Artik Isınıyor: Yeşil Dönüşüm, Kritik Mineraller ve Enerji kaynakları, Yeni Deniz Rotaları ve Jeopolitik Rekabet

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 1171 - 1186, 29.09.2025

Cemal Kakışım

Abstract

Küresel ısınmaya bağlı iklim değişikliği, Kuzey Kutbunun (Arktik) maden, mineral ve fosil enerji kaynaklarına erişimi mümkün kılmakta ve alternatif deniz rotalarını giderek daha fazla kullanılabilir hale getirmektedir. Arktik, özellikle nadir toprak elementleri, kritik mineral rezervleri, rüzgar ve güneş gibi yenilenebilir enerji potansiyeli ile küresel yeşil enerji dönüşümü bakımından bir arz merkezine dönüşmektedir. Arktik’teki coğrafi değişim yeşil dönüşüm, enerji, deniz ulaştırma ve bilimsel araştırmalar bakımında yeni fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Yeşil enerji dönüşümü, yenilenebilir enerji altyapısı ve ulaşımda elektrifikasyon bakımından oldukça elzem olan kritik mineraller ve nadir toprak elementleri, Çin, ABD ve AB’nin Arktik’e olan ilgisini perçinlemektedir. Bu bağlamda bölge, Ortadoğu gibi giderek yeni bir jeopolitik rekabet alanına dönüşmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, Arktik’teki coğrafi değişikliğin bölgenin doğal zenginlikleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve Arktik’in küresel yeşil enerji dönüşümü ve yeşil ekonomi girişimi özelinde önemini ele almaktır. Bu bağlamda Arktik’te uluslararası jeopolitik rekabet ve işbirliği değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

Arktik Bölge , Iklim Değişikliği , Yeşil Dönüşüm , Kritik Mineraller , Enerji Jeopolitiği

The Arctic is Warming: Green Transition, Critical Minerals and Energy Sources, New Maritime Routes and Geopolitical Competition

Abstract

Climate change is facilitating access to the mineral, mineral and fossil energy resources of the Arctic, while also rendering alternative sea routes increasingly viable. The Arctic is becoming a pivotal supply centre for the global green energy transition, particularly given its abundance of rare earth elements, critical mineral reserves and renewable energy potential, including wind and solar. Geographic change in the Arctic offers new opportunities for green transformation, energy, maritime transport and scientific research. Critical minerals and rare earth elements, which are essential for the green energy transition, renewable energy infrastructure and electrification of transport, reinforce the interest of China, the US and the EU in the Arctic. In this context, the region, like the Middle East, is turning into a new energy-focused geopolitical competition area. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the geographical change in the Arctic on the natural wealth of the region and to address the importance of the Arctic in the global green energy transition and green economy initiative. In this context, the international geopolitical competition and cooperation situation in the Arctic will be evaluated.

Keywords

Arctic , Climate Change , Green Transition , Critical Minerals , Energy Geopolitics

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