Kızılırmak Delta Kıyı Alanındaki Tuzlanma Sürecinin Stuyfzand Hidrojeokimyasal Modelleme Sistemi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin kuzey-orta kesiminde yer alan ve en uzun 3. akarsuyu olan Kızılırmak Nehri’nin kıyı kesiminde yer alan yeraltısuyunun hidrokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla 2017 yılında Haziran ve Ekim aylarında her dönemde 48 adet kuyudan alınan toplam 94 adet yeraltısuyu örneğinin pH, EC, TDS gibi fiziksel özellikleri belirlenmiş, bu örnekler üzerinde majör anyon katyon ve iz element analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirilerek suların hidrojeokimyasal özellikleri araştırılmış kıyı bölgesinde yeraltı suyunda deniz suyu girişiminin etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan analizler değerlendirildiğinde her dönem için EC’nin 2500 µS/cm değerinden yüksek olması, Na, SO4 ve Cl değerlerinin ise Türk İçme Suyu Standardında tanımlanan sınır değerlerin üstünde olması nedeniyle akifer sularının içme ve kullanmaya uygun olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Kızılırmak Deltası kıyı alanındaki yeraltısuyu örnekleri, Stuyfzand Sınıflama Sistemi’ne göre değerlendirilerek deniz suyu girişiminin etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda 2 dönem için yapılan yeraltısuyu örneklemesi için oluşturulan hidrojeokimyasal model ile kıyı alanında bulunan yeraltısuyunun gelişimi belirlenmiştir. Buna göre; Kızılırmak delta kıyı alanında yeraltısuyunun bileşimi deltanın batısında CaHCO3 ve CaKarışım su tipi ile karakteristik iken; deltanın doğusuna gidildikçe su tipinin NaCl’ye doğru değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, MgKarışım, NaKarışım ve NaHCO3 su tipi ortamda tatlı yeraltısuyu ile deniz suyu arasında geçiş koşullarının mevcut olduğunu göstermektedir. NaCl su tipi ise delta alanında bir deniz suyu girişiminin varlığına işaret etmektedir ve yapılan hidrokimyasal analizler ile bölgede yeraltısuyunun %46’sının deniz suyu etkisinde olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelecekte Kızılırmak Deltası kıyı alanında yeraltısuyunun tuzlanmasının önüne geçmek ve yeraltısuyu kalitesinin bozulmasını önlemek için pompaja son verilmeli ve kıyı kesiminde yeni kuyu açılmamalıdır.
Supporting Institution
Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü AR-GE
Project Number
2016-2
References
- Al Farrah, N., Martens, K. ve Walraevens, K., 2011. Hydrochemistry of the Upper Miocene-Pliocene-Quaternary Aquifer Complex of Jifarah Plain, NW-Libya. Geologica Belgica, 14/3-4, 159-174.
- Arslan, H., Cemek, B. ve Demir, Y., 2012. Determination of Seawater Intrusion via Hydrochemicals and Isotopes in Bafra Plain, Turkey. Water Resources Management, 26, 3907-3922.
- Ayyıldız Turan, N., ve diğ., 2018. Kızılırmak Deltası Kıyı Bölgesi Yeraltısularında Kalite ve Kirlilik Parametrelerinin İncelenmesi. 2016-2, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü AR-GE Projesi.
- FAO., 1997. Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifers. Guidelines for study monitoring and control, FAO. Rome.
- Fırat Ersoy, A., Ersoy, H. ve Gültekin, Fatma., 2007. Nitrate, Nitrite and Ammonia Contamination in Ground Water: A Case Study from Gümüşhacıköy Plain, Turkey. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 1, 107 – 118.
- Fırat Ersoy, A. ve Gültekin, F., 2008. Modeling Groundwater Flow in the Agricultural Area of Gümüşhacıkoy (Amasya, Turkey). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol.67, pp, 529-535.
- Fırat Ersoy, A. ve Karaca, Z., 2019. Determination of groundwater parameters for drinking and agricultural use in the coastal region of Engiz Aquifer System, Samsun (NE Turkey). Arabian Journal of Geoscience, 12,198.
- Gaaloul, N., Pliakas, F., Kallioras, A., Schuth, C. ve Marinos, P., 2012. Simulation of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers: Forty-Five Years Exploitation in an Eastern Coast Aquifer in NE Tunisia. Open Hydrology Journal, 6, 31-44.
- Gültekin, F., Fırat Ersoy, A. ve Ersoy, H., 2005. Aşağı Değirmendere (Trabzon) Havzasındaki Suların Kalitesi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 29,1, 21-34.
