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Yardımcı Bitkiler ve Ekolojik Etkileri

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 128 - 140, 31.07.2017

Abstract

Bitkiler, özellikle stres derecesi yüksek ekosistemlerde, gerek farklı
türler ve gerekse aynı türün bireyleri arasında, yardım etkisi fonksiyonu
kullanarak daha başarılı olmaktadırlar. Yardım etkisi gösteren bitki, mikro
habitatın klimatik ve edafik özelliklerini düzelterek ya da parazit veya
herbivor saldırılarına karşı koruyarak, diğer bitkilerin habitata tutunmasını
sağlar. Böylece, türlerin doğal yayılış alanlarını genişletmesi ve
vejetasyondaki türlerin dağılış modelleri üzerinde olumlu ekolojik etkiler
oluşturur.

References

  • Açıkgöz, E., 2001, Yem bitkileri. Uludağ Üniv. Güçlendirme Vakfı Yay. No: 182. Bursa, 584s.
  • Aguiar, M. R, Soriano, A. ve Sala, O. E., 1992. Competition and facilitation in the recruitment of seedlings in Patagonia steppe, Functional Ecology, 6, 66-70.
  • Albayrak, S., 2003, Ankara Ekolojik Koşullarında Yapay Mera Kurulması Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Doktora Tezi. A.Ü. Fen bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 167s.
  • Anlarsal, A. E., Ülgen, A. C., Gök, M., Yücel, C., Çakır, B., Onaç I., 1996, Çukurova’da tek yıllık baklagil yembitkisi + mısır üretim sisteminde baklagillerin ot verimleri ile azot fiksasyonlarının saptanması ve mısır üretiminde azot kullanımını azaltma olanakları, Türkiye 3. Çayır- Mera ve Yem bitkileri Kongresi, 17-19 Haziran 1996, Erzurum, Türkiye, s.362-368.
  • Bertness, M. D. ve Callaway, R. M., 1994. Positive interactions in communities: a post cold war perspective, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 191-193.
  • Brooker, R. W. ve Callaghan, T. V., 1988. The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to enviromental gradients: a model, Oikos, 81, 196-207.
  • Callaway, R. M., and King, L., 1996. Temperature-driven variation in substrate oxygenation and the balance of competition and facilitation, Ecology, 77 (4), 1189-1195.
  • Callaway, R. M. ve Walker, L. R., 1997. Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to interaction in plant communities, Ecology, 78, 1958-1965.
  • Carlsson, B. ve Callaghan, T. V., 1991. Pozitive plant interactions in tundra vegetation and the importance of shelter, Journal of Ecology, 79, 973-983.
  • Castro, J., Zamora, R., Hódar, J. A. ve Gómez, J. M., 2002. The use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains, Restoration Ecology, 10, 297–305.
  • Cavieres, L. A., Peňalosa, A., Papic, C. ve Tambutti, M., 1998. Efecto nodriza del cojín Laretia acaulis (Umbelliferae) en la zona alto-andina de Chile central (Nurse effect of Laretia acaulis (Umbelliferae) in the high Andes of central Chile), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 71, 337-347.
  • Cavieres, L., Arroyo, M. T. K., Peňalosa, A., Molina-Montenegro, M. ve Torres, C., 2002. Nurse effect of Bolax gummifera cushion plants in the alpine vegetation of the Chilean Patagonian Andes, Journal of Vegetation Science, 13, 547-554.
  • Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1991, The evolution of parental care. Princeton Univerity Pres, Princeton, 352p.
  • de Viana, M. L., Sühring, S., ve Manly, B. F. J., 2000. Application of randomization methods to study the association of Trichocereus pasacana (Cactaceae) with potential nuerse plants. Plant Ecology, 00: 1-5.
  • Franco, A. C. ve Nobel, P. S., 1988. Interaction between seedlings of Agave desertii and the nurse plant Hilarida rigid,. Ecology, 69, 1731-1740.
  • Franco, A. C. ve Nobel, P. S., 1989. Effects of nurse plant on the microhabitat and growth of cacti, Journal of Ecology, 77, 870-886.
