In-silico study for whole-body PEMF device effect in rats

Year 2024, , 313 - 324, 15.03.2024

Miraç Dilruba Geyikoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1323633

Abstract

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation is a non-invasive therapeutic modality that has been employed in a variety of applications, including skin wound healing, tissue regeneration, blood vessel regeneration, repair of nonunion bone fractures, and dental treatment. Currently, the potential side effects of electromagnetic fields on tissues have not been comprehensively explored, despite their established therapeutic benefits. In this study, we examined the side effects of PEMF devices on whole-body tissues using simulations. The electromagnetic field simulation software CST Studio Suite was utilized, and an RF coil that could output different frequencies (100 Hz, 100 kHz, and 27 MHz) and magnetic fields (0.25 mT, 0.5, and 1 mT) was designed for the purpose of simulations. A realistic rat model, available from the CST library, was employed. Using the Debye equations according to the relevant frequency value, the electrical and thermal properties of the rat were calculated, and the simulation was carried out in two stages: EM and thermal analysis. The specific absorption rate in the tissues with EM simulation and the temperature distribution in the tissues with thermal analysis were examined. The effects created by the PEMF device at different frequencies and magnetic field intensities were presented comparatively. According to the results, the highest SAR value was observed for three different magnetic field intensities at a frequency of 27 MHz, resulting in a temperature difference of 0.7 °C. This study aims to determine the EM effects on rats in a simulated environment according to different frequencies and magnetic field values, as well as to determine whether the thermal effects created can produce a side response. By doing so, it will be possible to improve noninvasive clinical PEMF devices and provide additional information about the interaction of electromagnetic fields with tissues.

Keywords

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field, Cancer, RF Coil, Specific absorption rate, Thermal Analysis

Sıçanlarda tüm vücut PEMF cihaz etkisi için in-silico çalışma

Abstract

Darbeli elektromanyetik alan (PEMF) stimülasyonu, cilt yara iyileşmesini, doku rejenerasyonu, kan damarı rejenerasyonu, kaynamayan kemik kırıklarının onarımı, dental tedavi gibi birçok uygulamada kullanılmaya başlanmış invazif olmayan bir terapötik modalitedir. Fakat bildiğimiz kadarıyla terapötik etkilerinin yanı sıra elektromanyetik alanın dokular üzerinde oluşturacağı olası yan etkiler detaylı olarak araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada tüm vücut üzerinde kullanılan PEMF cihazlarının, dokular üzerinde oluşturacağı yan etkiler incelenmiştir. Simülasyonlar için elektromanyetik alan simülasyon yazılımı CST Studio Suite kullanılmıştır. Simülasyonlarda kullanılmak üzere farklı frekans (100 Hz, 100 kHz ve 27 MHz) ve farklı manyetik alan (0.25mT, 0.5mT ve 1mT) çıkışları verebilen RF bobini tasarlanmıştır. CST kütüphanesinde bulunan gerçekçi sıçan modeli kullanılmıştır. Simülasyonun gerçekçi bir ortamda yapılabilmesi için sıçan elektrik ve termal özellikleri ilgili frekans değerine göre Debye denklemleri aracılığıyla hesaplanmıştır. Simülasyon EM ve termal analiz olarak iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. EM simülasyon ile dokular üzerinde oluşan özgül soğurma oranı, termal analiz ile dokular üzerinde oluşan sıcaklık dağılımı incelenmiştir. Farklı frekans ve manyetik alan yoğunluk değerlerine göre PEMF cihazının oluşturduğu etkiler kıyaslamalı olarak sunulmuştur. Sonuçlara göre 27 MHz frekansında üç farklı manyetik alan yoğunluğu için de en yüksek SAR değeri oluşumu gözlemlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla en yüksek sıcaklık farkı 0.7 °C ile yine bu frekansta oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı frekans ve farklı manyetik alan değerlerine göre simülasyon ortamında (a) sıçan üzerinde oluşan EM etkilerini belirlemek ve (b) oluşturacağı termal etkilerin yan tepki üretip üretemeyeceğini belirlemektir. Bu sayede invazif olmayan klinik PEMF cihazlarının iyileştirilmeleri mümkün hale gelecek ve elektromanyetik alanların dokularla etkileşimi hakkında ek bilgi sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Darbeli elektromanyetik alan, Kanser, RF bobin, Özgül soğurma oranı, Termal analiz

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