- Gültekin, F., Fırat Ersoy, A., Hatipoglu, E. ve Celep, S., 2013. Quality Assessment of Surface and Groundwater in Solaklı Basin (Trabzon, Turkey). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol.72, pp, 213-224.
- Kelly, W P., 2005. Seawater intrusion Topic paper, Island Country Health Department.
- Kim, R., Yum, B. ve Chang, H., 2002. Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics for Salinization of a Shallow Groundwater in a Coastal Area, Youngkwang, Korea. 17th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Delft The Netherlands.
- Leboeuf, P P., 2004. Seawater Intrusion and Associated Processes in a Small Coastal Complex Aquifer (Castell De Ferro Aquifer Spain). Applied Geochemistry, Volume 19, Issue 10, 1517-1527.
- Lee, J Y. ve Song, S H., 2007. Evolution of Groundwater Quality in Coastal Areas: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture. Environmental Geology, 52, 1231-1242.
- Montety, V., Radakovitch, O., Vallet-Coulomb, C., Blavoux, B., Hermitte, D. ve Valles, V. 2008. Origin of Groundwater Salinity and Hydrogeochemical Processes in A Confined Coastal Aquifer: Case of The Rhône Delta (Southern France). Applied Geochemistry, 23, 2337–2349.
- Najaib, S., Fadili, A., Mehdi, K., Riss, J. ve Makan, A., 2017. Contribution of Hydrochemical and Geoelectrical Approaches to Investigate Salinization Process and Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifers of Chaouia, Morocco. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 198, 24-36.
- Nair, I S., Pajaveni, S P., Schneider, M. ve Elango, L., 2015. Geochemical and Isotopic Signatures for the Identification of Seawater Intrusion in an Alluvial Aquifer. Journal of Earth System Science, 6, 1281-1291.
- Richter, B C. ve Kreitler, C W., 1993. Geochemical Techniques for Identifying Sources of Ground-Water Salinization, CRC Press, 258 p.
- Sappa, G. ve Luciani, L., 2015. Sustainability of Groundwater Management in the Coastal Plain of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). Rendiconti Online Societa Geologica Italiana 35, 264-267.
- Stuyfzand, P.J.,1986. A New Hydrogeochemical Classification of Water Types: Principles and Application to the Coastal Dunes Aquifer System of the Netherlands. Proceedings 9th Sea Water Intrusion Meeting (SWIM), Delft (The Netherlands), 641-656.
- Stuyfzand, P.J.,1993. Hydrochemistry and Hydrology of the Coastal Dune Area of the Western Netherlands. PhD Dissertation, Free Univesity (VU), Amsterdam, 90-74741-01-0. 366 p.
- TSE 266., 2005. İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik, Ankara.
Abstract
In the present study, hydrochemical properties of groundwater in delta coastal area of Kızılırmak River, which is the third longest river of Turkey and is located in the north-central part of the country were identified. For this purpose, physical properties such as pH, EC, TDS of groundwater samples taken from 48 wells in each period in June and October 2017 were determined, and major anion cation analyzes were performed on these samples. The hydrogeochemical properties of the waters were investigated by evaluating the data obtained and the effects of seawater intrusion in groundwater in the coastal region were revealed. According to the analyzes results, the aquifer waters are not suitable for drinking and domestic purposes since EC values are higher than 2500 µS / cm for each period and Na, SO4 and Cl values are above the limit values according to the Turkish Drinking Water Standard. Groundwater samples in the Kızılırmak Delta coastal area were evaluated by using the Stuyfzand Classification System and the effects of the sea water intrusion were revealed. As a result of the study, a hydrogeochemical model was constructed using the available data and the development of groundwater in the coastal area was established. According to this model; while the chemical character of groundwater in the Kızılırmak delta coastal area is of CaHCO3 and CaKarışım type in the west of the delta; it was determined that the chemical character changes towards NaCl towards the eastern part of the delta. In addition, the occurence of MgKarışım, NaKarışım and NaHCO3 types suggest that there is a transitional zone between fresh groundwater and seawater. NaCl water type indicates the presence of seawater intrusion in the delta area and based on hydrogeochemistry 46% of the groundwater in the study are under the influence of seawater. In order to prevent salinization of the groundwater in coastal area and detorioration of their quality, pumping must be stopped, and new wells must not be drilled in the coastal area.
Project Number
2016-2
References
- Al Farrah, N., Martens, K. ve Walraevens, K., 2011. Hydrochemistry of the Upper Miocene-Pliocene-Quaternary Aquifer Complex of Jifarah Plain, NW-Libya. Geologica Belgica, 14/3-4, 159-174.
