Investigation of the X-ray fluorescence parameters and valance electronic structure for Ni in Ni-B/hBN coating materials with doped TMAB and saccharine
Year 2022,
, 89 - 97, 30.09.2022
Oğuz Kağan Köksal
,
İsmail Hakkı Karahan
Abstract
In this investigation, K shell valance electronic structure of Ni in Ni-B alloy coatings were studied by means of collecting the X-ray emission and XRD spectra. The data obtained were evaluated in terms of the K beta/K alpha X-ray intensity ratios and XRD data. The coated alloys were fabricated with using different concentrations of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for this study by electrochemical storage method. Besides saccharine and trimethylamine borane complex (TMAB) were added the current samples at constant concentration. The current specimens were excited by 59.5 keV photons from a 241Am annular radioactive source. K shell X-rays emitted by the specimens were detected by means of an Ultra-LEGe detector with a resolution of 150 eV at 5.9 keV. The K shell X-ray intensity ratios of Ni-B alloys are checked with pure Ni. Variations in the current outcomes were interpreted by the variation in valence electronic structures of Ni in Ni-B/hBN coating materials with doped TMAB and saccharine.
References
- Alım, B., Han, İ., & Demir, L. (2016). Effect of external magnetic field on valence-electron structures of Fe and Ni in Invar, Permalloy and the other Fe–Ni alloys by using Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 112, 5-12.
- Bahramian, A., Eyraud, M., Vacandio, F., & Knauth, P. (2018). Improving the corrosion properties of amorphous Ni-P thin films using different additives. Surface and Coatings Technology, 345, 40-52.
- Brunner, G., Nagel, M., Hartmann, E., & Arndt, E. (1982). Chemical sensitivity of the Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratio for 3d elements. Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, 15(24), 4517.
- Cengiz, E., Köksal, O. K., Apaydın, G., Karahan, İ. H., & Ünal, E. (2019). Determination of valence electronic structure of Ni in Ni-B alloy coatings using Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 144, 24-28.
- Chang, C.-R., Hou, K.-H., Ger, M.-D., & Wang, J.-R. (2017). Characteristics of nickel boron coatings prepared by direct current electrodeposition technique. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 12, 2055-2069.
- Garmay, A., Oskolok, K., & Monogarova, O. (2017). The use of the ratios of intensities of spectral lines for X-ray fluorescence analysis of metal alloys and oxide materials. Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin, 72(1), 49-55.
- Gójska, A. M., Kozioł, K., Miśta-Jakubowska, E. A., & Diduszko, R. (2020). Determination of the Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of silver in Ag-Cu alloys. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 468, 65-70.
- Ignatova, K. N., & Marcheva, Y. S. (2016). Effect of saccharine on the properties of Ni-Co alloy coatings deposited in citrate electrolytes. Paper presented at the 2016 XXV International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET).
- Ikram, M., Hassan, J., Imran, M., Haider, J., Ul-Hamid, A., Shahzadi, I., . . . Ali, S. (2020). 2D chemically exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheets doped with Ni: synthesis, properties and catalytic application for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Applied Nanoscience, 10, 3525-3528.
- Matsui, I., Li, M., & Omura, N. (2017). Fabricating Bulk Nanocrystalline Ni–W–B Alloys by Electrodeposition. Materials Transactions, 58(7), 1038-1041.
- Matsui, I., Omura, N., Yamamoto, T., & Takigawa, Y. (2018). Electrodeposition with intermittent addition of trimethylamine borane to produce ductile bulk nanocrystalline Ni–B alloys. Surface and Coatings Technology, 337, 411-417.
- Mirak, M., & Akbari, A. (2018). Microstructural characterization of electrodeposited and heat-treated Ni-B coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 349, 442-451.
- Ogihara, H., Udagawa, K., & Saji, T. (2012). Effect of boron content and crystalline structure on hardness in electrodeposited Ni–B alloy films. Surface and Coatings Technology, 206(11-12), 2933-2940.
- Onoda, M., Shimizu, K., Tateishi, Y., & Watanabe, T. (1999). Mechanism of boron codeposition in electrodeposited Ni-B alloy films and calculation of the amount of codeposited boron. Transactions of the IMF, 77(1), 44-48.
- Pawłowski, F., Polasik, M., Raj, S., Padhi, H., & Basa, D. (2002). Valence electronic structure of Ti, Cr, Fe and Co in some alloys from Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratio studies. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 195(3-4), 367-373.
- Perişanoğlu, U., & Demir, L. (2015). A study of K shell X-ray intensity ratios of NixCr1− x alloys in external magnetic field and determination of effective atomic numbers of these alloys. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 110, 119-125.
