2016). A bibliometric analysis of oyster research from 1991 to 2014. Aquaculture International, 24(1), 327-344.
• Gursoy, D., and Kendall, K. W. (2006). Hosting mega-events: Modeling locals’ support. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 603-623.
• Gustafson: (2002). Tourism and seasonal retirement migration. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4), 899-918.
• Gyimothy, S., and Mykletun, R. J. (2004). Play in adventure tourism: The case of Arctic trekking. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 855-878.
• Hennessy, K., Whetton, P., Smith, I., Bathols, J., Hutchinson, M., and Sharples, J. (2003). The impact of climate change on snow conditions in mainland Australia. Aspendale: CSIRO.
• Hoffmann, V. H., Sprengel, D. C., Ziegler, A., Kolb, M., and Abegg, B. (2009). Determinants of corporate adaptation to climate change in winter tourism: An econometric analysis. Global Environmental Change, 19(2), 256-264.
• Ilban, M. O. ve Kaslı, M. (2008). Kış Turizmi. N. Hacıoğlu ve C. Avcıkurt (Ed.), Turistik ürün çeşitlendirmesi, Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık, 319-342.
• Jeong, Y., and Kim, S. K. (2019). The key antecedent and consequences of destination image in a mega sporting event. South African Journal of Business Management, 50(1), 11.
• Jones, B., and Scott, D. (2006). Climate Change, Seasonality and Visitation to Canada’s National Parks. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 24(2).
• Kajan, E., and Saarinen, J. (2013). Tourism, climate change and adaptation: A review. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(2), 167-195.
• Kim, S. S., Agrusa, J., Lee, H., and Chon, K. (2007). Effects of Korean television dramas on the flow of Japanese tourists. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1340-1353.
• Kim, Y., Kim, J., Cho, S., and Yim, K. (2019). The impact of mega sporting events on host country’s destination images: The cases of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and 2015 Beijing IAAF World Championships. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 28(3), 148-164.
• Koşan, A. (2013). Kış Sporları Turizmi-Kayak Turistlerinin Kış Turizm MerkezleriniAlgı ve Değerlendirmelerine Ait Bir Araştırma (Palandöken'de Bir Uygulama). Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 17(2), 293-324.
• Landauer, M., Goodsite, M. E., and Juhola, S. (2018). Nordic national climate adaptation and tourism strategies–(how) are they interlinked? Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(1), 75-86.
• Lee, C. I., Felps, W., and Baruch, Y. (2014). Toward a taxonomy of career studies through bibliometric visualization. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 339-351.
• Li, T., Ho, Y. S., and Li, C. Y. (2008). Bibliometric analysis on global Parkinson’s disease research trends during 1991–2006. Neuroscience Letters, 441(3), 248-252.
• Liu, X., Zhang, L., and Hong, S. (2011). Global biodiversity research during 1900–2009: A bibliometric analysis. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20(4), 807-826.
• Moen, J., and Fredman: (2007). Effects of climate change on alpine skiing in Sweden. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(4), 418-437.
• Müller, M. (2015). What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 627-642.
• Olympic (2020). https://www.olympic.org/winter-games (Date accessed: 19.10.2020).
• Orr, M., and Inoue, Y. (2019). Sport versus climate: Introducing the climate vulnerability of sport organizations framework. Sport Management Review, 22(4), 452-463.
• Outdoor Industry Association. (2017). the outdoor recreation economy. outdoorindustry.org (Date accessed: 19.02.2020).
• Paget, E., Dimanche, F., and Mounet, J. P. (2010). A tourism innovation case: An actor-network approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 828-847.
• Perianes-Rodriguez, A., Waltman, L., and Van Eck, N. J. (2016). Constructing bibliometric networks: A comparison between full and fractional counting. Journal of Informetrics, 10(4), 1178-1195.
• Polyu, 2020. “The Hong Kong Polytechnic University” https://www.polyu.edu.hk/ (Date accessed: 21.06.2020).
• Rech, Y., Paget, E., and Dimanche, F. (2019). Uncertain tourism: Evolution of a French winter sports resort and network dynamics. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 12, 95-104.
• Sainaghi, R. (2008). Strategic positioning and performance of winter destinations. Tourism Review, 63(4), 40-57.
• Schrot, O. G., Christensen, J. H., and Formayer, H. (2019). Greenland winter tourism in a changing climate. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 27, 100224.
• Scott, D., Dawson, J., and Jones, B. (2008). Climate change vulnerability of the US Northeast winter recreation–tourism sector. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 13(5-6), 577-596.
• Scott, D., McBoyle, G., and Schwartzentruber, M. (2004). Climate change and the distribution of climatic resources for tourism in North America. Climate Research, 27(2), 105-117.
• Scott, D., McBoyle, G., Minogue, A., and Mills, B. (2006). Climate change and the sustainability of ski-based tourism in eastern North America: A reassessment. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(4), 376-398.
• Scott, D., Steiger, R., Rutty, M., and Fang, Y. (2019). The changing geography of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in a warmer world. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(11), 1301-1311.
• Shi, J. G., Miao, W., and Si, H. (2019). Visualization and analysis of mapping knowledge domain of urban vitality research. Sustainability, 11(4), 988.
• Simpson: M., and Siguaw, J. A. (2008). Destination word of mouth: The role of traveler type, residents, and identity salience. Journal of Travel Research, 47(2), 167-182.
• Sinkovics, N. (2016). Enhancing the foundations for theorising through bibliometric mapping. International Marketing Review, 33(3), 327-350.
• Steiger, R., and Scott, D. (2020). Ski tourism in a warmer world: Increased adaptation and regional economic impacts in Austria. Tourism Management, 77, 104032.
• Steiger, R., Scott, D., Abegg, B., Pons, M., and Aall, C. (2019). A critical review of climate change risk for ski tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(11), 1343-1379.
• Sucharew, H., and Macaluso, M. (2019). Methods for Research Evidence Synthesis: The Scoping Review Approach. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 14(7), 416-418.
• Töglhofer, C., Eigner, F., and Prettenthaler, F. (2011). Impacts of snow conditions on tourism demand in Austrian ski areas. Climate Research, 46(1), 1-14.
• Tokgozlu, A., Temurçin, K., and Uysal, K. (2012). Winter tourism of Davraz mountain. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica, 3, 58-69.
• Van Eck, N. J., Waltman, L., Dekker, R., and van den Berg, J. (2010). A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(12), 2405-2416.
• Waltman, L., Van Eck, N. J., and Noyons, E. C. (2010). A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4(4), 629-635.
• Wang, H., Liu, M., Hong, S., and Zhuang, Y. (2013). A historical review and bibliometric analysis of GPS research from 1991–2010. Scientometrics, 95(1), 35-44.
• Wikipedia (2020). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games (Date accessed: 19.10.2020).
• Witting, M., and Schmude, J. (2019). Impacts of climate and demographic change on future skier demand and its economic consequences–Evidence from a ski resort in the German Alps. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 26, 50-60.
• Wolfsegger, C., Gössling, S., and Scott, D. (2008). Climate change risk appraisal in the Austrian ski industry. Tourism Review International, 12(1), 13-23.
• Yang, H., Song, W., and Moon, J. (2019). Mega-events and conflict: the case of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 20(5), 552-571.