- Arslan, H., Cemek, B. ve Demir, Y., 2012. Determination of Seawater Intrusion via Hydrochemicals and Isotopes in Bafra Plain, Turkey. Water Resources Management, 26, 3907-3922.
- Ayyıldız Turan, N., ve diğ., 2018. Kızılırmak Deltası Kıyı Bölgesi Yeraltısularında Kalite ve Kirlilik Parametrelerinin İncelenmesi. 2016-2, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü AR-GE Projesi.
- FAO., 1997. Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifers. Guidelines for study monitoring and control, FAO. Rome.
- Fırat Ersoy, A., Ersoy, H. ve Gültekin, Fatma., 2007. Nitrate, Nitrite and Ammonia Contamination in Ground Water: A Case Study from Gümüşhacıköy Plain, Turkey. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 1, 107 – 118.
- Fırat Ersoy, A. ve Gültekin, F., 2008. Modeling Groundwater Flow in the Agricultural Area of Gümüşhacıkoy (Amasya, Turkey). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol.67, pp, 529-535.
- Fırat Ersoy, A. ve Karaca, Z., 2019. Determination of groundwater parameters for drinking and agricultural use in the coastal region of Engiz Aquifer System, Samsun (NE Turkey). Arabian Journal of Geoscience, 12,198.
- Gaaloul, N., Pliakas, F., Kallioras, A., Schuth, C. ve Marinos, P., 2012. Simulation of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers: Forty-Five Years Exploitation in an Eastern Coast Aquifer in NE Tunisia. Open Hydrology Journal, 6, 31-44.
- Gültekin, F., Fırat Ersoy, A. ve Ersoy, H., 2005. Aşağı Değirmendere (Trabzon) Havzasındaki Suların Kalitesi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 29,1, 21-34.
- Gültekin, F., Fırat Ersoy, A., Hatipoglu, E. ve Celep, S., 2013. Quality Assessment of Surface and Groundwater in Solaklı Basin (Trabzon, Turkey). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol.72, pp, 213-224.
- Kelly, W P., 2005. Seawater intrusion Topic paper, Island Country Health Department.
- Kim, R., Yum, B. ve Chang, H., 2002. Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics for Salinization of a Shallow Groundwater in a Coastal Area, Youngkwang, Korea. 17th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Delft The Netherlands.
- Leboeuf, P P., 2004. Seawater Intrusion and Associated Processes in a Small Coastal Complex Aquifer (Castell De Ferro Aquifer Spain). Applied Geochemistry, Volume 19, Issue 10, 1517-1527.
- Lee, J Y. ve Song, S H., 2007. Evolution of Groundwater Quality in Coastal Areas: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture. Environmental Geology, 52, 1231-1242.
- Montety, V., Radakovitch, O., Vallet-Coulomb, C., Blavoux, B., Hermitte, D. ve Valles, V. 2008. Origin of Groundwater Salinity and Hydrogeochemical Processes in A Confined Coastal Aquifer: Case of The Rhône Delta (Southern France). Applied Geochemistry, 23, 2337–2349.
- Najaib, S., Fadili, A., Mehdi, K., Riss, J. ve Makan, A., 2017. Contribution of Hydrochemical and Geoelectrical Approaches to Investigate Salinization Process and Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifers of Chaouia, Morocco. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 198, 24-36.
- Nair, I S., Pajaveni, S P., Schneider, M. ve Elango, L., 2015. Geochemical and Isotopic Signatures for the Identification of Seawater Intrusion in an Alluvial Aquifer. Journal of Earth System Science, 6, 1281-1291.
- Richter, B C. ve Kreitler, C W., 1993. Geochemical Techniques for Identifying Sources of Ground-Water Salinization, CRC Press, 258 p.
- Sappa, G. ve Luciani, L., 2015. Sustainability of Groundwater Management in the Coastal Plain of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). Rendiconti Online Societa Geologica Italiana 35, 264-267.
- Stuyfzand, P.J.,1986. A New Hydrogeochemical Classification of Water Types: Principles and Application to the Coastal Dunes Aquifer System of the Netherlands. Proceedings 9th Sea Water Intrusion Meeting (SWIM), Delft (The Netherlands), 641-656.
- Stuyfzand, P.J.,1993. Hydrochemistry and Hydrology of the Coastal Dune Area of the Western Netherlands. PhD Dissertation, Free Univesity (VU), Amsterdam, 90-74741-01-0. 366 p.
- TSE 266., 2005. İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik, Ankara.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 2016-2 |
| Publication Date | October 15, 2020 |
| Submission Date | April 27, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | August 12, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 |