- Perişanoğlu, U., Kavaz, E., Urtekin, E., & Demir, L. (2020). Examining alloying effect on KX ray intensity ratios and chemical shifts of the Zn, Mn and mixed spinel ferrites. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 156, 108980.
- Polasik, M. (1998). Influence of changes in the valence electronic configuration on the K beta-to-K alpha x-ray intensity ratios of the 3d transition metals. Physical Review A, 58(3), 1840-1845.
- Sanyal, U., Davis, D. T., & Jagirdar, B. R. (2013). Bimetallic core–shell nanocomposites using weak reducing agent and their transformation to alloy nanostructures. Dalton Transactions, 42(19), 7147-7157.
- Sanyal, U., & Jagirdar, B. R. (2012). Metal and alloy nanoparticles by amine-borane reduction of metal salts by solid-phase synthesis: atom economy and green process. Inorganic Chemistry, 51(23), 13023-13033.
- SCOFIELD, J. H. (1974). Relativistic Hartree-Slater values for K and L X-ray emission rates. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 14, 121-137.
- Shakoor, R., Kahraman, R., Waware, U. S., Wang, Y., & Gao, W. (2014a). Synthesis and properties of electrodeposited Ni-B-Zn ternary alloy coatings. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 9, 5520.
- Shakoor, R., Kahraman, R., Waware, U. S., Wang, Y., & Gao, W. (2014b). Synthesis and properties of electrodeposited Ni–B–CeO2 composite coatings. Materials & Design, 59, 421-429.
- Sheu, H.-H., Wang, Q.-Y., Huang, P.-C., Cheng, A.-Y., Liu, Y.-M., Hou, K.-H., & Ger, M.-D. (2021). Effect of Trimethylamine Borane (TMAB) on the Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Based Composite Coatings. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 16(4).
- Siegel, G., Gryzbowcki, G., Hilton, A., Muratore, C., & Snure, M. (2019). Growth of Multi-Layer hBN on Ni (111) Substrates via MOCVD. Crystals, 9(7), 339.
- Smid, I., Segall, A., Walia, P., Aggarwal, G., Eden, T., & Potter, J. (2012). Cold-sprayed Ni-hBN self-lubricating coatings. Tribology transactions, 55(5), 599-605.
- Tozar, A. (2020). Investigating the hexadecylamine as a new nonionic surfactant candidate for electrodeposition of wear-resistant metal-matrix composites. Surface engineering, 36(9), 990-999.
- Tyagi, R., Xiong, D. S., Li, J., & Dai, J. (2010). Elevated temperature tribological behavior of Ni based composites containing nano-silver and hBN. Wear, 269(11-12), 884-890.
- Uğurlu, M., Alım, B., & Demir, L. (2019). The relationship between the external magnetic field and K X-ray intensity ratios of immiscible MoxAg1-x alloys. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 165, 108396.
- Uğurlu, M., Alım, B., Han, I., & Demir, L. (2017). Delocalization and charge transfer studies of PERMENDUR49, KOVAR and Ti50Co50 alloys from relative K X-ray intensity ratios. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 695, 2619-2627.
- Uğurlu, M., & Demir, L. (2020). Relative K X-ray intensity ratios of the first and second transition elements in the magnetic field. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1203, 127458.
- Ünal, E., & Karahan, I. (2018a). Effects of ultrasonic agitation prior to deposition and additives in the bath on electrodeposited Ni-B/hBN composite coatings. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 763, 329-341.
- Ünal, E., & Karahan, I. (2018b). Production and characterization of electrodeposited Ni-B/hBN composite coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 333, 125-137.
- Waware, U. S., Hamouda, A., & Wasekar, N. P. (2018). Mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Ni-B/AlN nanocomposite coating. Surface and Coatings Technology, 337, 335-341.
- Yıldırım, Ç. V., Sarıkaya, M., Kıvak, T., & Şirin, Ş. (2019). The effect of addition of hBN nanoparticles to nanofluid-MQL on tool wear patterns, tool life, roughness and temperature in turning of Ni-based Inconel 625. Tribology International, 134, 443-456.
- Zhang, J., Tu, R., & Goto, T. (2010). Preparation of Ni-precipitated hBN powder by rotary chemical vapor deposition and its consolidation by spark plasma sintering. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 502(2), 371-375.