  • Franco-Pizaña, J., Fulbright, T. E. ve Gardnier, D. T., 1995. Spatial relations between shrubs and Prosopis glandulosa canopies, Journal of Vegetation Science, 6, 73-78.
  • García Salmerón J., 1995, Manual de Repoblaciones Forestales II. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes Fundación Conde del Valle de Salazar. Madrid, 918 p.
  • Jordan, P. W. ve Nobel, P. S., 1979. Infrequent establishment of seedlings Agave desertii (Agavaceae) in the Northwestern Sonoran Desert, American Journal of Botany, 66, 1079-1084.
  • Kellman, M. ve Kading, M., 1992. Facilitation of tree seedling establishment in a sand dune succession, Journal of Vegetation Science, 3, 679-689.
  • Körner, C. ve Larcher, W., 1988, Plant life in cold climates. Plants and temparature, Long, S. F. ve Woodward, F. I. (eds.), Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, pp. 25-57.
  • Lacey, E. P. ve Herr, D., 2005. Phenotypic plasticity, parental effects, and parental care in plants? I. An examination of spike reflectance in Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae), American Journal of Botany, 92 (6), 920–930.
  • Lambers, H., Chapin Ш, F. S. ve Pons, T. L., 1998, Plant physiological ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 540p.
  • Larcher, W., 2003, Physiological Plant Ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 513p.
  • Lewitt, J., 1980, Responses of plants to enviromental stresses. Second Edition, Vols. I- II. Academic Press, New York and London, 497p.
  • Manga, İ. ve Acar, Z., 1988, Yem Kültürünün Genel İlkeleri, OMÜ Yay. No: 37, Samsun.
  • Martinello, P., 1999. Effects of irrigation and harvest management on dry- matter yield and seed yield of annual clovers grown in pure and in mixtures with Graminaceous species in a Mediterranean Environment, Grass and Forage Science, 54, 52-61.
  • Molina-Montenegro, M. A, Torres, C., Parra, M. J., ve Cavieres, L., 2000. Asociación de especies al cojín Azorella trifurcata (Apiaceae) en la zona andina de Chile central (37°S) (Species association with the cushion Azorella trifurcata (Apiaceae) in the high Andes of central Chile (37ºS), Gayana Botanica, 57, 161-168.
  • Nuñez, C. I., Aizen, M. A. ve Ezcurra, C., 1999. Species associations and nurse effects in patches of high -Andean vegetation, Journal of Vegetation Science, 10, 357-364.
  • Pemán, J., ve Navarro, R., 1998, Repoblaciones forestales. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Léridade, Léridade.
  • Pugnaire, F. I., Haase, P. ve Pulgdefabregas, J., 1996. Facilitation between higher plant species in a semiarid environment, Ecology, 77, 1420-1426.
  • Pugnaire, F. I. ve Luque, M. T., 2001. Changes in plant interactions along a gradient of enviromental stress, Oikos 93, 42-49.
  • Raffaele, E. ve Veblen, T. T.,1998. Facilitation by nurse shrubs of resprouting behavior in a post-fire shrubland in northern Patagonia, Argentina, Journal of Vegetation Science, 9, 693-698.
  • Tan, M., ve Serin, Y., 1996, Fiğ + tahıl karışımlarında karışım oranlar ve biçim zamanlarının makro besin elementi kompozisyonuna etkileri, Türkiye 3. Çayır Mera ve Yem bitkileri Kongresi, 17-19 Haziran 1996, Erzurum, Türkiye, s.308-315.
  • Tan, M., ve Serin, Y., 2004. Is the companion crop harmless to afalfa establishment in the higlands of East Anatolia?, Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190, 1-5.
  • Wied, A. ve Galen, C., 1998. Plant parental care: Conspecific nurse effects in Frasera Speciosa and Cirsium Scopulorum, Ecology, 79 (5), 1657-1668.
  • Valiente-Banuet, A. ve Ezcurra, E., 1991. Shade as a cause of the association between the cactus Neobuxbaumia tetetzo and the nurse plant Mimosa luisana in the Tehuacán Valley, Mexico, Journal of Ecology, 79 (4), 961-971.

