Determination of phenolic component, antioxidant capacity, and antidiabetic properties of Sisymbrium altissimum leaves

Year 2022, , 68 - 77, 15.01.2022

Mehmet Ali Temiz

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.935653

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and is among the most suffering diseases all over the world. Hyperglycemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases by triggering the mechanisms of oxidative stress. Phytotherapy is one of the alternative ways to cope with these diseases. Medicinal, aromatic and wild edible plants have nutraceutically protective effects against various diseases as well as nutritional and dietetic value due to the phytochemicals. Sisymbrium species are among the wild edible plants and traditionally used to treatment of various diseases. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the phenolic components of Sisymbrium altissimum leaves as well as their antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, phenolic component was determined in S. altissimum leaf extract (SAE) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, total phenolic and total flavonoid content measurement, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity analyzes were performed to determine the antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic effect of the leaves was measured by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity assay. In the results obtained, it was determined that SAE showed a significant antioxidant activity. It was determined that the most abundant phenolic component in leaves was rutin, also quercetin and protocatechuic acid were the other dominant phenolic components in leaves. On the other hand, it was found that the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of the leaves were lower compared to acarbose. As a result, it can be concluded that S. altissimum can strengthen the antioxidant status with its important phenolic compounds and also prevent nutraceutically postprandial hyperglycemia due to its partial α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities.

Keywords

Antioxidant activity, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, Phenolic compound, Sisymbrium altissimum

Sisymbrium altissimum yapraklarının fenolik bileşen, antioksidan kapasite ve antidiyabetik özelliklerinin tespiti

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (Şeker hastalığı), yüksek kan glukozu (hiperglisemi) ile karakterize edilen ve tüm dünyada en çok muzdarip olunan hastalıklar arasındadır. Hiperglisemi oksidatif stresin oluşum mekanizmalarını tetikleyerek pek çok hastalığın patogenezinde rol oynar. Fitoterapi bu hastalıklar ile başa çıkmada alternatif yollardan biridir. Tıbbi, aromatik ve yabani yenilebilir bitkiler içerdikleri fitokimyasallar sayesinde nutrasötik olarak çeşitli hastalıklara karşı koruyucu etki göstermelerinin yanı sıra besleyici ve diyetetik özelliklere sahiptirler. Sisymbrium türleri yabani yenilebilir bitkiler arasında olup geleneksel olarak çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Sisymbrium altissimum yapraklarının fenolik bileşiminin yanı sıra antioksidan kapasitesinin ve antidiyabetik özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu maksatla S. altissimum yaprak ekstraktında (SAE) yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) ile fenolik bileşen tespiti yapıldı. Ayrıca, antioksidan kapasitesini belirlemek amacıyla toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid madde tayini ile 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) ve 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS) serbest radikal temizleme aktivite analizleri gerçekleştirildi. Yaprakların antidiyabetik etkisi, α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz inhibisyon aktivite tayini ile ölçüldü. Elde edilen sonuçlarda, SAE’nin önemli düzeyde antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği belirlendi. Yapraklarda en çok bulunan fenolik bileşenin rutin olduğu ayrıca, kuersetin ve protokateşuik asidin ise yapraklardaki diğer baskın fenolik bileşenler olduğu saptandı. Diğer taraftan yaprakların α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz inhibisyon aktivitelerinin akarboz ile karşılaştırıldığında daha düşük olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, S. altissimum’um önemli fenolik bileşen içeriğiyle antioksidan durumu güçlendirebileceği ve ayrıca kısmi α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz inhibisyon aktiviteleri sayesinde nutrasötik olarak yemek sonrası hiperglisemiyi önleyebileceği sonucuna varılabilir.

Keywords

Antioksidan aktivite, α-amilaz, α-glukozidaz, Fenolik bileşik, Sisymbrium altissimum

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