Ni-B/hBN katkılı TMAB ve sakarinli kaplama malzemelerinde Ni için X-ışını floresans parametrelerinin ve valans elektronik yapısının incelenmesi
Year 2022,
, 89 - 97, 30.09.2022
Oğuz Kağan Köksal
,
İsmail Hakkı Karahan
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, Ni-B alaşımlı kaplamalarda Ni'nin K kabuğu değerlik elektronik yapısı, X-ışını emisyonu ve XRD spektrumları toplanarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler K beta/K alfa X-ışını yoğunluk oranları ve XRD verileri açısından değerlendirildi. Kaplanmış alaşımlar, bu çalışma için farklı konsantrasyonlarda altıgen bor nitrür (hBN) kullanılarak elektrokimyasal depolama yöntemiyle üretilmiştir. Mevcut örneklere sabit konsantrasyonda sakarin ve trimetilamin boran kompleksi (TMAB) ilave edildi. Mevcut örnekler, 241 Am halka şeklindeki radyoaktif kaynaktan gelen 59.5 keV fotonları tarafından uyarıldı. Örneklerden yayılan K kabuk X-ışınları, 5,9 keV'de 150 eV çözünürlüğe sahip bir Ultra-LEGe dedektörü vasıtasıyla tespit edildi. Ni-B alaşımlarının K kabuğu X-ışını yoğunluk oranları saf Ni ile kontrol edildi. Mevcut sonuçlardaki değişimler, katkılı TMAB ve sakarin içeren Ni-B/hBN kaplama malzemelerinde Ni'nin değerlik elektronik yapılarındaki değişim ile yorumlanmıştır.
References
- Alım, B., Han, İ., & Demir, L. (2016). Effect of external magnetic field on valence-electron structures of Fe and Ni in Invar, Permalloy and the other Fe–Ni alloys by using Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 112, 5-12.
- Bahramian, A., Eyraud, M., Vacandio, F., & Knauth, P. (2018). Improving the corrosion properties of amorphous Ni-P thin films using different additives. Surface and Coatings Technology, 345, 40-52.
- Brunner, G., Nagel, M., Hartmann, E., & Arndt, E. (1982). Chemical sensitivity of the Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratio for 3d elements. Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, 15(24), 4517.
- Cengiz, E., Köksal, O. K., Apaydın, G., Karahan, İ. H., & Ünal, E. (2019). Determination of valence electronic structure of Ni in Ni-B alloy coatings using Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 144, 24-28.
- Chang, C.-R., Hou, K.-H., Ger, M.-D., & Wang, J.-R. (2017). Characteristics of nickel boron coatings prepared by direct current electrodeposition technique. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 12, 2055-2069.
- Garmay, A., Oskolok, K., & Monogarova, O. (2017). The use of the ratios of intensities of spectral lines for X-ray fluorescence analysis of metal alloys and oxide materials. Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin, 72(1), 49-55.
- Gójska, A. M., Kozioł, K., Miśta-Jakubowska, E. A., & Diduszko, R. (2020). Determination of the Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of silver in Ag-Cu alloys. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 468, 65-70.
- Ignatova, K. N., & Marcheva, Y. S. (2016). Effect of saccharine on the properties of Ni-Co alloy coatings deposited in citrate electrolytes. Paper presented at the 2016 XXV International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET).
- Ikram, M., Hassan, J., Imran, M., Haider, J., Ul-Hamid, A., Shahzadi, I., . . . Ali, S. (2020). 2D chemically exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheets doped with Ni: synthesis, properties and catalytic application for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Applied Nanoscience, 10, 3525-3528.
- Matsui, I., Li, M., & Omura, N. (2017). Fabricating Bulk Nanocrystalline Ni–W–B Alloys by Electrodeposition. Materials Transactions, 58(7), 1038-1041.
- Matsui, I., Omura, N., Yamamoto, T., & Takigawa, Y. (2018). Electrodeposition with intermittent addition of trimethylamine borane to produce ductile bulk nanocrystalline Ni–B alloys. Surface and Coatings Technology, 337, 411-417.
- Mirak, M., & Akbari, A. (2018). Microstructural characterization of electrodeposited and heat-treated Ni-B coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 349, 442-451.
- Ogihara, H., Udagawa, K., & Saji, T. (2012). Effect of boron content and crystalline structure on hardness in electrodeposited Ni–B alloy films. Surface and Coatings Technology, 206(11-12), 2933-2940.
- Onoda, M., Shimizu, K., Tateishi, Y., & Watanabe, T. (1999). Mechanism of boron codeposition in electrodeposited Ni-B alloy films and calculation of the amount of codeposited boron. Transactions of the IMF, 77(1), 44-48.
- Pawłowski, F., Polasik, M., Raj, S., Padhi, H., & Basa, D. (2002). Valence electronic structure of Ti, Cr, Fe and Co in some alloys from Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratio studies. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 195(3-4), 367-373.