Nurse Plants and Ecological Effects

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 128 - 140, 31.07.2017

Abstract

Plants are more successful, especially in stressed high ecosystems by
using the nursing effect function, both between different and same species
individuals. The beneficial plant helps to keep other plants habitat by
improving the climatic and edaphic properties of the microhabitat or protecting
against parasitic or herbivorous attacks. Thus, it’s positive ecological effects
on expanding the natural distribution areas of species and the species
distribution patterns of vegetation.

References

  • Açıkgöz, E., 2001, Yem bitkileri. Uludağ Üniv. Güçlendirme Vakfı Yay. No: 182. Bursa, 584s.
  • Aguiar, M. R, Soriano, A. ve Sala, O. E., 1992. Competition and facilitation in the recruitment of seedlings in Patagonia steppe, Functional Ecology, 6, 66-70.
  • Albayrak, S., 2003, Ankara Ekolojik Koşullarında Yapay Mera Kurulması Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Doktora Tezi. A.Ü. Fen bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 167s.
  • Anlarsal, A. E., Ülgen, A. C., Gök, M., Yücel, C., Çakır, B., Onaç I., 1996, Çukurova’da tek yıllık baklagil yembitkisi + mısır üretim sisteminde baklagillerin ot verimleri ile azot fiksasyonlarının saptanması ve mısır üretiminde azot kullanımını azaltma olanakları, Türkiye 3. Çayır- Mera ve Yem bitkileri Kongresi, 17-19 Haziran 1996, Erzurum, Türkiye, s.362-368.
  • Bertness, M. D. ve Callaway, R. M., 1994. Positive interactions in communities: a post cold war perspective, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 191-193.
  • Brooker, R. W. ve Callaghan, T. V., 1988. The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to enviromental gradients: a model, Oikos, 81, 196-207.
  • Callaway, R. M., and King, L., 1996. Temperature-driven variation in substrate oxygenation and the balance of competition and facilitation, Ecology, 77 (4), 1189-1195.
  • Callaway, R. M. ve Walker, L. R., 1997. Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to interaction in plant communities, Ecology, 78, 1958-1965.
  • Carlsson, B. ve Callaghan, T. V., 1991. Pozitive plant interactions in tundra vegetation and the importance of shelter, Journal of Ecology, 79, 973-983.
  • Castro, J., Zamora, R., Hódar, J. A. ve Gómez, J. M., 2002. The use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains, Restoration Ecology, 10, 297–305.
  • Cavieres, L. A., Peňalosa, A., Papic, C. ve Tambutti, M., 1998. Efecto nodriza del cojín Laretia acaulis (Umbelliferae) en la zona alto-andina de Chile central (Nurse effect of Laretia acaulis (Umbelliferae) in the high Andes of central Chile), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 71, 337-347.
  • Cavieres, L., Arroyo, M. T. K., Peňalosa, A., Molina-Montenegro, M. ve Torres, C., 2002. Nurse effect of Bolax gummifera cushion plants in the alpine vegetation of the Chilean Patagonian Andes, Journal of Vegetation Science, 13, 547-554.
  • Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1991, The evolution of parental care. Princeton Univerity Pres, Princeton, 352p.
  • de Viana, M. L., Sühring, S., ve Manly, B. F. J., 2000. Application of randomization methods to study the association of Trichocereus pasacana (Cactaceae) with potential nuerse plants. Plant Ecology, 00: 1-5.
  • Franco, A. C. ve Nobel, P. S., 1988. Interaction between seedlings of Agave desertii and the nurse plant Hilarida rigid,. Ecology, 69, 1731-1740.
  • Franco, A. C. ve Nobel, P. S., 1989. Effects of nurse plant on the microhabitat and growth of cacti, Journal of Ecology, 77, 870-886.
  • Franco-Pizaña, J., Fulbright, T. E. ve Gardnier, D. T., 1995. Spatial relations between shrubs and Prosopis glandulosa canopies, Journal of Vegetation Science, 6, 73-78.