- Perişanoğlu, U., & Demir, L. (2015). A study of K shell X-ray intensity ratios of NixCr1− x alloys in external magnetic field and determination of effective atomic numbers of these alloys. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 110, 119-125.
- Perişanoğlu, U., Kavaz, E., Urtekin, E., & Demir, L. (2020). Examining alloying effect on KX ray intensity ratios and chemical shifts of the Zn, Mn and mixed spinel ferrites. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 156, 108980.
- Polasik, M. (1998). Influence of changes in the valence electronic configuration on the K beta-to-K alpha x-ray intensity ratios of the 3d transition metals. Physical Review A, 58(3), 1840-1845.
- Sanyal, U., Davis, D. T., & Jagirdar, B. R. (2013). Bimetallic core–shell nanocomposites using weak reducing agent and their transformation to alloy nanostructures. Dalton Transactions, 42(19), 7147-7157.
- Sanyal, U., & Jagirdar, B. R. (2012). Metal and alloy nanoparticles by amine-borane reduction of metal salts by solid-phase synthesis: atom economy and green process. Inorganic Chemistry, 51(23), 13023-13033.
- SCOFIELD, J. H. (1974). Relativistic Hartree-Slater values for K and L X-ray emission rates. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 14, 121-137.
- Shakoor, R., Kahraman, R., Waware, U. S., Wang, Y., & Gao, W. (2014a). Synthesis and properties of electrodeposited Ni-B-Zn ternary alloy coatings. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 9, 5520.
- Shakoor, R., Kahraman, R., Waware, U. S., Wang, Y., & Gao, W. (2014b). Synthesis and properties of electrodeposited Ni–B–CeO2 composite coatings. Materials & Design, 59, 421-429.
- Sheu, H.-H., Wang, Q.-Y., Huang, P.-C., Cheng, A.-Y., Liu, Y.-M., Hou, K.-H., & Ger, M.-D. (2021). Effect of Trimethylamine Borane (TMAB) on the Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Based Composite Coatings. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 16(4).
- Siegel, G., Gryzbowcki, G., Hilton, A., Muratore, C., & Snure, M. (2019). Growth of Multi-Layer hBN on Ni (111) Substrates via MOCVD. Crystals, 9(7), 339.
- Smid, I., Segall, A., Walia, P., Aggarwal, G., Eden, T., & Potter, J. (2012). Cold-sprayed Ni-hBN self-lubricating coatings. Tribology transactions, 55(5), 599-605.
- Tozar, A. (2020). Investigating the hexadecylamine as a new nonionic surfactant candidate for electrodeposition of wear-resistant metal-matrix composites. Surface engineering, 36(9), 990-999.
- Tyagi, R., Xiong, D. S., Li, J., & Dai, J. (2010). Elevated temperature tribological behavior of Ni based composites containing nano-silver and hBN. Wear, 269(11-12), 884-890.
- Uğurlu, M., Alım, B., & Demir, L. (2019). The relationship between the external magnetic field and K X-ray intensity ratios of immiscible MoxAg1-x alloys. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 165, 108396.
- Uğurlu, M., Alım, B., Han, I., & Demir, L. (2017). Delocalization and charge transfer studies of PERMENDUR49, KOVAR and Ti50Co50 alloys from relative K X-ray intensity ratios. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 695, 2619-2627.
- Uğurlu, M., & Demir, L. (2020). Relative K X-ray intensity ratios of the first and second transition elements in the magnetic field. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1203, 127458.
- Ünal, E., & Karahan, I. (2018a). Effects of ultrasonic agitation prior to deposition and additives in the bath on electrodeposited Ni-B/hBN composite coatings. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 763, 329-341.
- Ünal, E., & Karahan, I. (2018b). Production and characterization of electrodeposited Ni-B/hBN composite coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 333, 125-137.
- Waware, U. S., Hamouda, A., & Wasekar, N. P. (2018). Mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Ni-B/AlN nanocomposite coating. Surface and Coatings Technology, 337, 335-341.
- Yıldırım, Ç. V., Sarıkaya, M., Kıvak, T., & Şirin, Ş. (2019). The effect of addition of hBN nanoparticles to nanofluid-MQL on tool wear patterns, tool life, roughness and temperature in turning of Ni-based Inconel 625. Tribology International, 134, 443-456.
- Zhang, J., Tu, R., & Goto, T. (2010). Preparation of Ni-precipitated hBN powder by rotary chemical vapor deposition and its consolidation by spark plasma sintering. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 502(2), 371-375.