  • García Salmerón J., 1995, Manual de Repoblaciones Forestales II. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes Fundación Conde del Valle de Salazar. Madrid, 918 p.
  • Jordan, P. W. ve Nobel, P. S., 1979. Infrequent establishment of seedlings Agave desertii (Agavaceae) in the Northwestern Sonoran Desert, American Journal of Botany, 66, 1079-1084.
  • Kellman, M. ve Kading, M., 1992. Facilitation of tree seedling establishment in a sand dune succession, Journal of Vegetation Science, 3, 679-689.
  • Körner, C. ve Larcher, W., 1988, Plant life in cold climates. Plants and temparature, Long, S. F. ve Woodward, F. I. (eds.), Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, pp. 25-57.
  • Lacey, E. P. ve Herr, D., 2005. Phenotypic plasticity, parental effects, and parental care in plants? I. An examination of spike reflectance in Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae), American Journal of Botany, 92 (6), 920–930.
  • Lambers, H., Chapin Ш, F. S. ve Pons, T. L., 1998, Plant physiological ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 540p.
  • Larcher, W., 2003, Physiological Plant Ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 513p.
  • Lewitt, J., 1980, Responses of plants to enviromental stresses. Second Edition, Vols. I- II. Academic Press, New York and London, 497p.
  • Manga, İ. ve Acar, Z., 1988, Yem Kültürünün Genel İlkeleri, OMÜ Yay. No: 37, Samsun.
  • Martinello, P., 1999. Effects of irrigation and harvest management on dry- matter yield and seed yield of annual clovers grown in pure and in mixtures with Graminaceous species in a Mediterranean Environment, Grass and Forage Science, 54, 52-61.
  • Molina-Montenegro, M. A, Torres, C., Parra, M. J., ve Cavieres, L., 2000. Asociación de especies al cojín Azorella trifurcata (Apiaceae) en la zona andina de Chile central (37°S) (Species association with the cushion Azorella trifurcata (Apiaceae) in the high Andes of central Chile (37ºS), Gayana Botanica, 57, 161-168.
  • Nuñez, C. I., Aizen, M. A. ve Ezcurra, C., 1999. Species associations and nurse effects in patches of high -Andean vegetation, Journal of Vegetation Science, 10, 357-364.
  • Pemán, J., ve Navarro, R., 1998, Repoblaciones forestales. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Léridade, Léridade.
  • Pugnaire, F. I., Haase, P. ve Pulgdefabregas, J., 1996. Facilitation between higher plant species in a semiarid environment, Ecology, 77, 1420-1426.
  • Pugnaire, F. I. ve Luque, M. T., 2001. Changes in plant interactions along a gradient of enviromental stress, Oikos 93, 42-49.
  • Raffaele, E. ve Veblen, T. T.,1998. Facilitation by nurse shrubs of resprouting behavior in a post-fire shrubland in northern Patagonia, Argentina, Journal of Vegetation Science, 9, 693-698.
  • Tan, M., ve Serin, Y., 1996, Fiğ + tahıl karışımlarında karışım oranlar ve biçim zamanlarının makro besin elementi kompozisyonuna etkileri, Türkiye 3. Çayır Mera ve Yem bitkileri Kongresi, 17-19 Haziran 1996, Erzurum, Türkiye, s.308-315.
  • Tan, M., ve Serin, Y., 2004. Is the companion crop harmless to afalfa establishment in the higlands of East Anatolia?, Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190, 1-5.
  • Wied, A. ve Galen, C., 1998. Plant parental care: Conspecific nurse effects in Frasera Speciosa and Cirsium Scopulorum, Ecology, 79 (5), 1657-1668.
  • Valiente-Banuet, A. ve Ezcurra, E., 1991. Shade as a cause of the association between the cactus Neobuxbaumia tetetzo and the nurse plant Mimosa luisana in the Tehuacán Valley, Mexico, Journal of Ecology, 79 (4), 961-971.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hasan Korkmaz

Safinaz Alkan This is me

Publication Date July 31, 2017
Submission Date March 22, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Korkmaz, H., & Alkan, S. (2017). Yardımcı Bitkiler ve Ekolojik Etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 128-140.